有效市场假说与分形市场假说之争

作为现代金融理论基石的有效市场假说越来越多少被实践证明不符合现实，而建立在非线性动力系统之上的分形市场假说，利用流动性和投资起点很好地解释了有效市场假说无法解释的各种市场现象。通过定性分析和定量分析表明，有效市场假说只是分形市场假说的一种特殊情况，有效市场只是在某个特定时段才可能出现。但由于分形市场假说在数学建模上的困难，有效市场假说仍具有现实的参考和指导意义。     

基于分形理论的资本市场非线性研究框架

基于资本市场的复杂性与非线性特征,提出了一个研究资本市场的非线性分析范式.该研究范式主要理论假说有:有限理性人、分形市场假说与分数布朗运动.它不同于基本有效市场假说的线性分析范式.资本市场的非线性分析框架为研究资本市场提供了一个新的视角.     

三种资本市场假说介评

西方金融投资学的主流观点是以有效市场假说为基础 ,以均衡、线性思维、标准计量模型优化求解为主要特征的。它们受到广泛的实证检验,是现代资本市场理论的基石。协同市场假说尤其是分形市场假说等新的更为广义的非线性理论的出现 ,为资本市场研究和投资策略设计开创了一种新视角和新方法 ,并可能重新构造资本市场理论框架     

有关分形市场假说的理论认识

本文简要介绍了分形市场假说的理论背景,对比了有效市场假说和分形市场假说的区别与联系.在回顾了国内外对于分形市场假说的相关研究成果后,发现实证研究成果表明分形市场假说在全世界范围的各个资本市场内均成立.但目前为止还未有基于分形市场假说发展的资产定价工具.这也是未来进一步研究的重点.     

浅析效率市场假说的局限性

自1970年效率市场假说最早提出后,广大投资者和理论研究者对该假说予以了广泛的关注,并对此进行了大量的实证研究。尽管许多实证研究对效率市场假说做出了肯定,但同时对效率市场假说的质疑之声也从未停止。本文在详细阐述了效率市场假说的相关内容的基础上,从不同的角度分析了效率市场假说自身所存在的局限性和缺陷,并分析了行为金融学的提出对于效率市场假说的挑战。     

分形市场假说与股票市场的有效性分析

主流的金融计量理论是以价格的随机游走和收益的正态分布假设为基础的,而分形市场研究认为价格是分形,价格遵循有偏随机游走,并用分形分布描述收益的分布规律;在分形研究的框架下,作为主流有效市场假说的替代理论,分形市场假说用不同投资期水平下的投资者对信息的不同评估来解释价格行为的分形机制,也启发我们从动态的和相对的角度去思考股票市场的有效性问题。     

有效市场假说的再思考

有效市场假说(Efficient Market Hypothesis,EMH)是一种建立在完全理性基础上的一种完全竞争市场模型,是传统主流金融学理论的奠基石。其核心是:有效市场中证券价格总是能够及时、准确、充分反映所有相关信息。Fama(1970)同时提出资本市场在不同信息环境下具有三种有效形式:弱式有效、半强式有效和强式有效。本文概述了有效市场假说的内容和面临的挑战,探讨了市场有效性对投资影响的两个重要方面:有限套利和噪声交易,得出了不同条件下相应的投资路径选择。     

基于分形市场理论的开放式基金风险分析

有效市场是现代金融学理论的基石,也是数量化金融市场理论的核心.有效市场是建立在收益率时间序列数据必须满足正态分布基础上,但是大量的实证分析发现,收益率时间序列数据并非完全或者不满足正态分布,为此Edgar·E·Peters提出了分形市场假说,分形市场理论假定收益率时间序列服从分形分布,其核心是Hurst提出的R/S分析法(Hurst指数),通过R/S法计算Hurst指数H,并由此得到分形维数α,通过分形维度量投资风险.利用分形市场理论,选取大成基金管理公司中的开放式股票型基金大成创新基金实证分析,用收益率时间序列的分形维度量风险,判定基金十大重仓股个股以及投资组合的风险大小,并且对投资组合进行优化,求出最优投资比例.     

资本市场中分形市场分析的理论探讨

以有效市场假说为基础的现代资本市场理论被越来越多的实践证明与现实情况不符,而分形理论考虑到资本市场的复杂性和EMH的缺陷,以非线性范式为分析基础,解释了有效市场理论无法解释的许多市场现象,为我们更为深入地分析资本市场提供了新的思路和方法。     

资本市场中分形市场分析的理论探讨

以有效市场假说为基础的现代资本市场理论被越来越多的实践证明与现实情况不符,而分形理论考虑到资本市场的复杂性和EMH的缺陷,以非线性范式为分析基础,解释了有效市场理论无法解释的许多市场现象,为我们更为深入地分析资本市场提供了新的思路和方法。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.