大买家中联重科

不管外界有多大关于时机和价格的质疑，中联并购CIFA，都将极有可能比肩当年联想收购IBM之经典案例。 西方人做并购，往往都是写写算算的。但在中国不同，关键是人心。除了利益，还有面子，以及各种关系。兼通中西的并购者不多，詹纯新算得上是一个。     

Buyer Power,Transport Cost and Welfare

Manufacturers produce substitute products and sell to consumers in a linear city through competing retail stores. A low cost store obtains large market share by selling at low prices. Assume that a big retailer may exert buyer power by demanding wholesale discounts from manufacturers. The model identifies exclusionary effects of buyer power against competing retailers. It is also found that certain level of buyer power of a discount retailer may maximize social welfare, while that of a regular price retailer may maximize total consumer surplus. Nevertheless, excessive buyer power hurts both consumers and society.     

世界大型跨国公司竞争性投资的技术进步效果分析

世界大型跨国公司具有显著技术优势,吸收500强大型跨国公司投资是我国促进技术进步和产业升级的重要措施。但是大型跨国公司投资既有促进技术进步的作用,又有技术垄断的负面影响。吸收大型跨国公司的竞争性投资有利于营造竞争环境,打破技术垄断,并将我国国内产业竞争推进到国际竞争的前沿。     

An Anonymous Buyer of Intangible Property

In a market for ideas, an intermediary often masks buyers’ information that is not to be exposed to the public. This article shows that such obscuration plays an important role in removing excess inertia because it prevents the emergence of a bandwagon effect among buyers. This model applies to outsourcing-type R&D competition. Although innovation is spurred, welfare implications are ambiguous because the competition among buyers becomes harsher than it is in the absence of the intermediary.     

Durable Goods Monopoly,Buyer Uncertainty,and Concurrent Selling and Renting

Stylized durable goods monopoly models typically conclude that monopolists prefer to rent their output due to commitment problems associated with sales. However, we commonly observe monopolistic firms in durable goods industries simultaneously selling and renting output. To address this apparent discrepancy a simple two‐period asymmetric information model is constructed where buyers are uncertain of the good's durability and the firm's manufacturing costs. This is a natural asymmetric information specification since the firm typically has more precise knowledge of product durability and production costs than buyers do. The analysis indicates that a monopolist may wish to concurrently sell and rent output when buyers do not have perfect knowledge. If, for example, consumers believe that product durability and manufacturing costs are higher than they truly are, the firm may wish to simultaneously sell and rent output. Thus buyers' expectations about firm costs and product durability are of critical importance in durable goods models, particularly in terms of explaining concurrent rentals and sales.     

中国外商投资制度改革:从外资“三法”到《外商投资法》

《中华人民共和国外商投资法》取代原有外资"三法"成为现今我国外商投资管理的基础性法律。本文从国民待遇原则、外资促进和保护、竞争中性、国家安全审查及配套措施五个重要问题出发,探析了《外商投资法》的实施对我国经济发展的影响。     

Corporate Identity,Ethics and Reputation in Supplier–Buyer Relationships

Multi-national corporations (MNCs) have been criticised for not behaving ethically in some situations, which could have a negative effect on their reputation. This study examines the ethics of a large MNC in its relationship with its suppliers. A brief literature review of corporate identity, business ethics and buyer–supplier relationships is undertaken. The views and perceptions of the buying staff and the suppliers to a large South African MNC are obtained and discussed. The results indicate that this MNC has a good corporate reputation among both its suppliers (an important stakeholder) and its own buying department. The existence and implementation of formal codes of ethics was found to be a necessary, but not sufficient condition for good ethical practice. Candid relationships with suppliers emerged as a second and important factor. Ethical perceptions of buyers by suppliers are driven by the management of corporate identity, through the elements of ethical standards and candid relationships. We present a model of corporate identity/reputation in Buyer–Supplier Relationships. Michael Bendixen is a Professor of Research Methodology and Statistics at the H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business at Nova Southeastern University, Florida. His research interests include business ethics, governance and culture. His articles have appeared in the European Journal of Marketing, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business Research, Journal of International Business Studies and Journal of Marketing Management amongst others. Russell Abratt is a Professor of Marketing at the H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business at Nova Southeastern University, Florida. His research interests include corporate identity management and business ethics. His articles have appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Business and Psychology, European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Management, Industrial Marketing Management, and Business Horizons amongst others.     

零售商买方势力理论研究述评

随着零售业集中化趋势不断增强和大型零售商不断涌现,零售商买方势力日益突出.买方势力问题已经受到了理论界和产业界的高度关注.文章梳理了买方势力理论研究的主要成果,从买方势力的内涵、形成因素、经济效应和政府规制等几个方面系统地阐述了买方势力理论的研究进展,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

近代浙商的三大转变与启示

在中国近代社会制度变迁中,浙商顺时而为,成功实现了由旧式金融业向近代新兴金融业的转变、传统商业资本向近代产业资本的转变、旧式商帮到近代企业家群体的转变。浙商的三大转变表明,在社会转型、制度转变的特殊时期,商人必须自我超越与突破发展,金融资本与产业资本必须实现良性互动,审时度势大胆进军新兴产业,才能保持持续发展的活力。     

An Empirical Investigation of Components of Industrial Buyer Motivation

Motivation of industrial buyers has been virtually ignored in the marketing and purchasing literatures. This empirical void is surprising given the critical role organizational purchasers play in their firms. This paper reports the results of a study that explored the impact of individual and organizational characteristics on three expectancy model components of industrial buyers' motivation. Findings reveal that personal factors have a greater impact on buyer motivation than do organizational variables. Implications of the study are also offered.     

Organizational Buyer Behavior of Caribbean Food and Beverage Importers

Abstract

This paper examines the behavior of Caribbean importers with respect to the purchase of branded food and beverage products manufactured in the Canadian province of Ontario. The determinants of the import purchase decision are identified, and the import response of buyers to changes in the importance rating of key purchase criteria is quantified. The study is based on personal interviews with forty-eight Caribbean food and beverage purchasing executives. The results indicate that price and requests from local customers are the most important decision criteria used by Caribbean importers. Also, firms with a recent history of importing Ontario food and beverage products place a higher level of importance on brand image and package design. A one-unit decrease in the importance rating of the packaging design variable was found to increase the odds of a firm importing from Ontario by thirty percent.     

Coupon Usage and Frequent Buyer Club Participation by Lower,Middle, and Upper Social Classes

Abstract

More than 75% of households belong to at least one frequent-buyer club program and over 90% of these households use their cards almost every time they shop. Presently, customer-loyalty efforts are a major promotional priority for 56% of marketers. However, marketing scientists have not compared the social class participation levels of frequent-buyer club members to those of coupon-users and “ordinary” customers. By performing this comparison, it was found that the coupon-user (p < 0.01) and frequent-buyer (p < 0.01) groups had lower social class standings than did the “ordinary” households. Moreover, because there were no significant (p < 0.20) differences between the upper, middle, and lower social class standings of coupon-users and frequent-buyers, managerial substitutions of frequent-buyer promotions for coupon efforts seem rational.     

Too Small or Too Big to Survive: Foreign Direct Investment and Divestment in Breweries

The paper focuses on both the economic and noneconomic multilateral relationships inside and outside the TNCs’ own business networks in the processes of the firms’ internalization on the example of foreign direct investment and divestment in breweries in the UK and Poland. The mode of TNCs’ entry in breweries in the mature economy of the UK and transformation economy in Poland is less country specific and more associated with the international environment of network relationships. The paper presents both structures of the international networks connections as well as the ways they have been created. The system analysis is used.     

小食品大市场——休闲食品的市场攻略

目前,我国休闲食品的市场容量已超过300亿元,然而相对于中国巨大的人口基数和市场需求来说,这只是沧海一粟。几块钱一包的薯片或者糖果,相对于单位产品的利润,这片市场显得过于贫瘠。对于休闲食品来     

Small Luggage,Big Diplomacy

Luggage is always something very ordinary in the daily life,but sometimes,maybe you don't believe,it plays unusual role in the diplomatic affairs. Sponsored by Beijing Oriental Sunshine Public Relations and Shanghai Diplomats Group,the"Diplomat Luggage Series Party and Product Introduction"was held on July 12th 2007 at Beijing Duty Free Shop for diplomatic missions and promoting the"Diplomat"brand.This activity attracted diplomats from Bulgaria, Belarus,Kuwait,etc. The diplomats gave high praises to the party,and the luggage exhibited as well.Some diplomats bought the luggage,some others got a luck draw.They said the China-made luggage would accompany them to travel across the world.The activity was in a leisure,happy and exciting atmosphere. The worldly renowned Diplomat Luggage Corporation,a senior traveling goods manufacturer,was founded in 1971 China,developed in the United States,marketing throughout Asia,the Middle East, Europe,the Americas,Africa,Australia and so on around the world.It has been there for 35 years of brilliant history. By right of its rich professional technique and product experience,Diplomat Luggage has been constantly absorbing the world new trends and information for over 35 years,and has never stopped to produce luggage that well meet the needs of customers. During the party China's Foreign Trade interviewed Harris Huang,CEO of China Head Office, Diplomat Luggage Corporation.The following are his comments. By Editor     

Buyer profiles: an empirical investigation of changing organizational requirements

Many authors have commented that the profile of the industrial buyer must change if purchasing is to adapt the increasingly dynamic and complex contexts in which firms operate. This exploratory, empirical study examined and compared the trait profiles of current top performers and of ‘ideal’ buyers for the future. This approach links buyer traits with perceived managerial satisfaction with role performance. Based on cluster analysis, we present a taxonomy of five ‘ideal’ types of buyer. We propose that future research should seek to match the identified trait clusters with a typology of purchasing contexts.     

Buyer Attitudes and the Continuity of Manufacturer/Retailer Relationships

Abstract

This research focuses on the delisting (or unbuying) of products and what in the attitude of the buyer might lead to a delisting of all the supplier's products, thereby ending the relationship. A del-isted product is defined here as one which was still being sold by other retailers. The decision to delist therefore involves a purposive action by the retail buyer. Using confirmatory analysis of a model of delisting behaviour, both cognitive and affective components of buyers' attitudes were found to correlate with the ending of the relationship by the retail buyer. Of the antecedent factors, frequency of contact was found to be the most salient. The practical and theoretical implications are discussed.     

电子商务交易中买卖双方诚实行为的博弈分析

电子商务交易中买卖双方不诚实行为已经成为制约电子商务发展的一个重要因素。运用博弈方法对电子商务交易中买卖双方的诚实行为进行分析,建立电子商务交易监管模型,为政府监管电子商务交易提供理论支持。     

Small Pictures, Big New Year

The Spring Festival, China‘s traditional lunar new year,has a history of a thousand more years, in the meantime, the influence of its cultural and tradition has beenglobally appreciated, for instance, in America, Briton,Australia, New Zealand, the Asian countries, etc., wherever the Chinese people live, the sounds of the Chinese gongs and drums of the Spring Festival celebration can be heard. Why? Because it is hard to find any history or culture of a nation or a nationality in the world can be compared with China‘s Spring Festival.……