围场地名趣谈

任何地名的起源，无不与当地历史条件及地理特征相关，即所谓地名是历史地理发展的产物；反过来任何地名缘起和成因均反映出一定的历史化及地理环境。在地名学中把与植物相关的称为：植物地名”，与动物相关的称为“动物地名”，与土地或土地开发相关的地名则称为“土地地名”。围场的一系列土地地名便是当地土地开发的历史见证。     

近代以来福州城市地名空间政治变迁研究

运用符号权力和批判地名学理论,以近代以来福州主城区地名为研究对象,分析不同时代地名命名与变更特点,揭示福州城市地名空间政治变迁规律,对当前城市地名规划管理具有一定的现实意义。研究发现:1地名类型区域差异显著:鼓楼区以体现执政阶层意识形态的事物命名为主,台江区以经济事物类为主,仓山区以景观类为主,晋安区以吉祥愿景类为主;2地名命名与变更呈现去阶层意识形态、求雅求美与商品化的时代演变规律。对宗教事物类地名的扬弃贯穿了整个研究时期,世俗空间与圣神空间的交融、分离对福州地名空间政治建构起到重要作用。3不同时代各社会阶层借助地名表达不同政治立场。当前,资本对城市地名文化重构作用越发显著,地名地方性、时代性和使用权等问题需引起关注。     

长沙市农村设置一批乡镇地石碑

长沙市农村设置一批乡镇地石碑为了加快农村建制镇的发展，室在抓好地名管理的同时，在农村托乡、洞井乡、东岸乡，长沙县脱甲镇、路口镇，望城县雷锋镇，２８个乡镇率先设置了乡镇地名碑。型美观，用材考究，位置选择适。书写乡镇名，背面碑文为标准名乡镇碑的设置，对于...     

GIS在南宁市第二次全国地名普查工作中的应用

当前信息化技术和地理信息系统技术不断发展,文章从第二次全国地名普查的背景出发,介绍了南宁市第二次全国地名普查技术流程,阐述GIS技术在地名数据挖掘、地面属性信息提取、外业调绘、地名数字化、地名考证和质量审核等地名普查工作中的应用,实现了地名坐标量测信息化,地名表、地名卡片、地名工作图和概况等资料数字化,最终的成果形式丰富,实现了精度高、差错率低、检校容易等技术创新。文章总结了南宁市在第二次全国地名普查作业中创新点,为自治区地名普查工作的开展中提供了良好的借鉴作用。     

山西省乡级地名类型及统计分析

地名在一定程度上可以反应当地的地理环境特征,对区域中的地名类型与地理环境关系进行分析,对于统筹区域中人地关系具有重要作用。以山西省为研究区域,乡级地名类型为研究对象,采用分类法、统计分析法、图表法对山西省乡级地名类型与地理环境关系进行分析。分析表明,山西省乡级地名的命名是当地自然因素和人文因素共同作用的结果,且反映人文地理特征的地名在乡级地名中所占比例较大。     

世界各地的中国城

所谓"中国城",是指一个具规模的商业中心——以经营中国产品、中国饮食为主,以中国式建筑为格调的城区。意大利罗马的"中国城"1985年罗马出现的"中国广场",是迄今为止西方最大的"中国城",占地60公顷,可供30万人居住,共有18条街道,分别命名为"北京"、"上海"、"长江"、"黄河"、"长城"等。以异国地名为街道命名,在罗马还是首次。美国纽约的"中国城"座落在纽约金融区北面的曼哈顿,方圆20平方公里,聚居着20余万华人。城区30条街道挤满了华人经营的450     

世界各地的“中国城”

意大利罗马的“中国城”。 1985年罗马出现的“中国广场”,是迄今为止西方最大的“中国城”,占地 60公顷,可供 30万人居住,共有 18条街,分别命名为“北京”、“上海”、“长江”、“黄河”、“长城”等。以异国地名为街道命名,在罗马还是首次。 　　美国纽约的“中国城”。座落在纽约金融区北面的曼哈顿,方圆 20平方公里,聚居着 20余万华人。城区 30条街道挤满了华人经营的 450家中餐馆, 500余家制衣厂及各种各样的杂货店、药店贸易行、银行等。这里不仅是经营中式土特产的窗口,而且是华裔居民的文化中心。城里的 7家中文报纸, 3…     

唐山地名文化的挖掘与保护探析

地名不仅仅是确定一定空间和时间的名称,还有着丰富的文化内涵,每一个地名都传承着一种特有的文化。地名作为独特的文化遗产,具有巨大的价值,因此,要充分合理地挖掘唐山地名文化的市场价值,积极有效地保护地名文化遗产,不要让凝聚着民族智慧、蕴含着悠久历史的古老地名丢失。     

十二生肖地名

十二生肖地名在中国的地方中，有不少城镇用十二生肖作地名，如果有幸到了这些地方，不妨一游，也是一种乐趣。鼠街———镇名，在云南省景东彝族自治区北部。牛街———地名，在北京市宣武区西南，以种植多种石榴树而名石榴街，后顺口传成为牛街。虎门———镇名，在广东...     

驻马店地名文化品牌的开发与利用

驻马店拥有丰富的地名人文资源,如何对其进行开发和利用一直是当地政府思考的重要问题。受地名与商品或服务结合情况的影响,驻马店在进行地名文化品牌的开发与利用时,应该根据不同地名人文资源的性质,规范地名人文资源的保护与开发工作。     

城市化进程中地名文化价值的量化分析——以上海市乡镇级地名为例

在城市化进程中,一些文化内涵深刻的老地名被弃用,原因在于对地名文化价值的判断以及地名的取舍缺少客观、稳定和统一的标准。通过对城市化进程中开展地名文化价值量化分析的意义、基本指导思想和主要研究过程等进行阐述,以上海市乡镇级地名文化保护过程中的实际应用为例,进行了量化分析的探索。     

Observability and Sorting in a Market for Names

Can firm names be tradeable assets when changes in name ownership are observable? Earlier literature focuses on trading of firm names when trading is not observable to the consumer. Yet, casual empiricism suggests that shifts in name ownership are often publicly known. This paper studies how firm names can be traded even under full observability. In equilibrium, even when consumers see a reputed name being divested they continue to trust it and so, these names are tradeable. I further demonstrate an appealing “sorting” property of these equilibria. Competent firms can separate themselves by buying valuable names, and incompetent firms can give themselves away by using worthless names.     

A field study of rental market discrimination across origins in France

Discrimination against particular groups in the housing market increases search costs and limits optimal matching, thus resulting in economic and social inefficiencies. This paper tests for the existence of discrimination in the French rental market against individuals with names which signal their connection to five immigrant groups (Northern Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Turkey, Poland, Portugal-Spain) by implementing an online field study using one of France's largest online advertisements website. The results show that applicants with foreign sounding names coming from Northern Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and Turkey are 16 to 22 percentage points less likely to receive a response than applicants with French names or names associated with Poland, Portugal or Spain. In addition, when applicants with foreign sounding names from any origin receive a response, it is significantly more likely to be negative or include a request for more information than responses to emails including French sounding names. Finally, we find some geographic differences in response rate differentials that are correlated with differences in the local income and share of immigrants. This provides evidence that landlords use names as a proxy for economic and other sociodemographic characteristics.     

Toponymy as Commodity: Exploring the Economic Dimensions of Urban Place Names

In recent years the study of urban toponymy (place names) has been revitalized by the emergence of a ‘critical toponymies' approach. This focuses on the cultural politics of place naming and the decisions involved in attributing names to the urban landscape. However, in contemporary cities place names have an economic role in addition to their political role. In particular, there have been recent calls for more attention to the commodification of place‐naming rights and practices. This article seeks to respond to these calls by addressing the issue of urban place names as commodities. It begins by examining the naming of sports stadia by corporate sponsors. It then considers a range of ways in which private‐sector interests are increasingly influencing the naming of the urban landscape, from buildings and neighbourhoods to individual streets. Even the material signage that identifies street names can be appropriated within branding and promotional strategies. Moreover, urban place names are increasingly incorporated into a range of commercially produced spatial datasets collated by private companies. The article ends by proposing a number of directions for future research into the economic role of urban place names and the commodification of toponymy more broadly.     

Indiscriminate discrimination: A correspondence test for ethnic homophily in the Chicago labor market

Numerous field experiments have demonstrated the existence of discrimination in labor markets against specific minority groups. This paper uses a correspondence test to determine whether this discrimination is due to prejudice against specific groups, or a general preference for the majority group. Three groups of identical fabricated resumes are sent to help-wanted advertisements in Chicago newspapers: one with Anglo-Saxon names, one with African-American names, and one with fictitious foreign names whose ethnic origin is unidentifiable to most Americans. Resumes with Anglo-Saxon names generate nearly one third more call-backs than identical resumes with non Anglo-Saxon ones, either African-American or Foreign. We take this as evidence that discriminatory behavior is part of a larger pattern of unequal treatment of any member of non-majority groups, ethnic homophily.     

George gives to geology Jane: The name letter effect and incidental similarity cues in fundraising

• People tend to like others with attributes similar to their own (the similarity principle) and favor products with names similar to their own (the name letter effect).
• In the present field experiment, the name letter effect and similarity principle are tested in a phonaton among alumni of Utrecht University, The Netherlands. First name and surname initials, fields of education, and association memberships of alumni were matched to those of students soliciting contributions in the phonaton.
• Female alumni with first names and fields of study similar to those of solicitors were more likely to donate, as were male alumni with first names similar to the field of study of solicitors. Both male and female alumni with first names similar to the name of the university donated more often than those with dissimilar names.
• Name letter effects are a cheap and effective instrument to increase donations in fundraising campaigns conducted by telephone.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈企业译名

中国经济在短短几十年间有了飞速的发展,在世界经济大舞台上起到了举足轻重的作用。在中国企业、公司对外交往中,如何将自己的企业名称译好,是关系到企业形象的问题,这对企业名称翻译提出了很大挑战。文章针对我国公司企业名称翻译中出现的一些问题进行了粗浅的探讨。     

The (im)possibility of ethics in the information age

This paper is concerned with the possibility that the ethical claim of the other, that sense of being bound to the other, may becoming more and more difficult to experience as information technology increasingly mediates our social being. The paper will support the supposition of Don Caputo that obligation does not emanate from codes, imperatives or moral arguments. Rather it will argue that obligation takes hold of us from within disaster. Obligation, our being bound-to, finds us when we come face to a face in disaster. The paper will argue that electronic mediation is inducing a sense of hyperreality into our world (Baudrillard). It will argue that this hyperreality is making our ethical sensibility nebulous to the point that we are not coming face to face with our obligations. An analysis of the Baring bank disaster will be used to demonstrate the point. The paper will show that Nick Leeson was in a hyperreal world in which he was not able to come face to face with the victims of the disaster. The electronic hyperreal world of financial markets, where traders deal in abstract numbers, movements on the screen, made it possible for him to look over and past the faces and proper names of the victims; their claim became diffused in the numbers on the screen, not real cash only numbers, not real people with faces and proper names, just numbers. If this supposition seems tenable what are we to do? The paper argues that we do not need more codes, imperatives or moral arguments, as such. Rather we need to keep our lives at the resolution, of faces and proper names—if obligation happens this is where it is likely to be.     

Agglomeration in an innovative and differentiated industry with heterogeneous knowledge spillovers

This paper introduces an agent-based simulation model to study the technological development, the economic performance of firms and the evolution of agglomerations in a differentiated industry. The analysis is based on the interaction and behavior of firms, which might share knowledge but at the same time are competitors on the goods markets. Firms do not only compete with quantities they can also introduce process and product innovations. The level of knowledge of a firm describes the capabilities to perform innovations. Knowledge can be accumulated by investing in R&D and by knowledge spillover, which depend on geographical and technological proximity. Simulation runs show that there is an incentive to agglomerate in young industries and that geographical proximity enhances innovation, especially the number of product innovations.      

渭南市店名浅析

陕西渭南市城区内主要街道的店铺名称体现了现代店铺名称的多种特点。渭南市店铺名所映射的也是大多数中国北方城市在语言文字建设上的新特点和新问题,是一个值得研究的领域。作者通过广泛调查当地店铺名称,在掌握店铺名称资料的基础上,从实例出发结合相关理论,对渭南市1100多家店铺名称进行详细的语言形式分析和比对,从共时的角度展现出渭南店名乃至经济发展的状况。