Financing constraints and investment efficiency: evidence from a panel of Canadian forest firms

This article examines the financial constraint of 18 listed Canadian forest firms between 2000 and 2014 following the stochastic frontier approach. Empirical results support the observation that Canadian forest firms have a strong dependence of using both equity financing and debt financing as the coefficients of both equity and debt financing mean functions are significant at 1% level. The distribution of investment efficiency index (IEI) of all 18 firms demonstrates a loss of around 40% of the rate of investment due to financing constraints. Regional analysis demonstrates that the time-varying patters of IEI of three provinces are significantly different.     

Technology transfer and innovation performance: Evidence from Chinese firms

This paper explores the relationship between technology transfer activities and innovation performance with special reference to Chinese industrial firms. It is based on a recent nationwide survey covering 2334 Chinese industrial firms. The impact of technology transfer on their innovative performance was analyzed for all the responded firms and similar analyses also addressed the issue from perspectives of general industrial firms versus high-tech firms, and large firms versus small and medium firms. Several critical types of technology transfer activities were identified and both positive and negative impacts were discussed along with the Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The study revealed that the innovation activities in Chinese manufacturing firms could not be boosted substantially merely through the acquisition of key equipment and apparatus from abroad. The findings also suggested that Chinese firms should develop their technological absorptive capacity and transformative capacity, and foster technology transfer and communications among trading partners. Moreover, it would be crucial for Chinese firms to stress the nurturing of indigenous innovation capabilities so as to sustain their performance improvement.     

An evolutionary model of the size distribution of firms

An analytical study of the evolution of the distribution of firm size in an industry is presented. A drift-diffusion model is proposed to express the time-evolution of density of firm size within the industry. The model blends the conventional, more or less static, determinants with the kinds of dynamic considerations introduced by stochastic processes of evolutionary dynamics. The steady-state distribution as well as the dynamic behavior of the model are derived. Parameters in the resulting analytical expressions are then fit to a population of firms in the non-manufacturing service sector. The empirical portion of the paper validates the proposed evolutionary model.     

Patents, firm size and financial constraints: an empirical analysis for a panel of Italian manufacturing firms

The paper empirically investigates the issue of financial constraintsto investment, focusing on its relationship with innovationactivities. The study is based on the analysis of a cross-industriespanel of 804 Italian companies, observed through the years 1995–2000.The main objective of the study is to highlight whether thereare financial determinants underlying the strong bias of patentingactivity towards larger companies in the Italian economy. Byapplying a dynamic panel analysis, we found that only the firmsshowing lower financial constraints are able to keep a sustainedpatenting profile through time. Our evidence suggests the existenceof an imperfect capital market in the Italian economy, particularlyin the case of medium-sized companies, which tend to delay inefficientlythe start of in-house R&D activities.     

The industry life-cycle of the size distribution of firms

This paper analyzes the evolution of the distributions of output and employment across firms in U.S. manufacturing industries from 1963 until 1997. The firm size distribution changes significantly as an industry goes through stages of its life-cycle. The evolutions of the employment and output distributions also differ significantly, but display strong inter-industry regularities, including that the nature of the evolution depends on whether the industry is experiencing growth, shakeout, maturity, or decline. The observed patterns have implications for theories of industry dynamics and evolution.     

Financing,reputation and information disclosure quality in the Chinese market

In this article, we propose a theoretical model based on the reputation theory and hypothesize a positive relation between the information disclosure quality and the company’s refinancing decision. We collected data from the listed companies, which refinances in Shenzhen main board and SME board during 2006–2012, as a panel sample, and tested the hypothesis empirically. The results indicate that there exists a significant positive correction short-term relation between refinancing decision and the information disclosure quality, but in the long term the relationship between the information disclosure quality and refinancing decision is not significant.     

区域产业集群整体品牌的名称术语规范研究

“区域产业集群”概念清晰地揭示了产业空间集聚的“产业特性”和“地域特性”,是概括产业空间集聚现象的最适宜名称术语。将基于区域产业集群形成的集群整体品牌命名为“区域品牌”,具有明显的缺陷。“区域产业集群品牌”或“区域产业品牌”概念术语全面彰显了“区域”、“产业集群”（或“产业”）和“品牌”三大元素。     

所得税对中国上市公司融资结构影响探析

企业的融资结构是财务学领域的一个重要内容，而所得税对企业融资结构的影响则是引起各国学者广泛关注的问题，但其研究结论不一。通过实证分析中国上市公司的实际企业所得税率和考虑税竭耗的非债务税蔽（解释变量），可解释所得税对上市公司融资结构变量（被解释变量）的影响。     

The Regional and Industrial Effects of FDI on Chinese Manufacturing Sector

This paper investigates the regional and industrial effects of FDI on Chinese manufacturing sector since China entered WTO. We find that FDI plays a different role in the development of different areas and industries through a comparison with state-controlled industrial enterprises in China. More establishments of smaller foreign funded enterprises and less foreign capital with a high level of management should promote the competition to stimulate manufacturing growth in eastern area, while fewer establishments of foreign funded enterprises with a large capital should make a great stimulus to the western manufacturing development. Both foreign capital and the establishment of foreign industrial enterprises have a great effect on the whole manufacturing sector by industry.     

The effects of policy funds on the financing constraints of small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Korea

This study investigates whether small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) policy funds in South Korea are effective in reducing financing constraints faced by the SMEs. We find that investment-cash flow sensitivity decreases after public loans are granted, and furthermore that this decrease in the sensitivity is greater for younger and smaller firms. These results are consistent with the certification effects hypothesis.     

Chinese competition and product variety of Indian firms

Using detailed firm-product-year data across manufacturing industries in India, and exploiting the exogenous nature of China’s entry into the WTO in 2001, we investigate the link between the impact of import penetration from China on the product variety of Indian manufacturing firms. We find: (i) robust and significant effects of product drop, with the effect coming only from competitive pressure in the domestic market; (ii) robust evidence of product drop or ‘creative destruction’ only for firms belonging to the lower-half of the size distribution; (iii) firms drop their peripheral/marginal products and concentrate on the core ones; and (iv) the result is strongest for firms producing intermediate goods. For an average Indian manufacturing firm, a 10 percentage point increase in India’s Chinese share of imports in the domestic market reduces the product scope of firms by 1.7–4.4%. In contrast, we find positive effects on product scope when firms are importing intermediate goods. We also find evidence of significant productivity effects and within-firm factor reallocation. Our results are consistent to a battery of robustness checks and IV estimation.     

基于委托代理理论的非效率投资行为述评——以融资方式为主线

在现代财务理论体系下,由于委托代理冲突和信息不对称的存在,融资方式的选择将会影响到公司的投资效率。本文分别对新权益融资、内源融资和负债融资下,就委托代理冲突而导致的非效率投资问题进行了较系统的梳理和评论。在此基础上指出我国此类研究的不足主要在于忽视了我国资本市场特有的制度背景,对"完美资本市场"限制条件的不断放松为进一步的研究提供了思路。     

中国城市外向型经济发展研究

本文选取出口总额、实际利用外资、人均出口总额、人均实际利用外资、出口依存度、资本依存度等6个指标,采用主成分分析法,对中国35个中心城市外向型经济发展水平进行综合评价。根据综合评价值的大小,将城市划分为4种类型:外向型经济发达城市、外向型经济较发达城市、外向型经济不发达城市、外向型经济最不发达城市。从地域差异来看,中国城市外向型经济发展很不均衡,东部中心城市外向型经济发展水平大大高于中部和西部中心城市。     

中国投融资体制改革的回顾与前瞻

文章认为中国的投融资改革严重滞后，其原因不仅因为受到国资国企延误改革的拖累。而且还因为它既秉承了传统计划经济最核心的内容(即政府配置资源)，又在渐进改革过程中衍生出了许多与市场经济不相容的“特色”。投融资体制改革迫在眉睫。其根本措施是完善出资人制度，将投融资管理的重点从项目管理转向资本市场管理，从“投”转向“融”。文章指出，中国投融资改革的总体目标应该是：建立起针对出资人的资信评价体系，以资信等级为依据，实施对出贵人融资能力的宏观调控。放弃项目的行政审批，形成投资决策、资本决策、信贷决策三权鼎立，相互制约各负其责的投融资格局。严格金融监管、放松金融准入，严格市场清除、放松资本管制，培育财务投资者与战略投资者之间良性互动的资金供求机制。厘清企业制度，改善中小企业融资环境。     

The relationship between efficiency and profitability with respect to the size of firms: An empirical investigation for Austria

In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the performance of Upper-Austrian firms by size class. Considering the six derived hypotheses, why small firms have a better performance measure, some of the hypothesis with respect to profitability and labour cost efficiency are confirmed. On average, the gross residual quota (profitability measure) of small firms is higher than the one of medium-sized and large firms. However, a similar result could not be found for the productivity development. Considering the influence of the firm size on the productivity measure, there is in three out of four cases no statistically significant influence at all and in one case the opposite result is obtained indicating the larger the firm, the higher is the productivity. In the case of labour cost efficiency, the hypothesis (the smaller the firm the lower the labour cost per employee) is clearly confirmed.     

企业融资结构变动对公司治理结构的影响

企业融资结构的变动决定着融资企业的控制权在股东和债权人间的分配,决定着股东和债权人对融资企业的经营者的约束和激励的强度,这必然会影响到公司治理结构,具体表现为:激励效应、信息传递效应、控制效应;这种影响是通过激励机制、监督机制、外部接管市场以及代理权竞争实现的。我国上市公司的公司治理结构的变化验证了上述结论。     

郑汴一体化的区域产业优化研究

郑汴一体化是中原城市群建设的重要环节,郑州和开封的区域产业优化能够推动两个城市之间资源优化,促进中原城市群向纵深发展。但郑汴一体化的过程中依然存在产业低级化程度明显和高级化推动力量不足等问题。因此,试图从金融发展促进产业升级和高级化的角度,通过放开中小银行和非银行金融机构的限制,促进金融深化和自由化来为郑汴一体化的产业优化和聚集提供金融支持,促进郑汴一体化的区域产业优化。     

中国工业制成品的出口竞争力分析

工业制成品目前已经成为中国主要的出口商品。由于中国工业制成品方面的优势，使得中国的出口商品在国际市场占有一定的竞争优势，但是，中国的工业制成品还主要依托劳动力优势，自主创新能力差。如何充分发挥已有的优势，并致力于今後的长远发展，是本文所需探讨的问题。     

中小企业集群的融资优势和障碍分析

融资难是困扰中小企业发展的主要问题。但中小企业集聚成群后却可以形成与单个的中小企业截然不同的独特融资优势：增大中小企业的守信度,降低金融机构的融资风险,促使民间融资发展等。中小企业集群的融资优势十分明显,但目前还存在一些阻碍中小企业集群融资优势充分发挥的因素,如集群内部企业专业化分工不够深入,协作程度低;银行信贷政策和意识存在偏差,银企互动关系有待加强;中小企业集群的信用担保体系建设滞后;集群内服务中小企业的金融机构发展滞后等。为缓解中小企业融资难题,促进中小企业集群融资优势的发挥,我们应采取措施强化中小企业集群产业关联,建立诚信合作的集群文化;加快建设为中小企业集群服务的区域性中心银行,密切银企关系;完善中小企业信用担保体系,设立互助担保联盟;拓宽民营金融经营范围,加快民营金融机构的发展。