基于自组织的供应链系统动态协同

自组织供应链系统通过动态协同促进有序结构的形成。不同顾客需求、不同类型产品的企业对应不同类型的供应链,其动态协同还会受到供应链战略目标、顾客类型、流的类型、生产方式、供应商类型及供应商管理等各种因素的影响;供应链通过信息、文化与组织等载体协同和需求预测、采购、生产、库存等功能协同实现各类型供应链的有序结构,从而提升其核心竞争力。     

Purchasing's contribution to supply chain emission reduction

Does environmental purchasing and supplier management (EPSM) help to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the supply chain and, thereby, mitigate climate change? And, if so, under which conditions? Taking these two questions as a starting point, we hypothesize that heightened environmental protection efforts targeting the upstream value chain should lead to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the buying companies' supply chain. We continue to delineate three contingency factors that might affect the relationship between EPSM and supply chain GHG emissions: The power of the buying firm over supply chain partners, prior experience in EPSM, and materiality of environmental supply chain management in a certain industry. We collect longitudinal data from 260 companies and analyze them using hybrid panel data analysis. We find that the increase of EPSM leads to a significant reduction of the GHG emission intensity of buying firms’ supply chains and that this reduction is stronger for companies operating in industries where emission management is more material.     

Supplier Development Practices for Sustainability: A Multi‐Stakeholder Perspective

Supplier development for sustainability is a critical element of sustainable supply chain management and requires extensive multi‐stakeholder collaboration. This article establishes a conceptual four‐stage framework to analyse the collaborative mechanisms of supplier development practices, and presents an exploratory, qualitative analysis to identify the major contributors of sustainable supplier development practices, such as NGOs, industrial associations, consulting firms etc. Based on semi‐structured interviews about 63 organizations from different regions and industries, this article identifies three types of contributor: drivers, facilitators and inspectors. Instead of traditional stakeholder engagement processes, these contributors actively collaborate with buying firms and suppliers to design, implement and evaluate sustainable supplier development programs. The article then provides a matrix to describe the supply chain coverage and supplier performance of supplier development practices, given the absence or positive involvement of facilitators and inspectors. We conclude our study by suggesting future research directions as well as discussing managerial implications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

电子商务环境下供应链的构建研究

结合电子商务与供应链管理的协同发展，分析电子商务环境下供应链构建的类型和特点，对在电子商务环境下供应链构建中如何进行流程再造、企业协作和供应链虚拟集成等问题进行研究。     

供应链采购与传统采购的比较分析

采购作业是企业运营管理工作中的重要一环，在采购环节所形成的成本是企业生产成本的重要组成部分，是企业降低成本的重要领域文章运用比较的方法．分析了供应链采购与传统采购的不同特点,指出供应链采购能改进与供应商的关系，减少传统采购中许多不增值的作业,是企业降低成本、增加效益的重要方法。     

Supply chain integration mechanisms for alleviating supply problems in manufacturing firms

Suppliers are expected to reduce manufacturing firm supply risks by minimizing supply failures and by resolving supply problems, even those ones resulting from firm’s actions. Integration mechanisms may enhance interaction and collaboration in the firm supply chain, especially in the buyer-supplier interface, to reach these goals. Based on case studies in four North-American manufacturing companies in the electronic and aerospace industries, we analyzed the importance of integration mechanisms for manufacturing firms to address supply problems. We also explored some drivers supporting those mechanisms. Supplier commitment was found to be a key integration factor to address supply problems. This may be accomplished by trust and power mechanisms. Internal integration between purchasing and manufacturing groups also played a significant role in supplier collaboration at the problem solving process. Customer integration seemed more important to address supply problems for contract manufacturers than for Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) firms. Although supply problems might originate several stages upstream in the supply chain, surprisingly there was no integration beyond direct suppliers in the manufacturing firm supply chain.     

Effects of enterprise technology on supply chain collaboration: analysis of China-linked supply chain

Supply chain collaboration has received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners in recent years. However, our understanding of how enterprise information technology facilitates supply chain collaboration is still very limited, especially with regard to Chinese enterprise ownerships such as state-owned firms, joint-venture firms and local village-owned firms. This paper extends the theory established in enterprise information technology (IT) and supply chain collaboration literature and relates it with coordination in China-linked supply chain. Drawing upon an empirical study from 177 Chinese companies, we provide three major findings: (i) uncovered the importance of leveraging enterprise IT through supply chain collaboration; (ii) identified the relationship between enterprise ownership and enterprise technology use and supply chain collaboration in China-linked supply chain and (iii) illustrated effects of supply chain collaborative activities on operational and market performance.     

供应链环境下基于案例推理的知识共享框架研究

供应链管理（SCM）的核心是处于供应链各个环节的组炽机构之间的协同和一体化运作．随着供应链各个环节协同的不断深入，越来越迫切需要实现跨部门或跨组织的知识共享，从而更好地为供应链一体化协调运行提供知识支持服务。本文结合供应链条件下的知识共享问题．提出了一种基于案例推理（CBR）的供应链知识共享框架。     

供应链剩余与并购协同效益

供应链协调机制是介于企业外部的市场交易机制和企业内部的行政权威机制之间的一种中间机制。具有完全独立自主权的单个企业以牺牲一定的独立性和控制权加入供应链并遵循供应链的协调。必然要求获得某种额外的补偿。超出供应链形成前的单个企业收益总和的供应链剩余的形成并在参与企业间的合理分配。是供应链合作关系形成的前提。收入上升、成本下降、税负减少和资本成本的降低是企业并购产生协同效益的四个主要来源。这四个来源同样是供应链剩余的主要来源。但并购协同效益与供应链剩余在四个来源的具体实现方式上存在不同。这种不同正好体现了一体化的内部协同与供应链成员企业之间的合作协同之间的差异。     

基于电子商务的供应链协同管理

从探讨供应链协同管理的理论出发,在分析电子商务与供应链协同管理二者关系的基础上,提出了从重视供应链合作伙伴关系的建立和加强供应链软硬件基础设施的建设两方面来完善供应链协同管理,并考察了供应链协同管理中尚待解决的问题及我国企业的发展方向。     

The effect of cross-organizational governance on supply chain resilience: A mediating and moderating model

This study examines the effect of a novel antecedent, namely cross-organizational governance (which can be further divided into contractual and relational governance), on supply chain resilience. Additionally, it explores the mediating and moderating effects of supply chain collaboration and institutional environment, respectively, on the relationship between cross-organizational governance and supply chain resilience. Accordingly, a research model, together with four hypotheses, is constructed based on institutional theory. These are further tested based on data collected from a single-respondent survey of 358 Chinese manufacturing companies. The results reveal that contractual and relational governance have significant positive effects on supply chain resilience; supply chain collaboration plays a partially mediating role and institutional environment plays a moderating role in the effects of contractual and relational governance on supply chain resilience. This study enriches the understanding of the relationships between cross-organizational governance, supply chain collaboration, supply chain resilience, and institutional environment. It also provides a reference for supply chain managers’ decision-making activities.     

基于激励机制的工程供应链合作绩效系统模拟研究

有效的激励与合作管理是提高工程供应链合作绩效的关键。根据工程供应链激励与合作过程中已验证的相关结论,基于模型分解方法和定性数学,构建了激励与合作绩效的定性模拟系统。通过模拟,对工程供应链合作中的沟通时机与激励作用问题进行了研究,论证了持续有效沟通的重要性,以及激励机制对提高供应链合作绩效的显著影响。     

物流信息系统对供应链合作效应分析——以韩国报关企业为例

分析了物流信息系统对供应链合作绩效的影响,发现物流信息系统对供应链内部合作和供应链间合作的服务以及费用绩效都有较大影响,指出供应链合作是提升供应链绩效水平的充要条件。     

Supply chain collaboration and eco‐innovations: An institutional perspective from China

This study explores the impact of supply chain collaboration on eco‐innovations in the context of 220 Chinese manufacturing supplier firms involved in global supply chain networks. It investigates how supplier and customer collaborations help firms to enhance product eco‐innovations, and/or process eco‐innovations, and how the institutional context (i.e., regulatory, market, and community pressures) influences these relationships. The structural equation modeling approach is used to analyze the data captured from medium and large manufacturing enterprises in three major sectors: automotive, electronics, and textiles. The results show that community pressure has a positive effect on supplier collaboration, which further leads to enhanced process eco‐innovation. On the other hand, the findings indicate that while market pressure enhances customer collaboration, this does not reinforce product eco‐innovation. Contrary to our expectation, regulatory pressures do not impact supplier or customer collaboration for innovation. Overall, different institutional factors indicate divergent effects on supply chain collaboration and product/process eco‐innovation. The importance of normative pressures, such as those applied through the local community and interest groups, for eco‐innovations in production processes is further discussed as a typical feature of the institutional environment of Chinese supplier firms.     

Supply chain collaboration: Impact on collaborative advantage and firm performance

Facing uncertain environments, firms have strived to achieve greater supply chain collaboration to leverage the resources and knowledge of their suppliers and customers. The objective of the study is to uncover the nature of supply chain collaboration and explore its impact on firm performance based on a paradigm of collaborative advantage. Reliable and valid instruments of these constructs were developed through rigorous empirical analysis. Data were collected through a Web survey of U.S. manufacturing firms in various industries. The statistical methods used include confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (i.e., LISREL). The results indicate that supply chain collaboration improves collaborative advantage and indeed has a bottom-line influence on firm performance, and collaborative advantage is an intermediate variable that enables supply chain partners to achieve synergies and create superior performance. A further analysis of the moderation effect of firm size reveals that collaborative advantage completely mediates the relationship between supply chain collaboration and firm performance for small firms while it partially mediates the relationship for medium and large firms.     

An empirical study of the impact of e-business technologies on organizational collaboration and performance

The use of e-business technologies between supply chain organizations has been thematic in recent literature. Organizational collaboration, the foundation of supply chain management, has been enabled by the development and use of e-business technologies. Organizational collaboration and information sharing, in turn, are expected to improve organizational performance. We propose and test a model of the relationship between organizational use of e-business technologies, organizational collaboration, and performance, using empirical data. Our model differs from past studies in that collaboration is viewed as two unique constructs, differentiating between intra- and inter-organizational collaboration. Our findings show that use of e-business technologies impacts performance both directly and indirectly by promoting both measures of collaboration. Intra-firm collaboration is also found to have a direct impact on organizational performance. However, the impact of inter-organizational collaboration on performance is found to be only indirect, through the impact of intra-organizational collaboration. These findings reveal the complexity of organizational collaboration, underscore the importance for companies to promote internal collaboration, and invest in information technologies that facilitate it.     

随机需求下基于增量返利合同的供应链协调

基于单个制造商和单个零售商组成的两级供应链进行研究,比较了分散决策与集中决策对供应链利润的影响,分析了供应链协调的重要性,建立了增量返利激励的供应链合作模型。最后通过数值算例说明了所建立的协同机制可以使分散的供应链系统达到了和集中式供应链系统相同的绩效,系统实现了帕累托的改进,实现供应链成员的利益共享。     

模糊优选法在绿色供应链合作关系评价中的应用

绿色供应链管理综合考虑了制造业供应链中的环境影响和资源优化利用,它既可以满足国际社会提出的越来越高的环境要求,又有能有效地降低环境成本,取得经济竞争优势。实施绿色供应链管理合作关系评价是最需要关注的问题之一,协调稳定的合作关系可以达到提高效率,缩短周期,实现源头控制的目的。针对绿色供应链制造商与供应商合作伙伴关系,建立评价指标体系,应用模糊优选法进行定性定量分析,实现对合作伙伴关系客观、科学、准确的评价。     

One crisis,different paths to supply resilience: The case of ventilator procurement for the COVID-19 pandemic

This research explores supply resilience through an equifinality lens to establish how buying organizations impacted differently by the same extreme event can strategize and all successfully secure supply. We conduct case study research and use secondary data to investigate how three European governments sourced for ventilators during the first wave of COVID-19. The pandemic had an unprecedented impact on the ventilator market. It disrupted already limited supply and triggered a demand surge. We find multiple paths to supply resilience contingent on redundant capacity and local sourcing options at the pandemic's onset. Low redundancy combined with limited local sourcing options is associated with more diverse strategies and flexibility. The most notable strategy is spurring supplier innovation by fostering collaboration among actors in disparate industries. High redundancy combined with multiple local sourcing options is associated with more focused strategies and agility. One (counter-intuitive) strategy is the rationalization of the supply base.     

服务供应链视角下企业协作的内涵与机理研究——以成都神钢为例

制造业与服务业的联系与协作愈来愈紧密,这导致服务供应链受到人们的关注.本文以服务供应链的协作内涵与协作机理为理论基础,以成都神钢所领导的服务供应链为研究对象,运用单案例嵌入武研究方法,探索并讨论了成都神钢及其上下游企业的运营及协作状况.通过对成都神钢服务供应链上构成企业的运营分析,勾画出了它的服务供应链模型,从纵向、横...