Different approaches to measure ego-centered social support networks: a meta-analysis

Survey indicators of social networks usually measure a certain function of social networks, for example exchange of social support. Social support is a multidimensional construct. The most comprehensive definition distinguishes among sources of social support (social support networks), supportive acts and appraisal of given support. Generally, two main hypotheses can be given with regard to the role social support plays in quality of life of individuals: that social support is beneficial as such (main effects), or that social support is beneficial at occasions of stressful events (buffer effect). In this paper we are dealing with survey measurement of ego-centered social support networks. Three methods to social network measurement are compared: the name generator method, the role generator method and the event-related approach. In a meta-analysis of several studies done on convenient quota samples the effects of method, type of calculation, response format and limitation of support providers on network composition indicators are studied.     

AHP-based approaches for supplier evaluation: Problems and perspectives

Supplier evaluation has assumed a strategic role in determining competitiveness of large manufacturing companies. An increasing number of researches have been devoted to the development of different kind of methodologies to cope with this problem. Nevertheless, while the number of applications is growing, there is little empirical evidence of the practical usefulness of such tools with a dichotomy between theoretical approaches and empirical applications. Considering this evidence, the goal of this paper is to contribute to understand the above dichotomy by implementing, in a corporate environment, a model for supplier evaluation based on the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), one of the most prominent methodologies used to address the problem. The analysis of the implementation process of the methodology allows the identification of strengths and weaknesses of using formalized supplier selection models to tackle the supplier evaluation problem, also highlighting potential barriers preventing firms to adopt such methods. Relevant issues arising from the application and managerial implications for both customer and suppliers are discussed.     

A model of employee responses to drug-testing programs

Testing employees for drug use is an increasingly widespread organizational response to the problem of employee drug abuse. Despite this, little attention has been given to its effects on employee attitudes and behavior. This paper reviews the issue of drug testing in industry, provides a theoretical model of employee perceptions of and responses to drug-testing programs, and offers an agenda for future research directions.     

A system for evaluating social welfare programs and allocating contributed resources based on citizen input

This paper describes the development and implementation of a social welfare program evaluation system developed by a Community Council to aid the resource allocation decision process of a local United Way. The system assigns a “utility” measure to each program based on how the program satisfies the long-term social welfare goals of the community adjusted for the effect of short range, time dependent criteria affecting the region. Data for the processes described was obtained by quantifying the subjective feelings of the individual members of the Community Council. The results have been accepted by the United Way Organization and are currently being used to assist in the planning and resource allocation functions of the fund.     

人才管理的新进路分析——KM模式之介入与融合

20世纪90年代末的"人才争夺战"使得人才管理首次进入到了学界的视野,且人才管理原则应用到特殊的知识密集型环境。随着传统研究进路的不足,KM模式的介入为人才管理提供了新的理论滋养,如"技术守门人"、中枢连接者、跨越边界者以及知识中介者等理论为知识密集环境的人才管理注入了崭新的理论源流。KM模式与TM模式的融汇为人才管理提供新的研究进路,特别关注于知识型人才,知识创造,知识分享与定位,发展知识能力以及知识的保留层次上,指明了知识型人才在知识流动网的角色,推动知识密集型机构充分利用资源,优化创新能力。     

A social procedurial approach to the Pareto optimization problematique

This article applies a variant of game theory to the Pareto multi-value problematique, that is situations where members of a group, community or society are faced with alternative allocations, institutional arrangements, or states of the world and may collectively choose an allocation, institutional arrangement or state of the world if they can agree on it. This type of multiple value decision situation is increasingly prevalent not only on the level of societal and political issues but on the level of many enterprises, particularly those advocating corporate social responsibility. Because actors hold and apply values from different perspectives, there are potential contradictory value judgments and incompatible equilibria. In a world of contradiction, incommensurability, and disequilibrium, to what extent can conflicts be resolved and social equilibrium accomplished? Force works but it is inherently unstable. Drawing on an extension of classical game theory, generalized game theory (GGT), this article addresses the multi-value problematique in terms of collective “resolution procedures.” These regulative procedures—or social algorithms—are applied to problems of conflict and suboptimality in a multiple value world such as Pareto envisioned. This paper (the first of two) outlines key elements of GGT, defines the Pareto multi-value problematique, pointing out several of the critical weaknesses, theoretical as well as empirical, of the Pareto approach. GGT is then applied in defining and analyzing several major procedures to realize improvements in a multi-value world characterized by conflict and sub-optimality. A second article conceptualizes a complex of societal games making up a social system with 2-phase multi-level game processes; it applies the conceptualization to the different societal procedures for multi-value choice under conditions of conflict. Procedures such as democratic voting, adjudication and administrative decision-making, and multi-lateral negotiation are capable of producing outcomes that in many cases are widely accepted as legitimate and become social equilibria (at least within some range of conditions). These procedures and the conditions for their activation and implementation are modelled and explicated through a generalized game approach.     

凤大高速公路社会环境影响后评价

文章根据凤大高速公路的实际情况,从社会发展影响、经济发展影响、资源开发影响、交通环境影响以及对外联系的影响等几个方面,建立了凤大高速公路社会环境影响后评价指标体系,采用模糊层次综合评价法构建后评价模型并进行评价分析,根据评价结果,提出对凤大高速公路社会环境的保护措施及建议。     

基于模糊综合评价法的企业社会资本核心竞争力评价

企业社会资本是反映企业内外部社会关系特征的一种资源。它可以使企业在内外部的社会关系网络获得"合作租金"和"位置",为企业带来竞争优势。文章通过模糊综合评价法对企业社会资本核心竞争力进行评价,说明企业社会资本确实能给企业带来竞争优势。     

我国企业社会责任报告解读与评析

本文对我国内资企业发布的36份社会责任报告进行了评析,指出了我国企业社会责任报告体系的不足之处,并提出了若干建议,以促进我国企业社会责任报告体系的不断完善。     

中国企业社会责任评价研究综述

企业社会责任评价研究日渐成为国内普遍关注的热点。文章从评价指标体系、评价方法、企业社会责任的实证研究等方面出发,综述了国内企业社会责任评价研究现状,并对存在的问题进行了分析。     

生态城市规划方案的综合评价

在确定生态城市规划方案影响因素的前提下,采取层次分析与模糊综合评价相结合的方法,对生态城市规划方案作出评价,以此增强生态城市规划方案评价的科学性,提高方案评价的可靠度,探索使生态城市规划达到最佳效果的新途径.     

被明星化的企业家：王石隐身的社会活动家

52岁的王石为自己定的下一个人生角色是社会活动家,"我觉得企业家到一定阶段一定会去做NGO。你看李嘉诚,现在引人瞩目的已经不是赚了多少钱,而是捐出了多少钱。"     

The Pazner-Schmeidler social ordering: A defense

It is shown that the Pazner-Schmeidler social ordering appears as a very natural solution to the problem of defining social preferences over distributions of divisible goods. The paper analyses various ways of deriving this social ordering from minimally egalitarian conditions and informational parsimony requirements.Received: 10 October 2003, Accepted: 4 April 2005, JEL Classification: D63, D71This paper was written while I was a research fellow at the ZiF (Bielefeld), for the project “Procedural Approaches to Conflict Resolution”, and the last version was prepared during my sabbatical year at Nuffield College, Oxford. I thank my hosts for their hospitality. D. Dimitrov and F. Maniquet have provided valuable comments on an earlier draft. I also thank the audience of a seminar at the U. of Montreal. Finally, the comments of three anonymous referees and the Associate Editor have been very helpful.