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1.
中小企业创新问题研究——以江苏省为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文首先回顾了中小企业创新的相关文献,认为中小企业产权清晰,利润动机明确,具有强烈的创新动力,创新机制灵活,创新速度快、效益高。然后归纳了目前江苏省中小企业创新的现状,提出目前所面临的主要问题,包括创新资金投入不足,融资渠道不健全,创新设备、人才投入不足,创新动力机制不足,创新管理不完善,与外部的协作不够,宏观经济、产业环境有待进一步优化等。文章最后提出了相关的政策建议,以促进江苏省中小企业创新的发展,包括提高创新意识,建立中小企业自主创新的激励机制;建立健全创新支持服务体系,改变中小企业融资难状况;保护与激励自主知识产权,优化中小企业的创新环境;完善创新合作机制,实施有效的产学研合作等。 相似文献
2.
众包式创新是基于互联网交互作用快速兴起的一种多主体参与的合作创新理念和创新模式.它是指公司或其他组织将过去由内部员工执行的部分工作任务,以自由自愿的形式分包给非特定的、数量庞大的网络大众完成的一种创新模式.这种创新模式所呈现出的民主、平等、参与的理念及其汇集集体智慧的网络组织创新特点受到众多世界500强企业及创业企业的青睐,展现了无限的魅力.企业发布任务,参与者完成任务获得奖励的活动实际上是一种委托代理活动.本文基于委托代理理论对众包式创新激励机制进行了分析,探讨了企业应该如何进行激励机制的设计,使参与者更努力的完成任务,创造出更优秀的作品,以及不同激励机制设计对于众包式创新运行效率的影响. 相似文献
3.
The transformation of socio-technical systems to more sustainable states is more policy induced than market driven. Reflecting this, the potential for governments to direct system transformation has been widely debated. However, this debate concentrates on supply side policies and under analyses the potential for public buyers to steer system innovation. This paper draws from ideas on system innovation, transition management and public procurement to explore how a major public buyer was able to do just this. The paper describes the transformation of the Greater Manchester (UK) waste system from a relatively simple landfill model to a highly complex, multi-technology solution of intensive recycling, composting and energy production. The paper draws three main conclusions: (1) it is possible to orchestrate system innovation through public procurement in certain circumstances; (2) this involves developing the required interdependencies between technologies, institutions and practices; (3) system transformation can be orchestrated from within the incumbent regime. 相似文献
4.
不完全合同框架下公私合作制的创新激励——基于公共服务供给的社会福利创新条件分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
公私合作制作为一种有别于传统模式的公共服务供给机制,将基础设施项目的建设和运营同时交由一个公私合作制联合体负责.文章基于不完全合同框架分析了公私合作制更有利于激励基础设施项目建设及运营中增进公共服务供给的社会福利的创新的条件,并得出建设创新对于运营收益的外部性,创新的社会价值与经济价值之间的一致性,以及公共部门和私人部门的创新能力对比是重要的影响因素.此外,文章还指出政府在建立公私合作制时必须考虑包括缔约成本及合同风险在内的其他权衡因素. 相似文献
5.
《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2018,120(3):826-858
Disputes over penalties for breaching a contract are often resolved in court. A simple model illustrates how inefficient courts can sway public buyers from enforcing a penalty for late delivery in order to avoid litigation, thereby inducing sellers to delay contract delivery. By using a large dataset on Italian public procurement, we empirically study the effects of court inefficiency on public work performance. Where courts are inefficient, we find the following: public works are delivered with longer delays; delays increase for more valuable contracts; contracts are more often awarded to larger suppliers; and a higher share of the payment is postponed after delivery. Other interpretations receive less support from the data. 相似文献
6.
钟和平 《技术经济与管理研究》2011,(12):31-34
建立了技术工人利用企业冗余资源进行技术创新的委托代理模型,通过对模型的分析,得出了技术工人同时从事“生产任务”和“冗余创新”行动下的最优激励合同条件。一方面,企业可以按最优激励合同直接奖励技术工人的“冗余创新”成果;另一方面,企业可以根据技术工人的“生产任务”与“冗余创新”两行动的成本函数的相互依存性,通过优化对技术工人的“生产任务”的激励合同来间接激励技术工人的“冗余创新”绩效。 相似文献
7.
陈西川 《技术经济与管理研究》2015,(7)
“厅地协同创新”能够提供特定条件下探究培育技术创新的政策路径,有助于推动产学研合作和技术联盟升级、丰富区域经济社会发展路径,有利于创新型人才的培养和成长。“厅地协同创新”的模式对推动协同创新的演进和提升协同创新的实施效果具有重要作用。文章首先从“区域协同创新”的作用出发重点介绍了“区域协同创新”的构建模式;其次在构建模式过程中发现该模式国内外各有不同,国外协同创新的模式有:协议合作方式、立法合作方式、会议合作方式,国内“厅地协同创新”的模式有:协议合作模式、设立开发基金模式、中介模式、会议模式等;最后,研究得出这些模式对协同创新的演进和丰富协同创新的内容具有重要作用。 相似文献
8.
In the present study, regional visionary capability is seen as a crucial factor in building regional competitive advantage under the present techno-economic paradigm. Regions are considered as strongly path-dependent entities needing to create new, even radical, paths to stay competitive in a rapidly changing world. The Regional Development Platform Method (RDPM) is presented as an innovative tool in developing regional innovation systems. The RDPM consists of eight phases and the focus of the present article is on the fourth phase of the RDPM: the search for new regional development paths and building regional visionary capability. The RDPM has been tested in the Lahti (Finland) regional innovation system revealing the need to develop the fourth phase further. 相似文献
9.
Establishment and embedding of innovation brokers at different innovation system levels: Insights from the Dutch agricultural sector 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laurens Klerkx Author Vitae Cees Leeuwis Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2009,76(6):849-860
In the systems perspective on innovation, co-operation between several different types of actors is seen as key to successful innovation. Due to the existence of several gaps that hinder such effective co-operation, the scientific and policy literature persistently points at the need for intermediary organizations to fulfill bridging and brokerage roles. This paper aims to provide an overview of the insights from the literature on such ‘innovation brokers’, and to contribute to the literature by distilling lines of enquiry and providing insights on one of the lines identified. Taking as an empirical basis experiences with different types of innovation brokers that have emerged in the Dutch agricultural sector, it identifies a number of tensions with regard to the establishment and embedding of such organizations. The paper indicates that, despite being perceived to have a catalyzing effect on innovation, innovation brokers have difficulty in becoming embedded as their clients and/or financiers find it difficult to grasp the nature and value of their activities. 相似文献
10.
本文参考国内外有关创新影响因素的研究,结合调查问卷的结果,总结归纳出我国企业自主创新路径中的关键因素,这些关键因素包括管理层自主创新意愿、企业文化的创新程度、组织学习水平、创新投入水平、组织对创新的激励程度、技术机会能力和市场定位能力等。在确定了这些关键因素之后,本文进一步探讨这些因素之间的相互关系,认为在创新过程中,各要素从战略、组织行为和能力这三个层面形成一种彼此促进的机制,它决定着企业的创新方式和创新绩效,企业应根据自己的战略、能力和现有的技术状况,选取二次创新、集成创新和原始创新等适合自己的方式和方法,确保技术研发、新产品市场化以及后续发展这三个环节形成良性循环并最终完成自主创新。 相似文献
11.
郑琼洁 《技术经济与管理研究》2014,(9):32-36
文章根据1999-2011年中国37个工业行业的相关数据,首先基于SFA方法对技术创新效率进行测量,然后利用面板数据的系统广义矩估计(SYS-GMM),实证检验了中国政府在技术创新投入和知识产权保护方面的行为对技术创新效率的影响。结果显示,中国工业行业技术创新效率整体较低,其中政府投入行为对技术创新产生显著的负面影响,而政府产出行为对技术创新为不显著的正向影响。文章还探讨了除政府因素外,企业规模、企业研发支持、行业竞争程度、行业所有制结构、境外研发投入及企业自身业绩对技术创新效率的影响。 相似文献
12.
We empirically compare bids (i.e. prices) from temporary partnerships (TPs), that outsource part of the contract before the auction, and firms that outsource afterwards. Using a comprehensive dataset on procurement auctions for public works in Valle d’Aosta (Italy), we find that the timing of outsourcing affects the bids and the probability of winning the auction. Specifically, TPs bid closer to the payoff maximizing offer and are more likely to win. Hence, the price paid by the public buyer is lower. These results are supported by a simple theoretical setting showing that, by pre-committing to a TP, suppliers have a lower risk of being “held up” by subcontractors than firms that outsource part of the work after the bidding phase. Our results show the advantage for TPs of freely choosing partners, size and boundaries before the auction, highlighting their potential in fostering the effective participation in public procurement procedures of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). 相似文献
13.
随着全球社会问题日益严峻,社会创新成为了解决社会问题的重要途径。以往针对社会创新的研究大多聚焦于微观层面,较少从宏观政策层面出发。本文首先界定了社会创新的概念,进而以十八大以来颁布的科技创新政策为分析对象,从创新主体激励、社会利益增进、创新机制变革三个层面梳理了我国在促进社会创新方面的政策现状,最后提出存在的问题及未来展望,旨在为科技部门及其他部门进一步制定和完善相关政策提供思路。 相似文献
14.
基于市场激励型环境规制政策视角,以我国30个省区2003-2011年的数据资料为样本,采用面板数据分析模型,探讨环境规制对不同类型技术创新的影响。研究结果表明,不论环境规制变量是否受到内生性影响,其对技术开发、技术转化、绿色工艺创新和绿色产品创新都有显著的激励作用,但对其他控制变量的影响效果存在差异。进一步将30个省区划分为东、中、西部时,环境规制对不同类型技术创新的影响表现出较明显的区域异质性。政策建议是进一步促进环境规制对“创新补偿”诱导作用的发挥,实现保护生态环境和提高生产率的“双赢”。 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACTThe quality of public services is critically influenced by innovation and, ultimately, by advances in basic research, which however embeds the feature of a global public good. Two broad issues emerge. The first concerns the evaluation of the socio-economic impact of science. What are the benefits and spillovers that R&D investments, research infrastructures and big science can bring to society? The second concerns which type of institutions and policies are most suitable for supporting R&D activities. These topics discussed in this article represent the core of the special issue “Innovation and Public Services: from the lab to enterprises and citizens” 相似文献
16.
在市场竞争日益激烈和不断要求变化的环境中,如何有效进行创新和选择合适的创新方式成为企业关心的核心问题。文化作为影响企业行为的一个因素,对技术创新方式有着重要的影响作用。在借鉴前人的研究基础上,以129家企业层面的数据研究四种不同类型的企业文化:团队文化、层级文化、灵活文化和市场文化对于率先创新和模仿创新两种技术创新方式的不同影响。结果表明,企业的灵活文化越强,越倾向于选择率先创新;企业的市场文化越强,越倾向于选择率先创新;企业的层级文化越强,越倾向于选择模仿创新方式。企业若要更好地增强其创新能力,就需要结合自身的文化选择适合的创新方式,从而在市场竞争中强化以及维持核心竞争力。 相似文献
17.
张于喆 《经济理论与经济管理》2014,34(8):5
本文从创新资源、创新模式、创新主体、创新方向等方面进行分析,提出了可以有效理解、引导、评估中国特色自主创新道路的一般性分析框架。研究结果表明,选择创新资源配置的重点,必须遵从“两力原则”,即“有能力、有潜力”;创新模式的确定主要根据技术梯度和技术地位特征进行分解;大学-产业-政府三螺旋相互作用成为创新系统运行的核心。本文还从比较优势、定位原则等方面对技术推动还是需求拉动、产品创新还是工艺创新、大企业创新还是小企业创新、颠覆性创新还是渐进性创新、传统产业创新还是新兴产业创新、劳动节约型技术进步还是资本节约型技术进步等六个问题进行了回答。 相似文献
18.
Nina Geilinger Martin Woerter Georg von Krogh 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2020,32(6):653-665
ABSTRACTInnovative firms often involve customers in their product development to drive innovation outcomes. However, few have empirically examined how this division of innovative labour affects innovation performance. Drawing on prior studies and the knowledge-based theory of the firm, we theorise conditions under which customer codevelopment benefits innovation performance. By examining panel data from Swiss firms, we provide the first empirical account of the performance effects of customer codevelopment based on a large-scale survey sample. We find that a firm's absorptive capacity reinforces the relationship between customer codevelopment and innovation performance. We elaborate on the implications of these findings for the literatures on customer codevelopment and open innovation. 相似文献
19.
从知识管理的视角出发,将企业开放式创新能力分解为发明能力、吸收能力、转换能力、连接能力、创新能力和解吸能力,指出通过吸收能力、转换能力和连接能力来带动发明能力、创新能力和解吸能力的提升是中小企业实施开放式创新的有效途径。从企业内部合作、外部网络化、由内而外和由外而内合作三个方面揭示了连接能力所包含的主要内容及提升方法;从管理、组织内部、组织间和先前拥有的知识等方面分析了影响吸收能力的前因及其提升方法;对转换能力提升过程中,如何进行知识的保留、选择和激活进行了研究。 相似文献
20.
任何事物都是在不停的改变的,一成不变的东西是完全不存在的,事物都是在不断地变化发展着的,这就需要人们的思想也在时时刻刻跟进着事物的变化发展。当前中国正处于建设创新型国家的关键时期,强化自主创新意识、提高自主创新能力是重中之重。自主创新能力的提高,需要培养大量创新型人才。因为创新的主体是人,创新作为人有目的地控制和调节的活动,其实质是创新思维而科技创新就是创新思维的提出和检验。换句话说,创新思维引领科技创新。 相似文献