动态环境中的竞争战略思维

环境的动态变化对企业竞争战略提出了新的挑战。它要求企业转变战略思维模式,从线性思维模式转向动态组织学习模式,从静态竞争思维转向动态竞争思维,从局部的产品竞争思维转向全程竞争思维,从竞赛式竞争思维转向超越式竞争思维,从对立竞争思维转向合作竞争思维。     

知识专业化与关联性对竞争优势的影响

针对目前各省域知识技术发展同质化问题,基于国家知识产权局专利数据,揭示2000—2017年中国（内地）31个省市自治区知识专业化和关联性时空演化特征,探讨二者对竞争优势的影响。结果表明：创新活动层级差距显著,高层级地区知识创造活动多样性特征更显著,低层级地区的知识倾向于关注单一领域;知识关联性空间分布呈现出自东向西减弱趋势,东部沿海地区技术演化对知识基础的依赖性较强,中西部地区则较弱;知识产品竞争优势转换存在显著路径依赖,与地方知识库结构关联密度高的知识生产可能会成为未来比较竞争优势。从区域内知识集聚视角看,专业化程度越高越有利于关联密度较低领域竞争优势形成;从全国知识分工视角看,多样化程度越高越有利于关联密度较高领域下一期竞争优势形成。     

Competitive Permit Markets and Vertical Structures: The Relevance of Imperfectly Competitive Eco‐Industries

Permit markets lead polluting firms to purchase abatement goods from an eco‐industry which is often concentrated. This paper studies the consequences of this sort of imperfectly competitive eco‐industry on the equilibrium choices of the competitive polluting firms. It then characterizes the second‐best pollution cap. By comparing this situation to one of perfect competition, we show that Cournot competition on the abatement good market contributes not only to a nonoptimal level of emission reduction but also to a higher permit price, which reduces the production level. These distortions increase with market power, measured by the margin taken by the noncompetitive firms, and suggest a second‐best larger pollution cap.     

21世纪企业的战略选择—核心竞争力

新世纪到来之际，一场新的企业变革浪潮正在世界范围内酝酿和进行着。这场变革浪潮不足是带来了一些创新的名词，更重要的是它正在改变着企业竞争的内涵和形式。企业战略的重点已经由静态的，外在的竞争优势的追求转向动态的、内在的竞争优势的追求，由目前的产业与产品竞争转向为创造未来而竞争。企业核心竞争力（Core Competence)的重要意义就在于通过某些独占机制可以有效的建立自己的竞争优势或打破竞争对手的竞争壁垒，因而是企业获得持续的发展和提高企业在市场竞争中的地位的关键。     

我国企业竞争战略的新选择

21世纪企业竞争环境出现了新特点、新问题。对此,传统企业竞争战略理论无法予以解释。如果将企业看作是一个知识集合体,运用企业知识积累的生产性质来分析企业竞争与发展问题,可以较好地解释为什么一个行业中的某些企业不仅在较长时期内稳获超额收益,而且能够使已经存在的竞争优势得以持久化。     

Evaluating the Validity of the Dichotomous Choice Question Format in Contingent Valuation

Hypothetical and actual cash willingness to pay (WTP) for an art print were elicited with dichotomous choice and open-ended question formats. Comparing hypothetical and actual dichotomous choice responses using both a likelihood ratio test and the method of convolutions suggests we reject equality at the 0.05 but not the 0.01 level. Hypothetical WTP was roughly two times actual WTP with the dichotomous choice format. There were no significant differences between the open-ended and dichotomous choice question formats when both were used to estimate hypothetical WTP or both used to estimate actual WTP.     

开放环境下企业动态竞争优势研究——对静态竞争优势模型的动态修正

回顾了传统战略理论关于企业竞争优势的研究,给出波特综合了各战略元素的静态竞争优势模型,并对该模型进行了动态修正,指出开放环境下企业构建动态竞争优势的战略框架。     

环境管制与企业的竞争优势——对波特假说的修正

以波特为代表的少数学者从成本抵偿的角度得出环境管制能够增强企业竞争优势的结论。从X无效率和引致技术进步两个角度分析环境管制与企业竞争优势的关系,发现环境管制虽然能够提高企业效率,但并不一定能够增强企业的竞争优势。当环境管制引致的X无效率降低和技术进步节省的成本等于污染控制给企业增加的成本时,绿色企业将与灰色企业具有同样的竞争力。     

动态环境下竞争市场信号的阐释与反应

对竞争市场信号的分析在企业战略决策中居于重要地位,它帮助企业有效地把握市场信息,增强其对动态市场环境的适应性。本文基于信息经济学和战略管理理论,探讨了企业发送市场信号的动机,以及竞争市场信号的阐释与反应策略。     

战略顾客积累：企业获得竞争优势的选择

战略顾客的价值不仅在于有利于企业的销售增加和产生利润增值效应,而且是企业的一种战略性资源,有效积累战略顾客是企业获得竞争优势的选择。战略顾客的有效积累不是企业的短期行为,而是企业与战略顾客之间相互资源投入和价值获取的长期行为。企业必须从战略顾客的特点出发采取相应的管理模式与策略。为此,必须建立“战略顾客驱动型”企业组织。实现企业能力由传统能力向战略顾客管理能力的转变。实现企业与顾客之间的互动学习。     

提升竞争力：营销机制的新选择

企业竞争力是企业获得竞争优势的能力,它是企业活力的源泉,企业建立了提升竞争力的机制,就有了生存和发展的基础。     

产业集群竞争优势及其政策选择--结构与效能的分析框架

产业集群作为一种新的竞争单元，其优势越来越被理论界和各级政府部门所认可。产业集群已成为地区经济发展和区域核心竞争力提升的理想模式。正是由于产业群这种区域经济发展模式本质上具有竞争优势，我国应把它提升到战略高度加以重视和推广，其政策选择应该是把公共政策的重点转向促进地方产业群的培育发展和升级上。     

动态竞争环境下我国企业运作模式构建的思考

在全球化、信息化和个性化为主要特征的时代背景下,我国企业所面对的竞争环境越来越复杂多变。适应这种多变竞争环境的企业运作模式主要包括企业管理模块和企业经营模块的构建。     

滞留成本、竞争性定价歧视和定价机制选择

在很多市场环境下,消费者重复消费同一种商品会产生效用折扣或者消费者喜欢尝试不同的商品特性,因此消费者追求消费多样化,重复消费同一种商品会产生滞留成本。文章采用两期动态博弈框架,研究滞留成本的存在对于企业竞争性歧视定价行为和市场绩效的影响,此后又进一步研究了企业的定价机制选择问题。文章的研究结果表明:(1)在歧视定价机制下,企业会奖励忠诚的消费者,即企业会对重复购买自己产品的消费者(忠诚消费者)给予价格优惠,而对新顾客索取高价;(2)与统一定价相比,歧视性定价降低了企业利润和社会福利,增加了消费者剩余;(3)当企业可以在歧视定价和统一定价两种机制之间进行选择时,每个企业选择歧视性定价机制是均衡结果。     

The Performance of a Repeated Discriminatory Price Auction for Ecosystem Services

Environmental and Resource Economics - Government agencies often rely on repeated discriminatory price auctions to procure ecosystem services from private landowners despite limited evidence on...     

优化我国金融生态环境的战略选择

当前,金融生态环境问题越来越受到关注。文章首先阐述了优化金融生态环境的基本标准,并分析了我国金融生态环境建设中存在的问题,最后提出了优化我国金融生态环境的战略选择。     

新型竞争环境下后发企业的技术创新策略——基于天津某汽车胶管企业的案例分析

基于技术创新视角的当代新型竞争具有融合化、全球化、快速化、集成化的特点,适应这一竞争环境的要求,企业的技术创新策略取决于企业内部的创新力、企业外部的技术源、市场需求的拉动力、企业内部生产的配合力以及企业内外部组织的支持力等因素的相互作用。通过案例分析表明,需求导向型的技术创新、选择具有产业基础的领域、从寻求技术诀窍到寻求技术合作伙伴、内部组织优化以及制定富有前瞻性的技术发展战略是后发企业可以选择的一组技术创新策略。     

The Effectiveness of Distributive Policy in a Competitive Economy

I consider an abstract social system made of individual owners endowed with nonpaternalistic interdependent preferences, who interact by means of individual gifts and by exchanges on competitive markets. The existence of equilibrium is established. I identify the set of allocations that are decentralizable in the sense that they are general equilibria for some vectors of market prices and initial endowments. This set is characterized in a simple way from the social endowment and individual market and distributive preferences. Decentralizable allocations are all accessible to distributive policy, unless public transfers are confined to some neighborhood of 0. In the latter case, distributive policy remains free to perform local redistributions of wealth across the components of the graph of equilibrium gifts.     

Using Choice Experiments to Investigate the Policy Relevance of Heterogeneity in Farmer Agri-Environmental Contract Preferences

Agri-environmental contracts are used to provide incentives for nature management on private land in, e.g. the European Union. The aim of this article is to investigate preference heterogeneity for agri-environmental contracts among farmers in order to discuss potential policy improvements utilising heterogeneity. We used a choice experiment to elicit farmers’ stated preferences for afforestation contracts. Four attributes are investigated: purpose of afforestation, option of cancelling the contract, monitoring, and compensation level. All attributes present a potential conflict between farmers’ and authorities’ interests, which emphasises the importance of knowing how to handle these interests. A random parameter logit model shows that having the option to cancel the contract decreases farmers’ required compensation level and monitoring increases it. Furthermore, farmers are willing to accept a lower compensation when the aim is to protect biodiversity and ground water relative to recreation. Latent class models with class probability variables reveal discrete heterogeneity and support a division into four groups with divergent preferences. For example, a group of farmers who already have forest areas does not find the option of cancelling the contract important, whereas another group relying on the farm for income requires higher compensation. The findings indicate potential for efficiency gains from targeting the contracts.     

专利诉讼的时空选择机理——一个基于动态竞争视角的理论框架

鉴于专利诉讼数量显著增加,并超越单纯的法律案件性质,专利诉讼已成为企业动态竞争中的重要武器,进而成为企业专利战略管理的关键环节。从动态竞争角度看,专利诉讼的时间和地点选择对诉讼结果以及竞争的影响尤为关键。通过总结专利诉讼研究文献和动态竞争理论,从动态竞争视角构建专利诉讼时空选择机理、效应的理论框架模型,有助于进一步开展实证研究,也有助于企业把握专利诉讼的本质,在动态竞争中积累优势。