探析天津市失业保险的新突破

天津市政府决定,在领取失业保险金期间的失业人员,其医疗保障纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险制度。这是失业保险的新突破,这一新制度的制定能够改善民生,切实解决百姓最关心的利益问题。本文阐述了失业保险新突破的特点,新制度的经验与启示,同时提出继续扩面,使更多的从业人员得到失业保障;完善调整政策,做好衔接与服务等需要研究和关注的问题。     

论构建就业导向型失业保险制度

在经济飞速发展、产业更新换代频繁的今日,失业者越来越需要得到关注。失业保险制度是保障失业者权利的基础,实现失业者再就业是失业保障的最根本目的,在分析各界学术研究的基础上,以失业不可避免理论和工资粘性理论为基础,通过实证研究发现现行的失业保险制度存在失业保险金支付激励性不足、促进就业项目缺乏、就业培训缺乏针对性等问题,并提出相应的解决措施,促进就业导向型失业保险制度的建立。     

新疆城镇反贫困中的失业保障制度安排

随着“八七扶贫攻坚计划”的完成,新疆农村绝对贫困人口问题已基本解决,而城镇贫困人口问题又日趋严重,职工失业型贫困人群已构成新疆城镇贫困阶层的主体。本文分析了新疆失业保障制度与反贫困之间的关系,认为当前新疆失业保障制度主要存在覆盖面窄、区域收支不平衡等问题,从而未能对新疆城镇贫困人口提供充分的保障。因此,只有健全就业机制,完善现有失业保障制度,才能加快新疆城镇反贫困的步伐。     

新中国60年失业保险发展的历程及思考

新中国成立以来,我国失业保险的发展历程是曲折的,中间经历了新中国成立初期的失业救济、计划经济时期统包统分的传统就业政策,到20世纪80年代中后期的待业保险制度、下岗职工基本生活保障制度以及现行的失业保险制度的演变过程。重新回顾60年来我国失业保险的发展历程,总结其经验、教训,对我们缓解失业风险、促进就业有着积极的意义。     

Unemployment and Labor Market Institutions: An Empirical Analysis

The development of the unemployment rate differs substantially between OECD countries. In this paper we investigate to what extent these differences are related to labor market institutions. In our analysis we use data of eighteen OECD countries over the period 1960–1994 and show that the way in which institutions interact is important. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 2001, 15(4), pp. 403–418. Department of Economics, CentER, Tilburg University and Institute for Labour Studies (OSA), The Netherlands. © 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E24, J68.     

我国失业保险制度与就业联动机制研究述评

我国的经济体制改革和发展方式转变,尤其是国际金融危机的发生,对我国就业产生了直接影响,并对存在设计缺陷的失业保险制度形成倒逼机制。国内学者对我国失业保险制度与就业联动方面的研究尚处于感性认识的起步阶段。如何在借鉴国外先进经验基础上,使失业保险制度由保障功能为主转向促进就业和预防失业,建立适合我国国情的失业保险制度与就业联动机制,仍任重而道远。     

我国保险业竞争力诊断指标体系及其应用

我国保险业近年来获得了快速的发展,2004年底全面放开我国保险市场后,外资公司大举进入,与中资公司展开全方位的竞争,提高竞争力已经成为我国保险业目前急待解决的问题。因此,如何客观地诊断和评估我国保险公司的竞争力需要进行深入研究。本文在建立我国保险业竞争力指标体系的基础上,应用数理统计中的因子分析方法,结合我国保险市场的实际数据,对竞争力进行了实证分析,并分别对我国的财险和寿险公司进行了竞争力比较和排名。论文最后还提出了相关的对策建议。     

Unemployment risk and buffer-stock saving: An empirical investigation in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to investigate, using micro data, the strength in Japan of the precautionary saving motive. While numerical simulations suggest the economic importance of precautionary saving, the empirical evidence is mixed. In this paper, we apply the buffer-stock saving model and focus on the effect of unemployment risk on wealth accumulation. We find that uncertainty has a positive and statistically significant effect on the wealth-to-income ratio, and that buffer-stock savings account for 6 or 15 percent of net financial assets. Housing loans and expenditures associated with children decrease this ratio.     

Unemployment Dynamics, and Propagation of Aggregate and Reallocation Shocks in the Netherlands

This paper models the propagation at the macro level of four types of shocks using the SVAR approach. Time series data for the Netherlands on job creation, job destruction, the number of vacancies and labour supply are used to identify aggregate demand and supply shocks, and reallocation demand and supply shocks as different sources of unemployment dynamics. Each of these four types of shocks appears to have at least some influence on unemployment both in the short and long run. The long run influence of the aggregate labour supply shock is estimated to be very limited. It indicates that additional labour supply is almost fully absorbed by labour demand in the long run.     

日、美失业保险制度比较及其对我国的借鉴

日、美两国在建立失业保险制度、解决失业售货员再就业方面取得了不少成功经验。根据我国目前存在大量失业人员下岗职工的实际情况，我们应对日美两国失业保险制度的建立和发展历程、适用范围、运作机制，待遇标准、支付期限及资金筹措等方面进行分析比较，借鉴其成功做法，采取有效措施，从而建立和完善我国失业保险制度。     

Modeling Energy and Development: An Evaluation of Models and Concepts

Most global energy models are developed by institutes from developed countries, focusing primarily on issues that are important in industrialized countries. Evaluation of the results for Asia of the IPCC/SRES models shows that broad concepts of energy and development, the energy ladder and the environmental Kuznets curve, can be observed in the results of the models. However, improvements can be made in modeling the issues that underlie these concepts, like traditional fuels, electrification, economic structural change, income distribution, and informal economies. Given the rapidly growing importance of energy trajectories of developing countries for global sustainability, the challenge for the future is to develop energy models that include all these aspects of energy and development.     

An Explanation of the Dynamics of Protectionism

Trade policy has been the rule during this century. Traditional theories, however, fail to provide convincing explanations about why the nature of trade policy has changed over time and about why protectionist pressures have not always been successful. This article suggests that change in the nature and intensity of protectionism depends on the deviation of economic performance from expectations, on the demand for institutional change, and on the size of the existing distortions. This view is then applied in order to shed new light on the role of trade policy before and after World War II.     

An Alternative for Time Series Models

Two methods for construction of new stochastic processes with discrete time are presented. One of the methods employs as the defining tool “triangular （more specifically ＇pseudoaffine＇） transformations” which are extended from the Euclidean R^n to infinite dimension space. They transform any well-known discrete time stochastic process into the constructed one. The other more flexible method is the “method of parameter dependence”, extended to infinite dimension. Properties of the obtained stochastic processes （by either method） indicate the possibility to apply them for financial analysis, as an alternative for the classical time series models. The advantage of the presented models over the existing ones first of all relies on expected better accuracy. This follows from the fact that the typically held assumption on Markovianity in the existing models can easily be relaxed. The defined processes may incorporate a quite long memory including, among others, the k-Markovian cases for k _〉 2. Regardless the non-Markovianity of the models they still are tractable in an analytical or numerical way. The stochastic processes defined in this paper provide more flexible and more general tools than the existing time series models for modeling financial problems. Among others, they make it possible to incorporate the influence of environmental （explanatory） random variables on the underlying stochastic models＇ behavior. These additional features turn out to be describable by the method of parameter dependence. Some suggestions for an associated preliminary statistical analysis are included.     

我国发展“绿色保险”的经济学分析

本文从经济学的角度阐述了在我国发展绿色保险不仅有利于环境外部不经济的内部化和分散风险补偿损失,而且有利于社会可持续发展目标的实现和拓宽我国保险业的发展空间。