构建战略方式动态框架的探索性研究

从战略方式的角度出发,企业将面对专业化、纵向一体化和多元化等多种战略类型的选择。企业不同的发展阶段,可以采用不同的战略方式,但目前学术界并没有一个比较通用的战略框架供企业家参考。文章期望可以通过对不同战略方式的探索、归纳和总结,寻求不同战略方式的相互结合。在排除其它干扰因素的理想状态下,构建一个较为完整的动态化结构框架,为企业在不同发展阶段提供正确的战略方式选择。利用不同状态下建立的动态化框架,最大程度提高企业抵御风险的能力。     

Strategic intent as a rhetorical device

Strategic intent is a useful concept in accounting for purpose and continuity of goals in an organization adapting to internal and external developmental pressures. Yet, extant literature on strategic intent does not account for heterogeneity of goals within an organization. Indeed, there is confusion over who possesses strategic intent. In this paper, we seek to revitalize the concept of strategic intent by exploring its potential as a rhetorical device. Based on philosophical theory of collective agency, we argue that to realize the integrative promise of strategic intent in organizations, achieving coherence between multiple intents is the most viable option. Drawing from rhetorical theories, we investigate the processes involved in diffusing intent and building coherence between multiple intents.     

应对欧盟REACH法规：我国化学品检测方法标准体系分析

本文从我国现有的化学品检测方法标准与欧盟REACH注册要求的数据和测试信息比较入手,通过与REACH注册主要采用的OECD化学品测试方法比对,分析了我国应对REACH的检测方法体系的现状和存在的问题,并对今后的检测方法标准研究工作提出建议。     

Monopoly Pricing as a Consumer Exaction in the Public Utility Sector

A bstract . The many studies on the measurement of deadweight welfare loss due to monopoly pricing have largely ignored the public utility sector of the economy. For the residential customer class in the municipally-owned water industry , the useable formula for the welfare loss triangle depends on the divergence between price and long run marginal cos and the price elasticity of demand Only price is directly observable. Statistical methodology developed here and elsewhere provides unique estimates of marginal cost and elasticity for each utility. The welfare loss, as a percentage of the residential customer class's annual water bill, is 9 to 10 per cent for locally regulated water utilities and 5 to 6 per cent for state regulated utilities–a level above those reported in most of the studies on manufacturing industries. Regulation , however, can make a difference.     

浅析我国消费品检测方法标准体系的构建

文章在研究发达国家消费品相关检测方法标准的基础上,分析了我国消费品检测方法标准的检测对象和检测指标的分类原则,构建出既适合我国国情又能与国际接轨的、科学合理有效的消费品领域检测方法标准体系基本框架,提出了保障我国消费品检测方法标准体系建设有效运行的机制建议。     

School Grants a Bar to Consumer Sovereignty

Is funding by schools a stage towards or an obstacle to payment by parents? Marjorie Seldon, Chairman of FEVER, maintains that, once the finance is controlled by schools, they will not readily agree to its transfer to parent-consumers.     

标准的动态维护管理机制的探讨

深化标准化体制改革,使我国的标准化工作适应社会主义市场经济的发展及加入WTO后的新形势,是我们面临的重要任务。《标准的动态维护管理机制的探讨》一文在分析国际及发达国家标准制定维护模式及我国现状的基础上,就改进我国标准制修订体制、建立我国标准动态维护模式进行了探讨,提出了框架性的解决方案。     

Contrasting Developments in UK Energy Regulation: Retail Policy and Consumer Engagement

This article explores the role of regulation as a supporting institution for an energy market. Two aspects are examined: first, the role of regulation in promoting a competitive market for the retail supply of energy, and second, the role of regulation in providing access to the transmission and distribution networks, assumed to be monopolies, that provide services for the retail suppliers. UK regulation promoted retail energy competition until 2008, but in that year changed direction, and since then has been restricting retail competition. In contrast, UK regulation since 2008 has encouraged more customer engagement in the network part of the energy sector. This offers the prospect, at least, of the emergence of a form of competition and choice in the process of setting price controls.     

PLC在定量调速输送装置中的应用

针对工业生产中需对块状或散状物料,进行一定距离或角度的定量调速输送,就需要在原基础上改进和提高输送装置的工艺与控制部件。本文对PLC定量调速输送装置模型进行一定的结构处理与参数调整,便能应用于企业,使其取得一定的经济效益和节能效果。     

Strategic flexibility as a moderator of the relationship between commitment to employees and performance in service firms

This paper examines the fit between organizational commitment to employees (OCE) and strategic flexibility. The complementariness between these two factors originates from the fact that the effect of OCE on a firm's performance depends on the type of strategic flexibility. We argue that the greater the degree of strategic flexibility, the greater the positive effect of OCE on organizational performance. Using data from a random sample of 230 service firms, the empirical results partially support this hypothesis.     

Credibility and Monitoring: Outsourcing as a Commitment Device

We analyze an environment plagued by double moral hazard where the agent’s effort level and the principal’s precision in monitoring are not contractible. In such an environment, the principal tends to over‐monitor thereby inducing low effort. To ease the latter problem, the principal may choose to increase monitoring costs by outsourcing the activity. As a result equilibrium monitoring is reduced and incentives become more powerful. This choice is particularly likely when the worker’s effort is an important factor in determining output.     

Emotions as Strategic Game in a Hostile Workplace: An Exemplar Case

This exemplar case study demonstrates that, under some circumstances, staff may be encouraged by a hostile workplace to use their feelings in order to survive. This case study was undertaken as part of a larger phenomenological study of emotions in organisational life. This particular case was chosen as it depicts the story of emotions being used as strategic tools of defence against a vindictive, aggressive and hostile work place. The increase in abusive organisations has been noted in the literature: this was one person's protective response to it. The strategic gamesmanship used to positive effect included the hiding of emotions, emotional acting and the deliberate expression of emotions. Unfortunately, negative outcomes were also reported.     

动态环境下企业战略理论发展的启示

本文对动态环境下的五种典型战略管理理论（企业生态系统演化理论、战略联盟、战略风险管理、边缘竞争理论以及“战略转折点”理论）的发展进行了梳理和剖析,讨论了这些理论的贡献及适用条件。在此基础上,分析了这些理论自身及相互关系中尚未厘清的问题,提出了进一步研究的方向和启示。     

Integrating Decentralized Strategy Making and Strategic Planning Processes in Dynamic Environments

Decentralized post‐bureaucratic organizations are deemed to display superior performance in dynamic environments, but recent evidence indicates that centralized integrative cross‐functional processes may be equally critical. Accordingly, this paper hypothesizes that organizational performance can be ascribed to the simultaneous emphasis on decentralized strategy making and strategic planning processes. This is investigated in a study of 185 manufacturing organizations operating in diverse industries spanning food processing and computer products. The study shows that both decentralized decision structure and planning activities are associated with higher performance in dynamic environments. These findings confirm that effective organizations engage in more complex strategy formation processes that complement the decentralized post‐bureaucratic form with formal mechanisms of rational analyses and operational integration. The paper highlights a need to extend our understanding of the duality between decentralization and planning.     

完善社会保障体系是一项战略任务

没有完善的社会保障体系,便缺乏社会稳定的重要物质条件和改革发展的牢固基础.完善社会保障体系有利于社会稳定,是实践"三个代表"的重要体现,不仅要满足宏观经济发展对于社会环境的需要,而且要达到经济与社会协调发展的重大目标,因此,社会保障社会化是中国转轨时期完善社会保障体系的基本取向.     

Strategic paradigms as a frame of explanation of innovations: a theoretical synthesis

Innovation has mainly been analysed as a rather narrow phenomenon. This has been an obstacle to a more operationally useful understanding of innovation processes. Two main approaches to explain innovation exist, namely economic innovation theory and the theory of entrepreneurship. Both are criticized in the article, the economic innovation theory for being based on a technological reductionism, the entrepreneurship theory for being based on an individualistic determinism. The two theories have not been coordinated to form a more comprehensive synthesis. The concept of technological paradigm within the economic innovation theory and the concept of entrepreneurial networks within the entrepreneurship theory mark some improvement in establishing a broader understanding of innovation, but have not yet been synthesized. The idea of paradigms is used in the article for a broader, synthesizing conception of innovations as being determined by shifts in strategic paradigms. A theoretical model of factors causing shifts in the strategic paradigm is set up.     

The Strategic Effects of Information Technology on Organisational Performance in a Developing Environment

Abstract

The study examines empirically the relationships between information technology, organisational performance, and sectors. The effects of IT on the organisational performance are evaluated with respect to generic strategic opportunities obtained from IT. This relationship and to what extent companies in the two sectors, manufacturing and service sectors, utilise these opportunities are comparatively studied. The findings of the study have shown that the effects of information technology on organisational performance and the relationship between generic strategic opportunities and organisational performance are different in the manufacturing and the service sectors.     

信息化在“十五”结构调整中的战略地位

党的十五届五中全会指出：制定“十五”计划并顺利实现“十五”时期我国经济社会发展的奋斗目标,必须把发展作为主题,把结构调整作为主线,把改革开放和科技进步作为动力,把提高人民生活水平作为根本出发点,要实现生产力的跨越式发展,实施经济结构的战略性调整,一个最核心的内容就是中央明确提出的大力推进国民经济和社会信息化,以信息化带动工业化,所以我们理解,信息化在“十五”期间的结构调整中处于一个全局的,核心的战略地位。