基于“三生”视角下的我国中部六省乡村脆弱性空间格局研究

以我国中部六省为研究区域，基于“生产-生活-生态”三生视角构建乡村脆弱性指标体系，运用熵权法综合测度2008-2018年各省乡村生产、生活、生态及综合脆弱性水平，研究结论如下：①各省乡村生产脆弱性总体水平先缩小后增大，乡村生活、生态、综合脆弱性总体水平均呈线性下降趋势；②利用自然断裂点法将各省乡村生产、生活、生态及综合脆弱性水平分为低度脆弱、中度脆弱及高度脆弱三类并进行可视化分析；③各省乡村生产、生活、生态及综合脆弱性的内部差异和变动范围均大体呈扩大趋势，空间异质性均大体增强。最后就有效降低地区乡村生产、生活、生态及综合脆弱性提出了相关建议。     

省域营商环境质量评估与时空演化特征研究

营商环境可以衡量一个区域的竞争力和经济实力。运用全局熵值法对中国及各省域营商环境质量水平进行综合评价,利用探索性空间分析法(ESDA)对营商环境的时空特征进行探究。研究表明:我国营商环境呈逐年提升趋势,各省营商环境质量水平增速明显,但地区之间差异明显;经济环境与人力资本环境发展速度较快,市场环境稳步提升,科技环境处于较低水平但长期处于提高状态,基础设施发展稳定,但仍有待进一步完善与提高;营商环境省域之间的差距明显,研究期内整体呈东南高西北低,自东南沿海地区向内陆扩散递减;空间分布全局正相关性明显,而局部空间主要为LL集聚与HH集聚,地区间交互影响明显。综上提出政策建议。     

农业科技资源投入结构现状及发展动态演变分析

以农业科研机构为研究对象,通过分析农业科技人力资源、农业科技财力资源在基础研究、应用研究和试验发展三个科技活动阶段不同分配情况下;在农学、林学、水产学、畜牧兽医学等不同学科领域间分配情况下所引起农业科技产出的可能变动情况,运用核密度估计函数系统测算2005-2015年不同科技活动阶段财力资源的动态演变。结果表明：农学在各学科领域内占有较为明显的主导地位,各阶段农业科技财力整体投入水平均大幅度提高,其中试验发展的涨幅最大,但区域差异明显,东部地区与中部地区增长较大,而东北地区与西部地区呈负增长态势;基础研究阶段整体呈现上涨趋势,东北地区对科技投入影响较大;应用研究阶段各地区以及全国范围整体差异呈现负增长。     

中部地区乡村振兴战略实施效果评价研究

近年来,中部地区经济社会发展取得长足进步,但是经济发展的不平衡性依然突出,为实现中部地区的高质量发展,必须坚定不移地推进乡村振兴战略。立足中部地区发展实际,构建乡村振兴评价体系,利用熵权TOPSIS法进行测度。实证结果表明：中部地区乡村振兴水平整体处于全国中游位置,乡村振兴效果有待加强;中部地区各个省份乡村振兴水平表现出不平衡性;在乡村振兴各分项得分上,中部地区大多位于第二、三梯队,各个省份存在差异性。因此各省应发掘自身短板,破解乡村振兴所面临的困局。     

数字乡村建设与乡村振兴耦合协调发展研究

数字乡村建设作为破解乡村跨越式发展瓶颈的突破口和新引擎,对全面推进乡村振兴和建设数字中国具有重要意义。以2011—2021年中国31个省域面板数据为样本,构建系统性理论框架和多元评价指标体系,运用时序主成分分析法和耦合协调模型,评估数字乡村建设和乡村振兴的综合发展水平,以及二者耦合协调度的时序演化和空间差异。结果显示,数字乡村和乡村振兴发展指数及耦合协调度呈稳步增长态势,整体协调状态由中度失调迈向中度协调水平。地区异质性不断扩大,形成东部和中部地区遥遥领先、西部和东北地区滞后的空间格局。发展指数高的省份溢出效应显著,增速快,耦合协调水平高,而欠发达地区联动效应不足,组内差异显著,二者耦合协调度低。因此,应正视空间异质性,因地制宜地推进数字乡村建设与乡村振兴的优质协调发展。     

经济边缘地区农产品批发市场功能拓展与建设

经济边缘地区是各省域普遍存在的特殊地区,其经济基础相对较差,农业滞后,市场机制尚不成熟,但发展潜力巨大.作为省域经济和谐发展重点地区,应着力培育关联"三农"的农产品批发市场,政府应将其作为公益设施进行投资,变革其管理模式,突出区域特色,充分拓展农产品市场的交易、配送、产品加工、展示等功能.     

经济边缘地区农产品批发市场功能拓展与建设

经济边缘地区是各省域普遍存在的特殊地区,其经济基础相对较差,农业滞后,市场机制尚不成熟,但发展潜力巨大.作为省域经济和谐发展重点地区,应着力培育关联"三农"的农产品批发市场,政府应将其作为公益设施进行投资,变革其管理模式,突出区域特色,充分拓展农产品市场的交易、配送、产品加工、展示等功能.     

中国省域人才资本存量差异分析——来自大学科技园管理机构面板数据的证据

基于中国2008—2019年30个省区市(除西藏外)国家级大学科技园管理机构及在孵企业的从业人员数,采用改进的受教育年限法测算了中国省域大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量.在此基础上,利用Dagum基尼系数和泰尔指数对中国四大经济区域大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量的地区差距进行实证研究.结果发现:在样本考察期内,大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量的年均值呈现出东高西低的特征,而其年均增速则呈现出西高西低的特征;除中部及东北地区外,全国及东部、西部地区省域大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量长期表现为不均衡状态;中国各区域大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量分布差异的泰尔指数均大于零,其反映的各区域人才资本存量分布差异与基尼系数反映的情况有较大差异,且地区内差异始终高于地区间差异.     

创新投入对高技术产业集聚的影响研究——基于分位数回归的实证分析

通过构建2007-2018年省域面板数据分位数回归模型,分析创新投入对高技术产业集聚的影响。结果表明：创新投入整体上对高技术产业集聚有显著地促进作用,且对东部地区的影响大于中、西部地区。在高技术产业集聚水平从低向高变化的过程中,创新投入对高技术产业集聚的影响呈显著递增趋势,并存在明显的区域差异：对东部地区的影响呈先升后降的“倒U型”分布;对中、西部地区的影响总体呈递增趋势,且中部地区的不如西部地区显著。     

基于改进理想解法的区域自主创新效率评价研究

为了客观评价和比较分析中国省(市)域自主创新效率,利用改进理想解法对2010年中国大陆31个省、市、自治区区域自主创新效率进行评价,对评价结果进行分类比较分析。评价结果表明中国省(市)级区域的区域自主创新效率地域差异化明显,总体而言,东部地区的区域自主创新效率最强,其次是东北地区和中部地区,西部地区较弱。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

中俄经济技术合作面临新机遇

中俄在十年内把各自的GDP翻一番的目标,为发展中俄经济技术合作提供了机遇.仅仅依靠商品贸易的增长很难大幅度提升中俄经贸关系,需要全面开展经济技术合作,特别是加强在自然资源开发、跨国投资、军工技术和产品贸易领域的合作.     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.