新经济周期中的利率与汇率

新经济周期中的利率与汇率张志一、我国经济周期中的利率利率是中央货币当局法定的七种货币政策工具之一。长期以来,我国最重要的货币政策工具主要是贷款限额,中央银行存贷款利率地位不高,变化很少,不能起到调节货币发行的作用。这与一般市场经济国家把利率作为主要的...     

对外贸易中的铸币税及其经济效应

铸币税是指发行货币所得到的收益,既包括中央银行发行的基础货币,也包括商业银行发行的存款.中央银行征收铸币税的能力随着货币乘数增加而减弱,而商业银行的征收能力则随货币乘数的增加而增加.铸币税可以分解为通货膨胀税和扣除净出口部分的经济增长税两部分,外汇储备本质上是货币当局向本国人们征收的铸币税.     

论我国中央银行体制下的二阶式货币供应

对我国中央银行体制下的货币供应过程及其与市场货币供应量的关系问题的研究,对中央银行选择特定的货币政策工具,实现宏观金融调控目标具有重大的理论和实践意义。在我国中央银行体制下,由于中央银行和商业银行、专业银行(以下通称其为商业银行)在货币发行和货币供应过程中所处地位不同,从而形成了我国中央银行体制下的二阶式货币供应体系,即中央银行供应基础货币,商业银行供应市场货币。一、中央银行与基础货币供应中央银行作为我国掌管人民币发行和管理全国金融事业的机关,并不直接办理对工商企业和个人的货币信贷业务,而是执行发行银行、银行的银行和国家的银行的职能。这     

央行票据调控可持续性分析

央行票据是中央银行为调节商业银行超额准备金而向商业银行发行的短期债务凭证,是中央银行为调节商业银行流动性而出台的一项货币政策工具,其实质是中央银行债券。目前,央票已经是债券市场不可或缺的短期投资工具和流动性管理工具。但伴随中国经济增长趋势的放缓,央行票据发行规模的下降,央票是否继续存在的争论也由此而起。通过分析我国央行票据的发展情况及现状,对央票调控的利弊进行分析,并为央票存在的持续性寻求合理的理论支持。     

我国公开市场操作工具及其主导工具的选择

作为三大货币政策调控工具之一的公开市场操作,在货币市场中的作用越来越显著.现阶段,货币市场操作工具呈现出以中央银行票据为主,国债和政策性金融债券为辅的局面.本文结合公开市场操作的现状,分析了这几种工具所存在的缺陷和不足,提出了以短期国债作为主导工具的发展方向.     

现代中央银行政策:理论、挑战与重构

现代中央银行制度是一国宏观经济治理的重要内容,现代中央银行政策是现代中央银行制度及功能的主要体现。中央银行在演变过程中逐渐具备了为政府提供贷款、货币发行、最后贷款人、制定货币政策、制定宏观审慎政策等现代中央银行的功能。现代中央银行政策作为现代中央银行制度的核心构成,其理论框架主要包括最终目标、操作目标、政策工具、传导机制等。由于现代中央银行政策具有目标多元、工具复杂、从工具到目标间接传导等特征,因此提高政策精准度至关重要。中国构建了较为完整的现代中央银行政策框架,但在金融适度分权改革环境下,地方政府、企业、银行、居民等市场主体的行为选择使现有的中央银行政策需要进一步改进和完善,尤其是需要提高政策的精准性,包括提高政策基准变量计算的精准性,提高货币政策工具和宏观审慎政策工具的精准性,提高"双支柱"政策与财政政策、产业政策、国际金融政策等政策工具组合的精准性。     

我国央行票据货币冲销的成本研究

在中央银行发行央行票据进行货币冲销的过程中,过高的成本一直被国内外学者认为是央行票据不能作为长期冲销工具存在的一项重要理由。本文考察了近三年的有关数据,从有形成本和无形成本两个角度出发,认为次贷危机的爆发使得全球经济形势发生巨变,央行的冲销成本是在动态变化的,对经济增长的“挤出效应”也不太明显。     

我国再贴现政策效应

作为中央银行三大货币政策工具之一,再贴现政策在我国的金融运行过程中,由于实际操作时间短,加上社会信用和票据市场不发达等因素的制约,使其具有特殊的动作机理和特殊的功能效应,本文试图从我国再贴现政策的功能效应入手,研究制约其效应发挥的因素,探索如何更有效发挥再贴现政策效应的途径,以达到促进金融宏观调控方式的转变,增强货币下降政策可操作性的目的。     

货币政策工具的中西比较：论我国货币政策工具的转换

货币政策是中央银行运用各种工具通过货币存量调整总需求进而对宏观经济进行调节的一种手段,一般由政策工具、中介指标和政策目标三部分内容构成。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的不断发展和中央银行制度的建立,我国货币政策的作用日益突出。经过数年来的实践摸索,我国中央银行已积累了一定的宏观调     

美国公开市场业务技术前提的实证分析及借鉴

美国公开市场业务技术前提的实证分析及借鉴李源海陈月公开市场业务是指中央银行在公开市场上买卖政府债券用以控制货币供应量的一种政策手段,主要以短期政府债券及一年内将要到期的中长期政府债券为基础。它是目前西方货币当局使用最频繁的货币政策工具,具有法定存款准...     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...