China＇s Regional Disparity and Its Policy Responses

The fruits of China＇s rapid economic development over the 3 decades have not been distributed fairly across different regions. Using data from a sample of 815 Chinese listed firrns during 1998-2004, our error-correction investment model showes evidence of different financial constraints on firms＇ investment in different regions. We argue that China＇s regional development policies have contributed greatly to the regional inequalities. To control the rising inequality, China has shifted its focus from the coast to the interior regions. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the government to direct the economy, as market mechanisms now have afar greater influence on the economy than the government does. The people-centered approach of the current leadership has meant that substantial attention has been placed on regional development disparities in an attempt to build a ＂harmonious society. ＂ China needs further extensive reforms if all the measures for reducing regional disparity are to be effective.     

弱质农业对日本参与区域经济合作的影响

20世纪90年代末以前,由于担心其弱质农业遭受严重冲击等原因,日本一直对区域一体化持消极甚至批评的态度。此后,其对原有的政策进行了谨慎的调整,先后与8个国家和1个区域组织签署了包括贸易自由化内容的经济伙伴关系协定。在日本与有关国家就签署经济伙伴关系协定的谈判过程中,农产品市场开放问题一直是焦点问题之一,谈判的进展、有关协定的内容都在很大程度上受此影响。从其对弱质农业的保护政策来看,尽管日本将会更加积极地参与区域经济合作,但与主要农业大国达成有关协议的难度将非常大。     

Universities and Territorial Development: Reshaping the Regional Role of UK Universities

The regional role of universities is of increasing concern both to the managers of universities and to regional and national policymakers. Changes in the external environment are having a significant effect on the nature of the university and its approach to managing its interactions with external stakeholders, especially at a regional scale. Changes in the conceptualisation of regional development and in regional strategies also place universities more centrally to new policies. In the UK, since the late 1990s, a number of new national initiatives have dramatically increased the support for regional engagement in parallel with the application of regional level policies towards university activities. In consequence survey evidence suggests a growing focus on local and regional communities in university missions, but with a varying degree of identification for specific territorial scales. New institutional arrangements or responses include internal changes within universities such as new regional offices, and more significantly perhaps new collaborative regional arrangements and associations.     

京津冀地区创新政策对区域创新绩效影响的空间计量分析

提升区域创新绩效是在创新驱动发展背景下促进区域发展的重要手段.对京津冀43个区市2013—2018年的创新政策进行量化,构建空间计量模型,实证研究京津冀各区市创新政策对区域创新绩效的影响.研究结果表明:京津冀各区市创新政策与创新绩效均呈现显著正向空间相关性,空间聚集特征明显;创新政策的实施有利于提升本区域创新绩效,且对相邻区域创新绩效存在空间影响效应;创新政策对区域创新绩效的影响及空间效应均存在区域异质性.相对于天津和河北,北京市的创新政策实施对区内创新绩效的促进作用更明显;不同创新政策工具对创新绩效的影响存在差异,相比于需求侧政策和环境侧政策,供给侧政策对本地区创新绩效的促进作用最强;需求侧政策对相邻区域的创新绩效有正向影响,供给侧和环境侧政策对相邻区域创新绩效有负向影响.     

Regional policy in a multiregional setting: when the poorest are hurt by subsidies

Regional policies that seek to reduce economic inequalities between regions are common. These policies normally involve subsidies or transfers to the poorest regions. Over any given short-term horizon such subsidies serve to reduce inter-regional inequalities, but as they also affect migration patterns the long-term effects are less clear. This paper demonstrates using a three-region general equilibrium model that subsidising the poorest region may be to the detriment of the periphery as a whole and even to the very region that receives the subsidy, if the subsidy draws firms away from a nearby region that would function better as a production centre. If the subsidy does not attract a sufficient number of firms to the subsidised region, then the long-term effect on the residents of that region would be negative. Though further research is needed to isolate the conditions under which such an effect would arise, this result has potentially important implications for the design of regional policy.     

论中国与东盟国家区域合作的双赢模式——平台、机制与效益分享

发展中国家无论是采取均衡发展或非均衡发展，值得注意的是，两种模式同样深刻地表现在发展中国家之间的区域合作模式上。文章提出中国在与东盟国家区域合作中的模式选择与理性政策选择中的两个基本点与三大基本原则。     

欧盟区域政策实施效果研究

欧盟是目前各国实现区域经济一体化的典范,但其内部的发展差距也是很大的。欧盟内部发展不平衡既存在于各成员国之间,也存在于成员国内各地区之间。各地区存在着广泛的自然资源差距,不同的区位差异,不同的文化背景和种族差别,这种差别也体现在地区经济发展水平的不平衡上。经过三十多年的实践,欧盟区域政策无论在制度基础,区域划分还是政策工具等方面都是极为成熟和完善的,借鉴欧盟区域政策成熟的运行机理,对我国制定和实施区域政策,缩小地区经济差异有十分重要的意义。     

中国区域经济政策与经济格局的演变及其走向

随着中国区域经济格局的不断演变,中国区域经济政策也在不断地进行着调整。文章在全面评析新中国成立以来中国区域经济格局演变、区域发展战略制定和区域政策的制定与实施效果等问题的基础上,对未来中国区域经济发展格局、区域发展战略与区域政策制定进行了展望。     

论日本的区域经济政策及其特色

战后，日本为适应经济社会发展的要求，实施了一系列区域经济政策，主要包括地区振兴与开发政策、区域产业布局政策、缩小地区差距政策及促进落后地区发展政策。日本在实施区域经济政策中，中央和地方政府高度重视，进行统一规划协调指导，给予财政金融支持，加强基础设施推动和法律法规保障，形成了具有鲜明特色的日本区域经济政策．     

跨境生产分享与东亚地区一体化:中国的作用

本文考察了跨境生产分享对官方一体化的影响,结论是它促进了单一市场政策的实施,而不利于自由贸易区和关税同盟的建立。此外,市场导向的一体化降低了贸易对汇率变动的敏感度,对各国的汇率政策产生影响。文章还考察了中国在建立包含生产分享的地区一体化中的作用。     

Regional effects of federal tax shocks

This article studies the effects of federal tax changes on U.S.‐state‐level income. Utilizing an exogenous tax shock series recently proposed in the literature, we find considerable variation in how federal tax changes affect regional income: estimated state income multipliers range between –0.2 in Utah and –3.7 in Hawaii. Analyzing the determinants of differences in regional tax multipliers suggests that size and composition of the state tax base help explain the observed heterogeneity in the transmission of federal tax policy.     

Regional stock markets and the economic development of Southeast Asia

The paper examines the contribution made by the establishment and operation of a local stock exchange to the economic development of Southeast Asian (SEA) countries. The paper informs investors and policymakers about the current status of SEA stock market development and the associated positive and negative effects of such initiatives. Policymakers have placed a clear focus on SEA stock markets as a primary driver of regional economic growth. However, it is questionable whether SEA is ready for such an ambitious economic initiative, particularly given the reported negative effects of lesser developed stock markets. Despite these negative implications, the benefits appear to outweigh the costs for SEA stock markets. It is perceived that SEA stock markets will drive further economic reform, financial liberalisation, and market integration, promising tremendous benefits for both the region and the international investment community. The paper concludes with questions regarding the efficiency of stock markets in SEA and offers recommendations for further empirical research.     

自由经贸区建设与两岸区域协同发展的探索——第二届区域合作学术年会观点综述

为了顺应全球区域整合快速发展的趋势,2013年台湾提出了"自由经济示范区"的规划。这一规划被视作提升经济动能、推动经济发展的前瞻性、突破性的政策创举,对于台湾全球化产业升级及融入亚太经贸自由化具有重要意义,这将对台湾经济发展与两岸交流合作产生深远影响。文章择要综述了"第二届两岸区域合作论坛"部分专家学者的观点与思路,希望能为加快自由经贸区建设、创造性地开辟两岸合作新路径、推进两岸区域协同发展提供参考。     

Dilemmas in Regional University-Industry Research Collaboration

Although it is now well recognised that universities perform an important role in knowledge creation and diffusion in regions, the extent of regional research collaboration is limited. This article analyses the local collaborative research performance of three Australian regional universities and raises several dilemmas: the indeterminacy of regional engagement policies; weak demand drivers; the scale of the region; the challenge of balancing regional research work, national/international work, competition and collaboration; and the appropriate role of government. The experience of academics and managers in these universities may resonate with others, particularly in European countries, who face similar challenges.     

现代化城乡区域发展体系研究

加快建设现代化经济体系、推动经济高质量发展,是加快国家治理体系和治理能力建设和社会主义现代化强国建设的坚实基础。在现代化经济体系建设框架下,基于区域发展理论分析和全球区域政策实践演进的研究,本文探讨了现代化城乡区域发展体系建设的意义和内涵特征:现代化城乡区域发展体系是区域发展的三个客观基础和三个基本现象相互作用、相互关系形成和决定的有机系统,包括建立发挥比较优势的区域协调机制、建立有利于区域增长和创新的区域治理机制、建立城乡融合发展机制和乡村振兴机制以及建立区域统筹发展支持体系的四大机制和体系。现代化城乡区域发展体系建设是中国区域政策实践的转型探索与创新。研究指出:要尊重客观规律和客观事实,以“人民”的发展权利为中心而不是以“地区”发展绩效为中心,重视和基于中国区域发展最新形成的三个基本空间:即传统地理划分的宏观空间、城市群空间和具有中国特色的城乡二元空间,构建优势互补、协调联动的现代化城乡区域发展体系,彰显中国社会主义建设的制度优势和显著特色。     

区域金融中心形成理论与青岛区域金融中心建设的战略选择刍议

区域金融中心是以经济区域为基础而形成的资金融通和聚散的枢纽,具有一定经济或政治影响力。具有大量和高质量信息的中心城市应该构建区域金融中心。区位优势、经济发展水平、金融活动的广度和水平、地方政策的作用力等是影响区域金融中心建设的主要因素。青岛在区域金融中心建设过程中存在着目标定位和发展思路不能从根本上提升青岛区域金融发展的实力、采取的主要举措针对性不强和个别关键性政策性措施不到位等战略性问题,需要通过调整目标定位和发展思路、有针对性地调整主要举措和补充完善关键性政策措施等对策予以解决。     

2009年以来中国区域发展规划及政策评述

2009年以来为应对国际金融危机,国务院陆续批复了十多项区域发展规划及政策。研究表明这些规划与政策体现出了更加明晰细化的区域空间格局、多元多极的区域发展模式和注重协调发展、可持续发展和环境友好发展理念等三方面的特征。文章从资源重组、空间重构和管理体系三个角度分析其仍然存在以下问题：现阶段过于偏重重组优质资源,忽视发达地区与欠发达地区的协调发展;造成“政策交集”地区的战略定位和发展路径选择的“两难”处境;需进一步完善仍处于分割状态的规划管理体系等。最后,针对以上问题提出政策建议。     

Understanding China's Economic Growth from a Regional Policy Perspective

There has been ongoing interest in China's economic growth. What were the drivers of China's economic growth in past years? What policies were used to promote China's economic growth? Although different lenses may be used to understand and explain China's economic growth, this paper draws on historical, theoretical, and empirical perspectives to discuss the nexus between China's regional policies and economic growth. First, we review the evolution of China's regional policy and the policy's changing emphasis in different development stages, from balanced, unbalanced, and coordinated development to synergistic development. Then we construct a theoretical model to illustrate the impact of regional policy on the local economy and conduct an empirical examination with a case study of regional policy using regression discontinuity design. This paper analyzes the concept of regional policy and the underpinning logic of economic growth and presents practical approaches to formulate a better regional policy framework.     

A Global Perspective on Effectiveness of Aid for Trade

Recent global initiatives on debt relief and development assistance call for increasing aid for trade to the poorest countries. We apply a multi-country computable general equilibrium model to measure the effectiveness of alternative aid for trade categories. Our findings show that aid for trade policies expand trade and alleviate international income inequalities in the recipient countries, that will benefit mainly from aid for trade adjustment and technical assistance.     

Old Age and Poverty in Developing Countries: New Policy Challenges

Almost all developing countries are now experiencing demographic ageing. This paper examines the consequences of ageing for the poor. It assesses the extent to which the poor are participating in demographic ageing, or whether the process is largely restricted to relatively privileged groups. The paper observes that policy and research mainly focus on pensions programs, which have little relevance for most poor older people. It then describes livelihood patterns for poor elders, highlighting the importance of intergenerational exchange. Health policies are also found to largely ignore the needs of this group, and the expansion of private financing presents particular problems.