Ethnic Fractionalization,Governance and Loan Defaults in Africa

We present a theoretical model of an imperfectly competitive loans market that is suitable for emerging economies in Africa. The model allows for variation in both the level of contract enforcement (the quality of governance) and the degree of market segmentation (the level of ethnic fractionalization). The model predicts a specific form of nonlinearity in the effects of these variables on loan default. Empirical analysis using African panel data for 110 individual banks in 28 countries over 2000–08 provides strong evidence for these predictions. Our results have important implications for the conditions under which policy reform will enhance financial development.     

Public Governance and School Performance

Abstract

According to the New Public Governance paradigm, this paper analyses the institutional and organizational conditions that can lead to an improvement in student learning (a typical co-produced outcome) by acting on the promotion of genuine collaborative relationships. The distinctive features of Italian distributed governance and the challenges for school management are discussed by examining TIMSS and INVALSI data. The results show that collaborative public management supports schools in improving student learning, confirming the research hypothesis for primary schools (IV grade) and schools that operate in socially and economically poor contexts.     

Explaining Differences in Economic Performance Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the USA

A bstract . By utilizing self-reported race and ancestry in the 1980 and 1990 USA censuses and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, the extent of wage discrimination experienced by women and by men is examined across 50 ethnic/racial groups. Systematic evidence of negative discrimination is revealed in both census years for Asian, Indian, black (African-American), Vietnamese, Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican , and Native American males. To assess the charge that the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition indicates cultural rather than discriminatory differentials, two additional data experiments are performed—one that controls for color and varies culture, and one that controls for culture and varies color. Race appears to matter.     

高职院校教师绩效管理问题对策研究

做好教师的绩效管理是师资队伍建设和高职院校人力资源管理的重要环节,是学校实现战略发展目标的关键。本文通过对当下高职院校教师绩效管理的现状进行分析,提出目前高职院校在绩效管理过程中存在的问题,并针对性地提出了改进高职院校教师绩效管理的对策。     

关于哈尔滨市中学教师绩效考核的实践与思考

对学校教师进行科学的绩效考核是教育人事制度改革的重要内容之一。本文以教育制度改革为背景,主要研究哈尔滨市中学教师绩效考核制度存在的问题,为哈尔滨市中学教师绩效考核制度的顺利实施提出一些参考和建议。     

民办高职院校教师绩效考核模型构建

构建民办高等职业教育教师绩效考核模型需要我们从民办高等职业教育教师绩效考核管理的理念入手,以其是公开、公平、客观的,是否与民办高职院校管理理念、战略发展相一致为原则。     

The Effect of School Size on Exam Performance in Secondary Schools

This paper investigates the relationship between school size and the exam performance of school pupils in their final year of compulsory education. Previous studies of this relationship have been seriously constrained by lack of appropriate data, but the publication of the School Performance Tables for all publicly-funded schools in England since 1992 permits the construction and testing of a multivariate model which includes school size as one of the explanatory variables. After controlling for factors such as type of school, teaching inputs and eligibility for free school meals, the partial effects of school size on exam performance are estimated. The primary result is that there is a non-linear relationship (in the form of an inverted-U) between school size that maximizes the exam performance of schools is estimated to be about 1,200 for 11–16 schools and 1,500 for 11–18 schools. These estimates are considerably higher than the current mean size of schools.     

中职德育课成绩评定体系的构建

本文对构建多元的中职德育课学生成绩评价体系进行了探索,力图建立较合理的中职德育课学生学业评价体系,帮助学生健康成长,达到德育课的教学目的。     

Rent Paying Ability and Racial Settlement Patterns

A bstract . Based on the belief that the major remaining hurdle to integration is economic , the proposition has frequently been advanced that if minority households could afford decent housing outside their current communities , many would move from their ghettoes into society at large. Evidence from two housing allowance demonstration projects and the recently completed Experimental Housing Allowance Program raises doubts as to the validity of this contention. While recipients of housing allowances frequently moved to better neighborhoods , only rarely were they able to break free of traditional settlement patterns . Findings suggest that while it may be necessary to increase the rent paying abilities of low-income minority households as a precondition of integration, that segregation is not likely to be eliminated until the social, psychological, and remaining legal issues associated with it are addressed as well.     

Market Structure and Racial and Gender Discrimination:

The Annual Equal Employment Opportunity Reports and Current Population Survey files are used to examine employment and earnings by race and gender in the telecommunications industry following changes in the industry's affirmative action guidelines and following the divestiture of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Nonblack minority men were the only underrepresented group to experience marked employment gains as managers and professional. The relative employment probability of other underrepresented workers remained similar to the levels experienced during the implementation of affirmative action guidelines. Earnings differentials did decline for minority men and white women in the telecommunications industry. However, this finding is only unique to black men as the earnings pattern for white women and nonblack minority men mirror that found for these groups nationally.     

Racial harassment: Case characteristics and employer responsibilities

This article examines the socio-business issue of racial harassment in the workplace. For two decades, the federal judiciary has been defining and refining the elements of the offense within the parameters of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. The Supreme Court’s decision to hear arguments for the first and only time on one of the important aspects of the developing doctrine focused considerable attention on this workplace problem in 1989. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 provides limited money damages to victims of discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, whereas Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 provides unlimited damages to the victims of discrimination and race harassment. The authors discuss the legislative and judicial foundations of race harassment with respect toPatterson v. McLean, provide a profile and analysis of racial harassment cases (1971–1987), and conclude with a discussion of employer liability and recommendations for management.     

Racial discrimination in the Boston housing market

Recent studies suggest that price differentials between what whites and blacks pay for housing are largely a function of changes in supply and demand in the two submarkets. These studies, however, estimate models that assume a unified housing market. As a result, imputed prices of housing attributes cannot vary with location, and the analyses obscure important racial price differentials. Based on a more realistic and complex housing market theory, the model described in this paper indicates that housing prices are substantially higher in the ghetto and transition areas than in white areas, and that within the same area blacks must pay more than whites for equivalent housing.     

Racial prejudice and residential segregation: The Yinger model revisited

Yinger's model of racial prejudice in the housing market is the first rigorous alternative to Bailey's early work. It is important both because his specification of racial prejudice is intuitively plausible and because it has been adopted in much empirical work but never before been subjected to rigorous theoretical examination. However, his derivation of equilibrium conditions rests in part on inappropriate analyses that significantly affect his conclusions. This paper derives what I regard as the appropriate equilibrium conditions. Yinger's original finding that the white community has strong incentives to foster seller discrimination against blacks remains strongly supported.     

Gender and Racial Discrimination in Pay and Promotion for NHS Nurses

For many years the NHS has been subject to allegations that gender and racial discrimination are a feature of the internal labour market for qualifiednurses. This paper examines this issue with regard to the promotion process using 1994 survey data. We start by rejecting the assumption of covariate exogeneity inherent in the ordered probit model. A full simultaneous modelis then developed which has important consequences for estimates of the influence of gender, ethnicity, training and career interruptions. We findevidence of significant differences in speed of promotion between gender and ethnic groups, which imply large differences in career earnings.     

Racial prejudice and racial residential segregation in an urban model

Two simple models of racial prejudice and household location predict that the black area in a city will be of the shape that minimizes the length of the black-white border. This note provides a way to test these models by showing, for a variety of assumptions about urban structure, that in a city with a population more than about 10% black, the black-white border will be shorter if the black area is wedge-shaped than if it is circular.