全球价值链框架下的黑龙江省亚麻产业发展研究

20世纪80年代以来,全球价值链的研究得到社会普遍重视。很多学者也把产业发展与价值链的发展相结合,为中国各产业的发展提供了指导与借鉴意义。黑龙江省独有的亚麻资源的发展,使得亚麻产业得到社会和学术研究群体的重视,目前,亚麻产业的发展正处于突破阶段,从全球价值链的角度来研究亚麻产业发展具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

Value-Added Erosion in Global Value Chains: An Empirical Assessment

In the period from 1995 to 2008, many countries experienced what we call the “value-added erosion.” It describes the decline in the sectoral shares of domestic value-added in a country’s exports as the country becomes more integrated into the global value chains (GVCs). We argue that the decline of the domestic value-added share in a country’s exports is likely to be caused by the expansion of high value-adding activities performed by foreign lead firms in the upper stream of the GVCs. The variables of interest — the domestic value-added share in exports and foreign high-skill labor embodied in a country’s exports (a proxy for foreign lead firms’ high value-adding activities) — are estimated using a multi-regional global input-output model. Using these results and other control variables, we apply a panel cointegration model to explain and assess the likelihood of value-added erosion and its possible determinants.     

自主创新与全球价值链嵌入产业升级

中国嵌入全球价值链的产业处于一种从属、被支配的地位。这需要推动产业升级以改善产业的价值链地位,提升产业竞争力。嵌入产业的升级离不开自主创新,自主创新促进产业升级,积极采取措施推动自主创新实施才能逐步市场化,从而全面打破全球价值链对中国的低端锁定。     

数字化转型提升了我国企业出口国内附加值吗？

数字技术的全面发展与企业运营的深度融合,已成为企业探索新增长机会和提升全球价值链分工地位的关键因素。本文基于中国上市公司数据和中国海关数据库,通过测算企业的数字化转型程度及其与出口国内附加值率的关系,验证了企业数字化转型对提升出口国内附加值率的影响及其作用机制。研究的主要结论包括:企业数字化转型显著提升了出口国内附加值率,主要通过优化人力资本结构、提高生产率和增强创新能力三个途径实现。针对不同类型企业的异质性分析显示,在非劳动密集型企业、一般贸易企业、国有企业及数字经济发展水平较高的地区,企业的数字化转型对提升出口国内附加值率的效果在统计学上显著。研究结论为推进企业的数字化转型和促进中国企业向全球价值链高端迈进提供了微观证据和决策依据。     

Explosive bubbles in the US–China exchange rate? Evidence from right-tailed unit root tests

In this article we apply novel right-tailed unit root (sup Augmented Dickey-Fuller (SADF) and generalized sup ADF) tests to the China–US exchange rate. The empirical results document that the recent financial crisis in 2008 may be preceded by early warning signs of exuberance. Using the SADF test, evidence of an explosive behavior in the nominal exchange is found from 2005 onwards. This period coincides with both financial reforms in China and early indications of an impending US crisis that both have been reported in the literature. Our findings suggest that such an explosive behavior may be attributable to differences in the relative prices of traded goods. Policy implications are also derived.     

Does participation in global value chains extend export duration?

This paper investigates the relationship between participation in global value chains (GVCs) and export duration based on a model of discrete‐time proportional hazards. The econometric analysis relies on the merged data of Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms (CASIF) database and Chinese Customs Trade Statistics (CCTS) database over the period from 2000 to 2013. Empirical results suggest that participation in GVCs could positively extend export duration and is robust to various specifications, including the samples with multiple spells, measurement error, and the alternative measure of participation in GVCs. Further studies based on heterogeneous variables demonstrate that the improvement of product quality, asset‐specific investment, and product diversity for enterprises participating in GVCs could positively extend export duration. This paper contributes to our understanding of how participation in GVCs affects export duration based on firm heterogeneity. Our results may have important implications for enterprises wishing to avoid export risks.     

也说“園(园)”

“園(园)”是风景园林学科的“元概念”之一。现有对“園”的解释主要基于“囗”与“袁”组合的象形认知,却存在谬误,且未能触及其本质。训诂是传统小学中用来对汉字进行追本溯源的方法,将训诂学用于厘清“園(园)”最为原始的音、形、义及其后世流变,揭示“園”源于“圓”“圜”,最初是与“祀天”功能相关的“自然空间”。从殷商至战国,“袁”逐渐代替“圓”“圜”中的“員”“睘”讹为“園”,继承并扩大其字义。简化字“园”亦有与“祀天”相关的“圓”“圜”的渊源,隐含了古人宇宙观、时空观的传承。“天人合一”“人与天调”始终是“園(园)”的基本内涵,是当今风景园林之“元”。     

基础设施互联互通对出口经济体参与全球价值链的影响

本文利用亚洲开发银行（ADB)提供的贸易增加值分解数据构建出口经济体的全球价值链参与程度模型,实证检验各经济体间基础设施互联互通水平对各经济体参与全球价值链的影响。实证结果发现：基础设施互联互通水平促进了出口经济体在全球价值链中的前向垂直专业化参与率以及垂直专业化深度。贸易双方之间的技术差距、制度质量差距等因素会影响物流质量、双边联通变量对全球价值链参与程度的边际影响。技术差距、制度质量差距的增加会降低物流质量对出口经济体在全球价值链中前向垂直专业化参与率的促进作用,但会提高双边联通对出口经济体在全球价值链中前向垂直专业化参与率的促进作用。而技术差距、制度质量差距的变化对物流质量、双边联通对出口经济体在全球价值链中垂直专业化深度的促进作用没有影响。     

Inequality and Income Distribution in Global Value Chains

Global value chains (GVCs), led by transnational corporations (TNCs), have reshaped the world division of labor over the past two decades. GVCs are pervasive in low technology manufacturing, such as textile and apparel, as well as in more advanced industries like automobiles, electronics, and machines. This hierarchical division of labor generates wild competition at the lower value-added stages of production, where low wages and low profit margins prevail for workers and contract manufacturers in developing countries. At the top of the hierarchy another kind of competition prevails, centered on the ability to monitor and control intellectual property rights related to innovation, finance, and marketing. We argue that GVCs have had crucial effects on income inequality and the appropriation of rents in modern capitalism.     

Opportunities for Smallholders from Developing Countries in Global Value Chains

The current policy debate on opportunities for African smallholders in agricultural markets focuses on the need for proper institutions at the market level or governance in the global value chain (GVC). Both discussions neglect insights from strategic management. We argue that successful inclusion of smallholders in GVCs requires the deployment of strategic resources and capabilities in the farming systems. The consequence of this argument is that the ‘inclusion’ of smallholders in GVCs only makes sense if they have the opportunity to create strategic resources.     

全球价值链下特色产业集群升级机理探析

特色产业集群是在特定技术、资源和市场条件下发展起来的经济组织,由于自身产业结构和功能的局限性,其发展表现出更大的锁定性和衰退风险,在全球经济一体化和价值片段化背景下,嵌入全球价值链是它更为重要的升级途径。本文通过提出问题,梳理文献,影响升级因素分析的基础上,构建了特色产业集群全球价值链下的升级机理框架。     

African farmers’ market organizations and global value chains: competitiveness versus inclusiveness

Abstract

This conceptual paper discusses the challenges smallholder producer cooperatives in developing countries face while trying to access agricultural global value chains. We assess the problem of competitiveness related to lack of commitment and improper selection. Prioritization of open membership over selection is generally taken for granted in the policy debate on farmers’ market organizations (FMOs). We argue that open membership may work in community-driven organizations, however, it becomes a major threat for entrepreneurial FMOs. Inclusion facilitates free riding, which forms a barrier for investments of members. This is one of the major reasons why so many of these organizations are so much resource constrained, i.e. are not able to compete in the market without external support. FMOs should take targeting and selection serious if entrepreneurial activities are intended. Otherwise, they miss the opportunity to create a committed member base willing to invest in a potentially competitive organization.     

地方产业集群国际化发展风险评价——基于模糊层次分析法的研究

跨区域实现国际化扩张是当前地方产业集群发展的必然趋势。国际化过程中的风险界定、风险识别、风险因素分析、风险规避等是地方产业集群风险管理的重要内容。采用模糊层次分析法对地方产业集群国际化发展过程中的主要风险进行定量分析,有助于地方产业集群采取有效措施预防、化解各种风险。     

略论全球价值链外包体系与中国产业升级的动态关系

全球价值链外包体系的形成是国际分工深化和经济全球化的必然结果。中国产业在国际分工的低层次地位使得寻求产业升级的路径变得更加迫切。通过对全球价值链外包体系的形成以及中国产业在其中地位的分析,提出在全球价值链外包体系中加速中国产业升级的措施。     

全球价值链嵌入与制造业转移 ——基于贸易增加值的实证分析

本文利用亚洲开发银行的多区域投入产出表(ADB-MRIO),依据出口贸易增加值分解框架,测算了中国制造业细分行业2000—2017年的全球价值链嵌入位置和国际产业转移情况,通过构建动态面板模型,实证分析了全球价值链嵌入位置对制造业国际转移的影响。研究发现:第一,价值链地位提升促进产业向外转移。劳动生产率提升、垂直专业化与研发投入的交互作用有利于产业向外转移,而过度投资和行业垄断则导致产业向内转移。第二,分行业类型检验结果表明,中低技术行业产业转移对于价值链嵌入位置提升的反应更为敏感。第三,影响机制检验表明,外商直接投资和中间品贸易是全球价值链地位提升作用于产业转移的主要渠道。