Export,FDI and firm productivity

Many empirical papers tested the theoretical predictions of Helpman, Melitz and Yeaple (HMY, 2004) which sorts firms at different internationalization states according to their productivity levels. While these papers ignore the fact, that the theoretical predictions of HMY only apply to firms that become engaged in market-driven Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), we apply a more precise methodology using a French firm sample with more than 110?000 observations. Our results show that firms with a broader investment strategy, reflecting a great importance of market-driven motives, show higher productivity levels than firms with less encompassing foreign investment strategies. We conclude that the methodology is well-suited to sort firms according to the importance of market-driven FDI.     

经济政策不确定性、FDI稳定性及研发投资密度 -基于资产专用性视角的研究

基于资产专用性衡量外商直接投资(FDI)异质性,在实物期权理论框架内探究经济政策确定性程度变化对FDI规模、稳定性及技术结构的影响机制,并采用制造业24行业外资企业数据进行验证。研究表明,经济政策确定性程度的下降对FDI规模存在抑制作用,并导致其高水平的波动,且受到资产专用性的正向调节。实证研究表明,2001年我国加入WTO后,可预期的政策环境中FDI呈现稳步增长态势;2008年金融危机后,政策不确定性的攀升引致制造业FDI增速下滑并伴随着波动性上升。进一步的研究发现,蕴含高水平资产专用性投资的研发密集型FDI对经济政策确定性程度更加敏感,一致、透明和可预期的政策环境的营造不但有利于提升FDI稳定度,对吸引高水平FDI更加具有针对性和有效性。     

分割生产、垂直型投资与产业内贸易

文章在Dixit-Stiglitz垄断竞争的框架下,分析了在产品的生产环节可以任意分割的条件下,跨国公司在国内外配置生产环节的决定因素,并分析了为分割生产而进行的垂直型投资对贸易和消费者福利产生的动态影响.研究结果表明,与对垂直型投资的传统研究不同,为分割生产进行的垂直型投资和贸易的动态关系始终是替代关系,跨国公司出于自身利益考虑的分割生产行为正好使消费者福利水平达到最大.     

FDI, Geographic Location and Their Impacts on the Pattern of Regional Economic Development in China

This paper states how the reciprocal matching of foreign direct investment （FDI） and geographic location generally determine the pattern of regional economic development in China by analyzing the co-relations among geographic location, FDI and regional economic development. Among various factors that affect FDI inflow into specific regions of China, it is believed that geographic location might be one of the most essential factors in shaping the overall trend of diversification in regional economic development in China. Examinations are followed for identifying the above judgment both with econometric models and data analysis.     

Knowledge,coordination and the firm: Historical perspectives

Abstract

This paper illustrates the problems and processes of developing economic knowledge by a selective historical treatment of ideas about the firm. Coase thought it necessary to explain firms as organizations, but not as distinctive productive units; neither did he explain why markets exist. Chamberlin's attempt to introduce product differentiation and selling costs is compared with Allyn Young's process theory and Marshall's treatment of the firm, and inter-firm relations, as means of organizing the growth of knowledge. The firm is a decision-making system in a context of Knightian uncertainty, and Simon's concept of quasi-decomposability applies to human brains and human organizations.     

Import to invest: Impact of cultural goods on cross-border mergers and acquisitions

Existing studies have demonstrated the necessities of formal institutions and negativity of cultural distance in international investments. Surprisingly, China’s exponential increase of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and its low-quality institutions and distinct cultural norms contradict these studies. This paper aims to tackle this puzzle by examining the role of cultural imports in cross-border M&As. Our empirical evidence suggests that the trade of cultural goods significantly increases the volume and realized economic gains of M&As from importing to exporting countries. Our results are robust to alternative measures and an instrumental variable approach. On exploring potential channels, we find that imported cultural goods could drive cultural convergence between countries and also mitigate the adverse effect of cultural distance on merger outcomes. We further show that cultural imports could help firms in overcoming contractual barriers at target countries. This paper provides practical implications for cross-border investments in the current world with intensified cultural conflicts.     

空间溢出、双向FDI与二氧化碳排放强度

基于文献综述发现双向FDI(外商直接投资和对外直接投资)对碳排放强度的影响可能同时具有"污染光环效应"和"污染避难效应".因此,选择2005—2017年中国30个省市(因数据缺失,不包括西藏地区和港澳台地区)的面板数据,通过莫兰指数(Moran's I)对中国外商直接投资、对外直接投资和二氧化碳排放强度的空间集聚特征进行刻画,并构建空间计量模型实证研究中国双向FDI对二氧化碳排放强度的影响效应.研究发现:中国二氧化碳排放强度与双向FDI都存在显著的空间正相关特征;中国双向FDI对本地区二氧化碳排放强度的影响效应均显著为正;中国双向FDI的空间溢出效应显著抑制中国二氧化碳排放强度增加.最后,提出了合理利用双向FDI的政策建议.     

汇率政策、FDI与经济增长

中央货币当局的汇率政策和资本管制政策的目标之一在于促进FDI流入中国,并且带来技术进步及全要素生产率的提高,从而促进经济增长。但是中央货币当局的汇率政策却会越来越受制于引进技术部门凸性生产函数的限制,从而使得汇率政策的作用下降。因此,中央货币当局应当审慎考虑自己的汇率政策,依据国民经济发展的不同状态和生产函数的具体特征而重新估计汇率政策的作用和代价。     

外资政策、国民利益与经济发展

本文通过建立经济模型对吸引外商直接投资政策的经济效应进行了分析。研究表明 :无论是限制外商直接投资还是对外商直接投资采取过多的优惠政策均不能使短期内国民利益达到最大 ;但从动态考虑 ,外资优惠政策能否提高国内居民的福利水平取决于外资企业对内资企业技术水平的影响。     

经济政策不确定性、会计稳健性与公司投资效率——中国A股上市的民营企业为证据

文章以中国A股上市的民营企业2014-2018年度财务报告数据为研究对象,探讨了经济政策不确定性、会计稳健性对公司投资效率的影响。文章实证显示,经济政策不确定性加重公司非效率性投资;会计稳健性在公司投资活动中具有治理作用,能够有效缓解企业过度投资,提高投资效率,然而会计稳健性对缓解公司投资不足的作用不明显;会计稳健性是对经济政策不确定性的一种谨慎反应,可以抑制经济政策不确定公司投资效率的负面影响。     

权力距离、不确定性规避对跨国公司总部知识转移的调节效应研究

目前有关跨国公司在华子公司的知识转移研究较少,尤其是文化的调节作用研究更少。本文从在华子公司的角度,分析跨国公司总部向在华子公司转移知识时,总部的知识传播意愿和知识转移渠道的丰富性对知识转移效果的影响,重点分析权力距离和不确定性规避的调节效应,建立相应的理论模型,为跨国公司提高跨文化知识转移效果提出相应的对策建议。本文通过对219家在华子公司的实证研究得出:(1)跨国公司总部的知识传播意愿、正式和社会化知识转移渠道对知识转移效果有正向影响,支持了知识转移意愿对知识转移效果有影响的观点;(2)权力距离和不确定规避只对总部社会化知识传播渠道丰富性与知识转移效果之间的关系起负向调节作用,表明权力距离和不确定性规避纬度上的文化差异是通过调节人际沟通从而对知识转移效果产生影响的。     

Distribution characteristics of China's key cultural relic tourism resources and suggestions to its development and protection

SPSS13.0 was used to process the data of the 1-6 batch of key cultural relic conservation units promulgated by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China; and multi-element evaluation method was used to calculate the composite distribution index.The spatial distribution of cultural relics of provinces in China can be divided into four grades,namely：very rich areas,rich areas,poor areas and very poor areas; the article analyzes the characteristics of cultural resources in spatial and temporal distribution.The paper holds that（1）the distribution of China＇s cultural relic tourism resources is relatively concentrated,different sharply from region to region,with more Han nation＇s heritage,less relics of the ethnic minorities; （2） Henan,Hebei,Shaanxi,Shanxi Province are the main regions with heavy distribution of cultural resources; （3） relics appeared in specific time periods in China＇s history.Ming and Qing Dynasties,Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,Song,Liao and Jin,the Western Han,Shang and Zhou dynasties,the New Stone Age are the major periods producing more cultural relics.This paper also analyzes relationships of the emergence of cultural relics with production technology,specific historical process,specific geographical location,political system,religion,national culture,customs,architectural styles and techniques of the traditional cultural educational system.Finally,the paper discusses the development and protection of heritage.     

Economic Integration and FDI: An Empirical Analysis of Foreign Investment in the EU and in Central and Eastern Europe

Recent evidence suggests that regional economic integration provides an important stimulus not only to trade, but also to FDI. In contrast, the available theory on FDI does not yet provide empirically testable propositions on the effects of concurrent trade and investment liberalisation. Moreover, given the limits of simulation models, which rely heavily upon parameter choice, in assessing the impact of such liberalisation, there is a need for empirical analysis to identify the principal features of FDI. This paper uses a gravity model approach to assess the impact of the deepening integration between the EU and the CEECs on FDI flows in terms of three key issues. First, we provide systematic estimates of the expected long-term level of FDI in the CEECs. Second, we investigate whether FDI in the CEECs, on the one hand, and source country exports and imports, on the other hand, are complements or substitutes. Finally, we enquire whether an increase in the attractiveness of the CEECs to foreign investors has affected the magnitude of FDI going to other European countries.     

Autocracy,Democracy, and FDI Inflows to the Developing Countries

Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between political regimes and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows to the developing countries for a sample of 134 countries over the 1983–2002 period. Using two categorical measures of regime type and three different measures of FDI, this study finds that, regardless of the measures of regime type, democracies are not significantly associated with either FDI in level or FDI as a ratio to GDP; democracy is positively related to a higher level of per capita FDI, but this result is not robust to alternative measures of political regime. Taken as a whole, there is no evidence of a systematic relationship between democracy and FDI inflows. This result suggests that being a democracy does not help attract higher levels of FDI.     

FDI、人力资本积累与经济增长

本文在一个两国内生增长模型中研究了发达国家FDI产业选择与发展中国家经济增长和技术进步问题。本文分析表明,发达国家FDI产业的选择依赖于发展中国家的技术能力和竞争能力,发展中国家技术能力和竞争能力越强,发达国家则倾向于将更多更先进的产业转移到发展中国家;FDI能否给发展中国家带来技术进步和经济增长依赖于发展中国家的人力资本积累,只有辅之以较快速度的人力资本积累,FDI才能给发展中国家带来技术进步和经济增长。因此,普及和改善教育、提高国民的人力资本水平应该成为发展中国家提高自身技术能力、吸引FDI、促进技术进步和经济增长的核心政策。     

Investment, uncertainty and irreversibility

This paper investigates the irreversibility of investments and the impact this has on the nature of the relationship between investment and uncertainty. The empirical analysis uses firm‐level data and is based on a survey of 210 rice‐milling firms in the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam, which was carried out during the year 2000. We show that uncertainty reduces investment of rice millers in the presence of irreversibility, as is predicted by the real options approach to investment. We do not find evidence that the negative association between uncertainty and investment is influenced by the degree of irreversibility.     

解构中国企业对外直接投资的创新效应*——基于速度、时间和经验的视角

本文基于2003—2016年中国A股上市公司数据，从对外直接投资的速度、时间和经验三个维度全方位刻画企业的对外投资动态决策图景，分析企业对外投资影响企业创新的内部机理。研究表明：（1）投资速度与企业创新存在倒U型关系但尚处于创新改善区间，积累投资经验和延迟投资时间分别表现出显著的激励和抑制效应。（2）与低质量非发明专利相比，高质量发明专利受到的激励和抑制效应更大，且因企业所有权、行业和投资动机的不同而呈现差异。（3）对外投资动态决策不仅影响研发强度，还促进研发效率改善，可通过收入、规模经济和生产率效应影响创新。进一步研究发现，不断积累投资经验有助于企业降低创新风险尤其是高质量创新风险。本文为企业通过“走出去”战略实现转型升级以及我国创新型国家的建设提供具有参考价值的政策建议。