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技术创新、知识溢出与贸易竞争 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《世界经济研究》2014,(9)
将技术创新、知识溢出范围、经济增长与产品竞争之间建立起理论联系,这是产品创新模型在贸易与增长理论中的一个重要扩展。在南北贸易框架下(北方创新-南方模仿),发展中国家的技术进步和经济增长取决于知识溢出的范围,知识国际溢出有效地剔除重复研究以降低创新成本,而知识国内溢出不利于产品创新和长期增长。南北贸易框架忽视了发展中国家大国也有高技术部门从事技术创新的事实,本文通过刻画高技术部门创新与低技术部门模仿对两部门产品的相对价格和相对成本的影响发现,知识的国内溢出对发展中国家的技术进步与产品竞争同样具有重要的促进作用,这对于理解和调整贸易竞争政策具有重要含义。 相似文献
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The question addressed by the paper is whether standard proceduresand widely accepted insights of competition policy remain validwhen one deals with potentially anti-competitive conduct ininnovative industries. The question of appropriateness arisesbecause competition in these industries displays features thatare radically different from those encountered in traditionalsectors of the economy. Competition is for the market ratherthan in the market, dynamic aspects of competition matter morethan allocative aspects, intellectual property rights (IPR)reinforce network effects present in knowledge-based industries.The paper examines why these differences matter with respectto market delineation, assessment of intensity of competition,and predatory conduct. It also raises the question as to whatextent competition law limits the innovators' rights not tolicense their inventions to others, especially when they correspondto essential facilities. It explores the problem created byexcessive protection as well as the hold-up problem that arisesin a context of sequential innovations. It examines the antitrustposition in regard to the treatment of collaborative arrangementsamong holders of IPRs, such as cross-licences, patent-pools,and joint-standard settings. Finally, it presents a discussionon a possible role of competition law in shaping intellectualproperty laws in order to benefit from the complementarity betweenintellectual protection and antitrust rules. 相似文献
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本文使用世界银行在中国开展的投资环境调查(Investment Climate Survey)的数据,主要研究了法律环境、金融体系等制度因素以及政治关联对企业创新活动的影响。在控制了一系列影响创新的因素后,本文得出了以下几个主要结论:(1)良好的法律保护制度(以法律对合同的维护来衡量)以及高效的金融体系能够促进企业的研发活动,随着转轨过程的进行,金融体系对企业经济活动发挥着越来越重要的作用;(2)被动形成的政治关联程度弱化了企业创新的动机,CEO不是由政府直接任命的企业较CEO由政府任命的企业更倾向于进行创新活动,国有制的所有制形式阻碍了企业的创新活动;(3)企业主动建立的政治关联正向影响企业研发活动。此外,我们还发现企业的规模与企业的创新活动正相关。 相似文献
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竞争、所有权与中国工业行业技术创新效率 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文认为市场竞争和所有权是影响中国工业行业技术创新效率的关键。基于1995年工业行业普查的数据实证分析显示,市场竞争倾向于提高国工业行业技术创新效率,国有所有权倾向于降低技术创新效率;国有所有权和市场垄断实际上降低了工业行业技术创新的有效性,非国有所有权和竞争市场的结合促进了企业技术创新效率的提高。因此,有效的所有权变革和市场竞争能够提高工业技术创新效率。 相似文献
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Political business cycle (PBC) theory and empirics typicallyassume that elections are competitive. Yet, as empirical workon PBCs turns increasingly to developing countries for evidence,this assumption becomes untenable. We propose and test two empiricalhypotheses regarding PBCs: first, we should only see cycleswhen elections involve multiparty competition; secondly, weshould see larger cycles in founding elections.Using a new indicator of multiparty competition and macroeconomicdata from Africa, we find strong support for our first hypothesisand moderate support for the second. These findings have implicationsfor democratic transitions and the compatibility of economicand political reform in nascent democracies. 相似文献
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The Impact of Political Competition on Economic Growth: Evidence from Municipalities in South Africa
Nonso Obikili 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2019,87(1):3-21
This paper examines the impact of political competition on economic growth. In this paper, I show that internal political dynamics, distinct from the type of political system, can having different effects on growth. Using results from the 1994 and 1999 elections in South Africa, I show that municipalities with higher levels of political competition have shown lower levels of economic growth. I use individual level surveys to show that this political competition is associated with political paralysis, dissatisfaction with the current democracy and government and lower optimism about the future. 相似文献
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<正>一、企业核心竞争力问题的提出我国国有企业的改革,从分权让利、两权分离到建立现代企业制度,已经探索了20多年,但仍未找到一条终极的解决方案。于是中央提出,国有企业要有所为有所不为,要有进有退。更有学者提出,国有企业改革的出路在于民营化、股份化。但民营 相似文献
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文章基于沪深两市 2009-2015 年度 A 股上市公司数据,探讨了产品市场竞争与企业技术 创新的关系,以及混合股权对二者关系的调节作用。文章发现,产品市场竞争与企业技术创新存 在倒 U 型关系;不论在高市场竞争行业还是低市场竞争行业中,企业混合股权配置对两者“关系” 均具有正向调节效应;进一步研究发现,产权性质会对混合股权的调节效应产生影响,相对于低 产品市场竞争,在产品竞争程度较高时,在国有企业中,混合股权的调节效应并不显著。 相似文献
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基于业绩反馈理论和企业行为理论,以2015—2022年中国沪深A股上市公司为样本,运用OLS基准回归模型探讨市场竞争调节下,业绩期望落差持续性与范围性对企业开放式创新的影响。结果表明,业绩期望落差持续时间与涉及范围逐增致使企业创新开放动机与能力失衡,一致降低开放式创新绩效,强烈的外部市场竞争能够有效抑制其负向作用。机制分析发现,研发投入在业绩期望落差持续性和范围性对企业开放式创新的作用关系中发挥显著遮掩效应,主效应的部分影响被抵消。以上结论为推动业绩困境企业进行科学创新开放决策,打破“无知开放、盲目开放”陷阱提供经验借鉴。 相似文献
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In this paper the macro-economic interactions between high-tech innovation (telecommunications), growth and trade are analysed at the macroeconomic level. Cointegration and innovation accounting based on vector autoregression techniques have been used to estimate empirically the trade and growth dynamics in the Australian context. The paper reviews the high-tech innovation induced policy regime shifts such as the deregulation of telecommunications and the liberalisation of trade and also quantifies trade and growth dynamics. 相似文献
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创新、企业规模和市场竞争:基于中国企业层面的面板数据分析 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
本文利用2001~2005年中国规模以上工业企业构成的面板数据,运用Tobit模型考察了影响中国企业创新活动的因素。以研发密度衡量创新活动,我们发现企业的创新与规模、市场竞争之间均呈倒U型关系,一定程度的规模和市场竞争有利于促进企业创新;与其他所有制企业相比,国有企业具有更多的创新活动,并且这种相对优势伴随企业规模变大而更加显著;国有企业的创新效率较低,私营企业的创新效率较高。我们特别区分了市场势力和市场集中度,发现后者可能不适合作为衡量市场竞争程度的指标。 相似文献