Panel unit root tests under cross section dependence with recursive mean adjustment

Utilizing recursive mean adjustment (RMA) we provide two unit root tests: the covariate RMA unit root test and the panel feasible generalized RMA unit root test. The proposed panel unit root tests are precise and powerful, especially when T > N.     

Re-examining the economic determinants of alcohol consumption in Canada: controlling for the presence of common correlated effects

Alcoholic beverages represent both an important source of revenue and a driver of expenditure for provincial governments in Canada. As a result, the pricing of alcoholic beverages has substantial public policy implications. In this context, we re-examine existing work estimating the demand for three classes of alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by controlling for common correlated effects. The results reveal that any conclusions regarding the government’s ability to influence alcohol consumption is sensitive to the assumption that the relationship between the demand for alcoholic beverages and economic variables is identical across provinces.     

Pooled Mean Group estimation on international capital mobility in African countries

This paper investigates the relationship between the savings and investment rates for 37 African countries over the period 1970-2006, using the recently developed Pooled Mean Group cointegration technique. Our results show that in the long-run, capital was relatively mobile in African countries, while, in the short-run, coefficients are not significant. However, there are marked differences in ratio retentions between country groups. The savings retention coefficient is higher in civil law countries than in common law countries. Furthermore, our results show that the Feldstein-Horioka coefficient is relatively lower in non-CFA than in CFA countries. These results have some policy implications.     

Are shocks to foreign investment in developing countries permanent or temporary? : Evidence from panel unit root tests

We examine the time path of foreign direct and portfolio investment in developing countries to test if shocks have permanent or temporary effects. Our findings indicate that shock effects are temporary. The results are robust to the strictness of balance of payment controls.     

Do hours worked contain a unit root? Evidence from panel data

The aim of the present paper is to provide cross country evidence of the non-stationarity of hours worked for OECD countries. For this purpose, panel unit root tests are employed to improve power against univariate counterparts. Since cross section correlation is a distinct feature of the underlying panel data, results are based on various second generation panel unit root tests, which account for cross section dependence among units. If an unobserved common factor model is assumed for generating the observations, there is indication for both a common factor and idiosyncratic components driving the non-stationarity of hours worked. In addition, taking these results together, there is no indication of cointegration among the individual time series of hours worked.     

国际金融危机背景下我国促进就业增长政策效应影响因素的实证分析

在2008年的次贷危机背景下,我国采取了一系列政策促进就业与经济增长,并取得了显著的效果。为了探寻政策实施效应影响因素及相互关系,在问卷调查的基础上,运用主成分分析提取了8个主要因素,并把8个因素分为政策因素与经济因素两个方面,运用典型相关分析方法分析二者之间的关系,提出了提高政府决策效率等相应政策建议。     

Does the Law of One Price Hold within the EU? A Panel Analysis

This paper empirically tests the law of one price by applying unit root tests to three panels consisting of data on 90 consumer price indices for the EU-25, the EU-15 and the 10 new EU member countries that joined the EU in 2004. The four major findings of this paper are: (1) panel unit root tests find evidence of price convergence for about 70% of all product groups, (2) the results are sensitive to the choice of the numeraire country implying that any conclusions must be based on all bilateral combinations, (3) the average half life across all product groups is 2.0 years, (4) the overall evidence for the law of one price is weaker in the 10 new EU member countries than in the EU-15.

Cyclical common factors in cointegrated systems

When working with vectors of time series which fluctuate regularly we may possibly want to consider the presence of common factors characterized by cyclical or seasonal behavior as well as trend. For example, Deaton89 provides a hint of a theoretical model where cointegration at the annual frequency may exist between consumption and income in addition to the usual secular cointegration. It is well known that a non-cyclical system cointegrated at frequency zero has a common trend (CT) representation Stock-Watson: 88. In this paper we show that a time series vector that is cointegrated at one or several frequencies simultaneously (e.g. seasonal data) has a common factors (CF) representation which belongs to a class of common factor models that encompasses many cointegrating situations found in the literature. We study these issues and extend the method proposed by Gonzalo-Granger: 95 to the estimation and testing of common factors which may combine trend as well as cyclical or seasonal characteristics. Two illustrative applications are also provided. JEL Classification: C10, C32, C50 Javier Fernández-Macho: Financial support from research group grant 9/UPV00038.321-13503/2001 of UPV/EHU is gratefully acknowledged by both authors and from research project BEC2003-02028 of Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología by the first author. We are also indebted to two anonymous referees for their helpful comments.     

PPP: Further evidence from Japanese regional data

This paper empirically analyzes Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) among Japanese municipalities from 1990 to 2003. Using panel unit root tests including one that considers cross-sectional dependence in the data (e.g., [Moon, H. R. and Perron, B. (2004). Testing for a unit root in panels with dynamic factors. Journal of Econometrics, 112, 81–126.]), we find evidence in favor of PPP, confirming the stationarity of relative prices in Japan and thus the long-run co-movement of municipal prices. Furthermore, the half-life of a shock is found to be about 2 years, which is faster than that of the international PPP. As in the European and US studies, short-term deviations from PPP can be explained by income differentials and distance between cities.     

改革以来中国农村发展地区差距分析

本文在扩展农业部门新古典经济增长模型的基础上,构建了基于农业生产率指数和农村地区劳动力就业结构的农村发展指标,以此来衡量农村发展水平及其变化状况.为了考察中国农村发展地区差距的变化趋势,我们采用面板数据单位根检验的不同方法对其收敛性进行了严格的计量检验.检验结果显示,在考虑了时间和省份特殊效应、序列相关等因素的影响后,中国各省农村发展差距以及东中西部地区农村发展的内部差距均存在条件性β收敛.     

产业集群与区域城市化进程关联的固定效应模型实证研究

改革开放以来,我国区域经济形成了各类产业的集群和周边城镇向城市的演进发展,产业集群的"城市化"效应凸显。产业集群与区域城市化进程存在互动影响关联,不同产业集群程度在其城市化进程水平上表现出差异,产业核心所在城区内外的集群平衡性差异导致其城市化进程与产业集群的非完全意义协同性发展。整体而言产业集群对区域的城市化进程有所推进。     

上海证券市场弱式有效性的统计检验

有效市场假说是现代金融理论中最重要也是最有争议的概念之一,其中研究最多、争议最大的是市场的弱式有效性。本文运用上证综合指数（2003年1月2日-2006年12月29日）日数据,对上海证券市场的弱式有效性进行了三种统计检验,序列相关性检验、单位根检验和随机游程检验,单位根检验得出上海证券市场尚未达到弱式有效,然而序列相关性检验和随机游程检验的结果显示上海证券市场已经达到弱式有效,由于单位根检验的必要而非充分性,本文认为可以认为上海证券市场已基本上达到弱式有效。     

安徽省居民消费、投资与经济增长关系的实证研究

运用协整理论,从长期和短期两个角度对安徽省居民消费、固定资产投资与经济增长之间的关系进行了实证分析。结果表明:三者之间存在着长期稳定的关系,居民消费、固定资产投资对经济增长均具有促进作用。政府应努力调整投资与消费比例,逐步形成\"消费主导型\"的经济增长模式,提高经济增长的质量。     

我国农用化肥施用的影响因素——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

我国农用化肥施用量不断提高带来的环境污染问题日益严重。研究化肥施用的影响因素及其影响程度,为防止化肥滥施、保护生态环境提供依据意义重大。文章采用1999～2008年我国31个省(市、区)的面板数据,通过面板单位根检验、协整关系检验和多元回归方法分别对国内东、中、西三大区域化肥施用密度与其影响因素之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,三大区域农民人均纯收入、人口规模对化肥施用密度具有显著的正向影响,三大区域化肥价格增长率、粮食种植面积比重、化肥产出效率对化肥施用密度具有显著的负向影响,三大区域种植产品生产价格、种植业劳动力数量、农产品国际贸易对化肥施用密度具有不同的影响效果或显著性。