现代化支付系统灾备建设迫在眉睫

一、应用系统建设取得重大进展，灾备系统建设相对滞后 近年来，为适应我国经济金融改革发展要求，中国人民银行加快了支付清算系统建设步伐，系统建设取得重大进展。2005年6月，完成大额支付系统在全国的推广运用，大额支付系统直接连接1500多家金融机构，涉及6万多个银行分支机构，系统日均处理跨行支付业务45万多笔，金额达7000亿元，每笔业务不到1分钟即可到账，实现了跨行资金清算的零在途，加速了资金周转。     

支付系统知识连载之二:清算账户管理系统

清算账户管理系统(SAPS)是支付系统的核心支持系统,通过集中存储清算账户,处理支付业务的资金清算,并对清算账户进行管理。 一、账户设置 1.系统设置的会计科目 根据支付系统业务处理的需要,清算账户和特许账户集中摆放在国家处理中心,为保证会计核算     

浅议我国中央银行支付清算体系的建立与发展

中央银行的支付清算服务是指:中央银行作为一国支付清算体系的参与者和管理者,通过一定的方式、途径提供支付清算业务,维护支付系统的平稳运行,使金融机构之间的债权债务清偿及资金转移顺利完成,从而保证经济活动和社会活动的正常进行。一、建立支付清算体系的意义支付清算体系是一个国家或地区对伴随着经济活动而产生的交易者之间、金融机构之间的债权债务关系进行清偿的制度安排,是由实现支付指令传送及资金清算的专业技术手段共同组成的,用以实现债权债务     

大额支付系统运行现状及存在的主要问题

大额支付系统是南中国人民银行总行开发并推广，以现代计算机和通讯网络技术，高效安全地办理银行问资金汇划和实时清算的现代化资金清算应用系统。该系统是我国银行间资金汇划的主渠道，是中央银行履行支付清算职责，改进支付清算服务的重要手段。它的有效运行满足了日益增长的社会经济活动的需要，解决了银行间的跨行支付清算问题，特别是解决了中小金融机构通汇难的问题。同时，也有利于商业银行控制支付风险和经营风险，并借助支付系统随时掌握其分支机构的头寸变动情况，灵活调度和筹措资金，从而提高了资金的流动性和使用效率，增强了支付能力和盈利能力。     

中国人民银行大额支付系统建成

7月25日，中国人民银行大额支付系统建成仪式在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。中国人民银行行长周小川出席仪式并讲话。他说，今年6月，中国人民银行大额支付系统顺利完成在全国的建设和推广应用，是中国现代化支付系统建设取得的重大进展，是我国支付结算体系发展史上的一个重要里程碑。同时，他还提出了我国支付结算体系建设的总目标。     

国际主要银行大额支付系统的比较与思考

本文通过比较和分析目前国际上不同类型大额支付系统的优劣,对我国大额支付系统的改进和发展提出意见和建议。     

支付清算系统的模式与发展

本从国际上通用的支付清算模式思路出发，结合我国及我省支付清算实际情况，对支付清算模式与发展进行探讨及分析。     

加快二代支付系统建设 改进央行支付清算服务

中国现代化支付系统是我国重要的金融基础设施。中国人民银行自2000年开始研究建设第一代支付系统,近年来相继建成了大额实时支付系统、小额批量支付系统、支票影像交换系统等应用系统。大额实时支付系统采用逐笔发送贷记支付指令,实时全额清算资金,资金汇划不到一分钟即可到账;通过连接各银行业金融机构行内支付系统、中央债券综合业务系统、     

加强中央银行支付清算系统应急管理的思考

随着现代化支付系统的推广运用,我国中央银行支付清算业务对计算机、网络等相关电子设备及技术支持的依赖程度越来越高,最大限度地保障各大应用系统安全、正常、稳定运行的任务也越来越重。本文结合中央银行工作实际,就如何有效处     

信息化与支付清算系统建设

信息化是在电子化的基础上，利用各种信息技术，对电子化系统所产生的各种信息进行进一步的组织、管理和深层次的加工和利用，以实现管理的信息化和决策的科学化。支付清算系统是在一定的法律法规的约束下，由合法的金融机构或金融组织向社会各类经济主体提供支付工具、支付方式并负责组织支付工具的清算交割的组织机制的概括，分支付和清算两个层次。根据默顿和博迪对金融体系功能的定义，支付清算服务是金融体系的重要组成部分和核心功能之一，提供高效率和安全的各种商品、服务和资产交换的支付清算服务是支付清算系统的目的。     

Payment system settlement and bank incentives

In this article, we consider the relative merits of net versusgross settlement of interbank payments. Net settlement economizeson the costs of holding non-interest-bearing reserves, but increasesmoral hazard problems. The 'put option' value of default undernet settlement can also distort banks' investment incentives.Absent these distortions, net settlement dominates gross, althoughthe optimal net settlement scheme may involve a positive probabilityof default.     

Payment obligations,reserve requirements,and the demand for central bank balances

We develop a model in which a bank's demand for reserves depends on the joint distribution of transactions, reserve requirements, and the interest rate. By devoting resources to its liquidity management, a bank can save on costly reserves required to settle its payments on time. We test the model with data from the largest banks in the Swiss Interbank Clearing system. We find that the turnover ratio (the speed with which a bank turns over its reserves in the payment system) depends largely on the aggregate value of its payments. We also find that reserve requirements impose a highly uneven burden on the banks.     

Learning and the central bank

It is well known that sunspot equilibria may arise under an interest rate operating procedure in which the central bank varies the nominal rate with movements in future inflation (a forward-looking Taylor rule). This paper demonstrates that these sunspot equilibria may be learnable in the sense of E-stability.     

法国中央银行信用评级体系的现实意义

本次金融危机暴露了现有国际评级体系的诸多缺点,为此,各国纷纷减少对三大国际信用评级机构的依赖,考虑逐步建立自己的评级体系。其中,法国中央银行信用评级体系以其悠久历史、26万家国内非金融企业的覆盖面、评级结果的客观有效而广受关注。文章考察了该评级体系的发展经验,比较了其与国际评级体系的差异,并介绍了其独特的基于专家评估的分析方法,以期为我国评级体系建设提供借鉴。     

Optimal central bank transparency

Should central banks increase their degree of transparency any further? We show that there is likely to be an optimal intermediate degree of central bank transparency. Up to this optimum more transparency is desirable: it improves the quality of private sector inflation forecasts. But beyond the optimum people might: (1) start to attach too much weight to the conditionality of their forecasts, and/or (2) get confused by the large and increasing amount of information they receive. This deteriorates the (perceived) quality of private sector inflation forecasts. As a result, inflation is set in a more backward looking manner resulting in higher inflation persistence. By using a large scale panel data set on the transparency of central banks we find empirical support for an optimal intermediate degree of transparency at which inflation persistence is minimized. Our results indicate that while several central banks would benefit from further transparency increases, some already have reached the optimal level.     

Technical analysis and central bank intervention

This paper extends genetic programming techniques to show that US foreign exchange intervention information improves technical trading rules' profitability for two of four exchange rates over part of the out-of-sample period. Rules trade contrary to intervention and are unusually profitable on days prior to intervention, indicating that intervention is intended to halt predictable trends. Intervention seems to be more successful in checking such trends in the out-of-sample (1981–98) period than in the in-sample (1975–80) period. Any improvement in performance results from more precise estimation of the relationship between current and past exchange rates, rather than from information about contemporaneous intervention.     

Interbank market liquidity and central bank intervention

We develop a simple model of the interbank market where banks trade a long term, safe asset. When there is a lack of opportunities for banks to hedge idiosyncratic and aggregate liquidity shocks, the interbank market is characterized by excessive price volatility. In such a situation, a central bank can implement the constrained efficient allocation by using open market operations to fix the short term interest rate. It can be constrained efficient for banks to hoard liquidity and stop trading with each other if there is sufficient uncertainty about aggregate liquidity demand compared to idiosyncratic liquidity demand.     

International coordination of central bank policy

This paper surveys the current state of the literature on international monetary policy coordination. It relates recent policy discussions to the lessons from the literature. It proposes several avenues for future research.     

Financing decisions of firms and central bank policy

This paper aims to explain why unhedged foreign borrowing by South East Asian corporations rose sharply during the few years prior to the crisis despite little change in fundamentals. We show that decisions of firms and decisions of the central bank are complementary. Consequently, a small shock to fundamentals may have a large and permanent impact on the equilibrium composition of firms’ borrowing.     

澳大利亚的支付清算系统

支付系统的研究文章,多是从监管者、建设者和运营者的角度出发来研究系统设计、机构安排和风险管理的。本文从消费者使用支付清算服务的心得开始,多角度地观察、评述澳大利亚的支付清算系统,为这项研究增加了一些人文关怀的色彩。对我国支付清算系统的建设也有一定的借鉴意义。