Unfulfilled Promise: Laboratory experiments in public management research

Abstract

We make the case for increased laboratory experimentation in public management research. Laboratory experiments can generate useful knowledge, particularly in testing causal relationships among constructs of interest. The challenge in this regard is one of identifying the appropriate role for experiments in a greater knowledge production enterprise. Although laboratory experiments are underutilized, they have proffered important knowledge contributions to the field, especially in areas of decision-making and, increasingly, motivation. Because practical problems may pose a greater obstacle to laboratory experimentation in public management than epistemological issues, we address external validity and the cost of conducting laboratory experiments before concluding with suggestions for future research.     

实验动物学教学中培养本科生科研能力的探索

实验动物学对生命科学发展具有重要支撑和促进作用。在实验动物学教学中,对教学内容、教学方法和考核方式等方面进行了改革和探索,激发学生对科研的兴趣,着力培养本科生的科研能力,取得了较好的效果。     

基于DYNAMIPS的网络虚拟实验室构建

分析了当前网络实践性课程存在的不足,由此提出了利用DYNAMIPS虚拟平台构建网络虚拟实验室的必要性。重点介绍了虚拟实验室的实验体系结构,功能模块和实验方法,并给出高级路由中的实验实例。虚拟实验室的应用在提高学生综合分析与处理能力上取得了较好的效果。     

综合性、设计性IT实验教学改革与学生综合素质培养

本文针对我国高等院校理工科专业实验教学的现状,说明了进行综合性、设计性信息技术实验教学改革的意义。并以信息技术专业为例,提出了设置综合性、设计性信息技术实验,改革实验考核方法,强化毕业实习,深化实验室体制改革等一系列实验教学改革方案,培养学生的创新能力与团队精神。最后探讨了理工科专业实验教学改革的发展方向。     

艺术类实验的特征及其实验室建设定位

艺术类实验有别于理工科实验:实验要求不求量化,实验过程不求统一,实验评价不求标准,因此就要求学校在实验室建设中做到以下几点,整合共享实验室,注重实验教学方法,优化实验教学内容,注重实践基地建设,重视个性发展,变封闭型为开放型。只有明确了实验的特征与实验室建设的定位,才能培养出个性鲜明的艺术人才。     

检验医师是检验本科学生未来培养方向

随着复杂的医患矛盾以及现代临床医学发展,临床迫切需要既懂临床又懂检验的检验医师发挥沟通检验与临床的功能。检验医师是既有检验技师证又有医师证的检验工作人员。检验医师的角色不仅保证了检测结果的准确性,同时帮助医生理解检测结果,使检测结果更好地服务临床。检验医师是检验本科学生未来培养方向。文章就检验医师培养的原因、现状、培养模式进行探讨和分析。     

Houses of Experiment: Modern Housing and the Will to Laboratorization

This article adds historical and geographical specificity to the link between city building and laboratorization processes. It does so by way of the example of housing in mid‐twentieth‐century Britain. Housing provision at this time saw an intensification of the relationship between architectural design and science by way of the emergent field of building science as well as new social‐science studies of householder satisfaction. The article focuses on two examples of these housing sciences, tracing their role in the production of British modern housing. The first example focuses on a set of experiments conducted on ventilation and heating at Britain's Building Research Station. The second example examines the social science of a post‐occupancy study of multi‐storey flats in Glasgow. The article argues that mid‐twentieth‐century housing construction and provision was structured in and through a laboratory logic that had a complex geography and temporality. In the sciences of housing conducted during this period there is a conflation and hybridization of the space of the laboratory, the site of the house and the action of the experiment.     

Inductive reasoning: The promise of big data

Theory is a cornerstone of organizational research. Recently, however, some organizational scientists have argued that there is an overemphasis on theory development in our prominent publication outlets, calling for a rejuvenation of empirically driven research. To bring empirical research back to the forefront, the organizational sciences need a shock to the system: the advent of big data analytics in organizations provides just such a shock. The purpose of the following paper is to advocate for big data analytics as tools that can be used to support inductive research methods in the organizational sciences. We then highlight areas of organizational research and practice in which big data analytics can have an impact, provide readers with a tempered perspective on big data in the organizational sciences, and suggest a number of ways that researchers, reviewers, and editors can prepare themselves for the introduction of big data research in the organizational sciences.     

In Public Servants We Trust?: A behavioural experiment on public service motivation and trust among students of public administration,business sciences and law

Using a laboratory experiment with monetary rewards to explore the effect of self-reported public service motivation (PSM) on choosing to study public administration and on trust behaviour reveals that students of public administration behave more trusting and trustworthy than business sciences and law students. Self-reported PSM is positively associated with trust behaviour, but does not explain trust differences between the three groups. This indicates that the normative orientation that underlies self-reported PSM exerts a stronger influence on behaviour in a low-cost decision than in a high-cost decision with long-term consequences such as choosing a field of study.     

从社会科学研究方法角度分析英语中的实际问题

开展社会科学方法论的研究,是推进社会科学繁荣发展的重要环节。把马克思主义哲学与社会科学方法论相结合,对社会现状加以分析,以确立社会科学方法论基本原则,建立科学的社会科学方法论体系。本文旨在从社会科学方法论的角度来分析《我国高校英语教育中的"中国文化失语"现状研究》一文中具体社会科学方法的运用。认识社会科学方法在实际问题中起到的指导作用,分析其处理和解决问题的思路方法。     

高校创新型MCS-51单片机虚拟实验室的建设与应用

单片机的教学与应用需要软硬件知识的结合,实践性非常强。然而在目前单片机的教学实验中,设备的更新及损坏导致单片机实验室建立与维护成本较高,实验设备不足导致实验过程多是进行验证性的实验,很难开展创新实验。因此,本文以高校单片机课程的实验教学为背景,采用单片机仿真软件Proteus与Keil整合构建单片机虚拟实验室,为解决目前传统的单片机实验教学存在的一系列问题提供了一种新的思路。     

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS FOR ECONOMIC POLICY MAKING

Abstract In this paper, we assess the scope and the specific contribution of laboratory experiments for economic policy making. We review experiments which have addressed a specific problem, institution, mechanism design or tool relevant in economic policy. We have two research questions. What type of policy questions can be addressed in the laboratory? And what is the specific value added of economic experiments for policy making. The survey contains experiments on competition policy, auctions, regulated markets, and emission permits.     

Recent advances in multiple-objective design strategies

Many experiments have several goals and it is important to incorporate these goals at the onset of the study. Design strategies for accomplishing this task are reviewed with examples from the biological sciences.     

Research design: the methodology for interdisciplinary research framework

Many of today’s global scientific challenges require the joint involvement of researchers from different disciplinary backgrounds (social sciences, environmental sciences, climatology, medicine, etc.). Such interdisciplinary research teams face many challenges resulting from differences in training and scientific culture. Interdisciplinary education programs are required to train truly interdisciplinary scientists with respect to the critical factor skills and competences. For that purpose this paper presents the Methodology for Interdisciplinary Research (MIR) framework. The MIR framework was developed to help cross disciplinary borders, especially those between the natural sciences and the social sciences. The framework has been specifically constructed to facilitate the design of interdisciplinary scientific research, and can be applied in an educational program, as a reference for monitoring the phases of interdisciplinary research, and as a tool to design such research in a process approach. It is suitable for research projects of different sizes and levels of complexity, and it allows for a range of methods’ combinations (case study, mixed methods, etc.). The different phases of designing interdisciplinary research in the MIR framework are described and illustrated by real-life applications in teaching and research. We further discuss the framework’s utility in research design in landscape architecture, mixed methods research, and provide an outlook to the framework’s potential in inclusive interdisciplinary research, and last but not least, research integrity.     

高校实验室建设与管理模式的研究

实验室作为高校进行实践教学活动的重要场所,在提高教学质量,培养学生实践能力和创新思维方面起着举足轻重的作用。加强实验室建设和管理模式的研究,不仅有助于整体实践教学水平的提高,也有利于学术理论的创新。本文通过对高校实验室的分析,在实验室在建设和管理方面提引入了系统化的思想,并提出了针对性的解决意见。     

The effect of primed goals on employee performance: Implications for human resource management

Overwhelming evidence in the behavioral sciences shows that consciously set goals can increase an employee's performance. Thus, HR professionals have had little, if any, reason to be interested in subconscious processes. In the past decade, however, laboratory experiments by social psychologists have shown that goals can be primed. That is, people's behavior is affected by goals of which they are unaware. Because a conscious goal consumes cognitive resources, this finding has important implications for employee efficiency in the workplace. This paper discusses the results of priming a performance goal in two organizational settings. Call center employees who were primed using a photograph of a woman winning a race raised significantly more money from donors than those who were randomly assigned to a control group. A meta‐analysis revealed that a photograph can prime the subconscious to increase job performance. The results of the present study demonstrate that subconscious motivation is a concept worthy of exploration for both human resource scholars and practitioners. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Evaluation in Design-Oriented Research

Design has been recognized for a long time both as art and as science. In the sixties of the previous century design-oriented research began to draw the attention of scientific researchers and methodologists, not only in technical engineering but also in the social sciences. However, a rather limited methodology for design-oriented research has been developed, especially as to the social sciences. In this article we introduce evaluation methodology and research methodology as a systematic input in the process of designing. A designing cycle is formulated with six stages, and for each of these stages operations, guidelines and criteria for evaluation are defined. All this may be used for a considerable improvement of the process and product of designing.