集群企业创业传导:过程、效率与影响因素

集群创业就是集群内先发创业企业影响和带动后发创业企业,进而实现群体创业的过程。其创业传导过程包括创业的溢出、感知和跟随,而感知转变为跟随是传导的关键环节。本文对7个集群186家企业的实证研究表明:创业感知对创业溢出与跟随具有部分中介作用;企业间的信任、协作和合作时间,吸收能力、社会关系及创业导向、资源整合能力、政策支持分别对创业的溢出、感知和跟随有着重要的影响作用;技术梯度差和复杂度、市场梯度差对创业的感知与跟随具有调节作用。因此,要提升集群企业创业的动力和效率,在企业层面,关键在于强化创业导向并提升其吸收能力,保持知识差异性和创业行为关联性,提升相互间的信任程度;在政府层面,关键在于改善创业环境和政策。     

产业集群视角下创业企业社会网络的资源积累模式和效应

文章从产业集群分析的视角,对创业企业社会网络形成的动因进行了探讨,剖析了创业企业社会网络的资源特性,提出了创业企业杜会网络的资源的积累模式,并对创业企业杜会网络的资源积累效应进行了划分和归纳。     

产业集群升级对民营企业“二次创业”的促进研究--以福建省泉州市为例

院民营企业是泉州经济的主体,产业集群是泉州民营经济的主要表现形式,通过对泉州民营经济发展所面临困境的探讨,结合产业集群升级与泉州民营企业“二次创业”的内涵分析,认为二者在实现途径、本质及其实现目标方面具有高度一致性,文章从发挥产业集群优势,优化企业产权结构,创新权力传承模式等方面,对于推进泉州产业集群升级,加快民营企业“二次创业”进程,实现企业的可持续发展给出相关建议.     

企业财务风险传导路径及传导效应

企业财务风险具有动态传导性,一个企业的财务风险会传导至财务关系网络中的其他关联企业。本文研究了企业财务风险传导的路径类型,分析了财务风险传导的蝴蝶效应、多米诺骨牌效应、耦合效应以及破窗效应。     

企业风险传导及其载体研究

本文在概述风险与企业风险的基础上定义了何为企业风险传导,并对企业风险的传导路径作了归纳和分析;阐述了在企业风险的传导链和传导网络中,载体是风险传导过程中风险各要素相互联系的桥梁,也是各要素相互作用实现的有效形式;还揭示了在整个风险传导过程中,载体具有承载风险和传导风险的作用,同时,风险源、驱动力以及风险载体之间相互作用形成的耦合效应也使载体在企业风险传导链中具有“放大镜”的效应;并从企业风险传导的角度探讨了如何防范和控制企业风险。     

基于耦合的企业风险传导模型探讨

各类风险在企业传导过程中是否发生耦合,需要探讨稳态风险传导和非稳态风险传导的基本特征和传导机理。笔者通过对风险传导过程中风险相互耦合的分析以及传导模型的构建,进一步研究了风险在企业内部的动态传导规律。     

天然气下游价格风险传导模型研究

本文通过分析天然气下游价格风险的传导途径,提出了应用沙堆模型分析了天然气下游价格风险的传导机理,并模拟了其价格雪崩过程。结合前人的研究成果,判断该风险传导网络是无标度网络。得出结论,只有提高每一位利益相关者的风险忍受阀值和控制该系统的Hub点的行为,才能有效的控制整个下游价格风险传导网络。     

产业集群内的创业网络研究

文章界定了产业集群内创业网络的定义,阐述了产业集群内创业网络的内涵,明确了产业集群内创业网络的形成机理,总结了产业集群创业网络的特征,证明了产业集群内创业网络的圆锥形结构,指出了社会网络、产业集群内创业网络和创新网络三者间的区别与联系。     

企业理财系统风险传导构成要素研究

本文界定了企业理财系统风险传导的概念,揭示了企业理财系统风险传导机理,分析了企业理财系统风险传导的风险源、风险传导路径和风险传导载体,为防范和控制企业理财系统风险奠定了理论基础,亦具有实践指导意义。     

企业理财系统风险传导构成要素研究

本文界定了企业理财系统风险传导的概念,揭示了企业理财系统风险传导机理,分析了企业理财系统风险传导的风险源、风险传导路径和风险传导载体,为防范和控制企业理财系统风险奠定了理论基础,亦具有实践指导意义。     

Building entrepreneurial inter-firm networks in an emerging economy: the role of cognitive legitimacy

We take an organizational legitimacy perspective and use data from a large-scale nationally representative study on the state of small business in Saudi Arabia, in order to explore the antecedents to the formation of entrepreneurial ventures’ inter-firm networks in the context of an emerging economy (n?=?331). We argue that entrepreneurial ventures need to overcome a threshold of cognitive legitimacy in order to develop inter-firm ties with a diverse set of large, established firms. Results indicate that having a written business plan and a formal organizational structure are positively associated with the diversity of the new venture’s inter-firm network, while the education level of the entrepreneur does not have a significant effect. In addition, the effect of having a formal organizational structure is stronger for younger ventures. Implications are discussed.     

An analysis of geographical agglomeration and modularized industrial networks in a regional cluster: A case study at Yamagata prefecture in Japan

In a regional innovation system, a dense inter-organizational network within the region is recognized as a key factor in enhancing knowledge diffusion, regional learning, and effective resource transfers. Therefore, understanding the network structure and physical proximity of organizations is essential. In this paper, we investigated the industrial structure of Yamagata prefecture in Japan as a case study. Because Yamagata is a representative industrial region, the analysis can also provide an insight into other industrial regions. Initially, we investigated the geographical dispersion of firms and found them to be agglomerated along Route 13 and the Tohoku Shinkansen railroad, indicating that infrastructures for transportation still have a decisive role in terms of site location. Subsequently, we analyzed the modular structure of the inter-firm network. The results showed that hub firms construct a different type of network and play different roles within the inter-firm network, reflecting their strategic choice. The results also showed that there is a tendency for firms to transact with those in close proximity, and that firm location is also affected by the location of the hub firm in the module in addition to the infrastructures.     

Firms in financial distress: evidence from inter-firm payment networks with volatility driven by ‘animal spirits’

This paper elaborates an agent-based model of a pure market economy to provide theoretical evidence on how volatility-induced changes in inter-firm payment networks affect the financial distress of firms. This volatility is driven by ‘animal spirits’ in that it arises from the feelings of optimism/pessimism independently of rational decision-making, and influences the liquidity available to each firm through the inter-firm payment network; consequently, some firms may enter financial distress. The model first determines the inter-firm payment network. Then, a mean-reverting square-root process introduces volatility into the inter-firm payment network through firms’ propensity to pay suppliers according to the payments that firms expect to receive from customers. The model is calibrated for compatibility with relevant macro- and microeconomic stylized facts. According to computational experiments, financial distress in the business sector is minimized when feelings of optimism/pessimism generate the lowest volatility in firms’ propensity to pay suppliers. In addition, this volatility must materialize around an intermediate value of firms’ propensity to pay suppliers, and firms must keep this intermediate value over time.

     

EFFECTS OF REGIONAL COOPERATION AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED FIRMS ON THEIR GROWTH IN JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS

We examine the effects of regional inter-firm cooperation on firm growth by estimating the firm growth function, using the data of a questionnaire survey for three major industrial clusters in Japan, namely, Tama, Kinki and Hokkaido. We focus on the specific content of cooperative activities for two aspects: that is, three production stages of R&D, commercialization, and marketing for cooperation and different types of alliance partners. The findings for our study areas demonstrate: i) vertical cooperation, the most prevalent with suppliers and customers, does not contribute to firm growth; ii) the clusters do not enjoy "urbanization economies arising from agglomerating a variety of different industrial sectors"; iii) the alliances with "universities" and "cross-industry exchange organizations" show positive effects on firm growth; and iv) both contributions and limitations are identified for the cluster-promotion policies in Japan.     

产业集群创新网络特征与知识创新绩效关系研究

文章从集群网络的视角分析企业知识创新绩效的影响因素,并将集群企业知识创新绩效形成的过程机制可以分解为三个关键问题:集群创新网络特征分析,集群企业创新网络特征对企业从创新网络获取知识的影响分析,以及集群企业创新网络特征、知识获取和知识创新绩效间的作用机理分析。最后,通过构建集群创新网络—知识获取—知识创新绩效的综合概念模型,揭示产业集群创新网络特征与企业知识创新绩效之间的关系。     

政府促进产业集群升级机理的agent仿真研究

运用产业集群理论及agent方法,从集群内部企业的行为入手,分析集群内企业对产业政策响应,建立产业集群—政府作用模型,研究政府制定政策对于促进产业集群升级的作用。在Simphony repast环境下,通过实证数据对产业政策对于促进产业集群升级的效果进行仿真,从而验证产业政策的有效性。     

产业集群技术创新扩散机制及其促进对策

产业集群技术创新本身属性、技术创新主体及环境是产业集群技术创新扩散的三大影响因素,三者相互作用影响着产业集群技术创新扩散,形成的动态变化的有机体便是产业集群技术创新扩散机制。我国产业集群技术创新扩散过程中存在很多问题,因而要从三大影响因素入手:提高技术创新的商业化比率,加强技术创新主体的创新意识和人才培养,营造良好的中观和宏观环境。以此不断地完善产业集群技术创新扩散机制,促进产业集群的技术创新、再创新和扩散。     

Smfs inter firm relationships and technological change

Industrial production and industrial technological change are characterised by complex flows of technological know-how and finished innovations. There is a variety of inter-firm relationships of varying intensity and duration involving large firm-large firm, large firm-small firm and small firm-small firm interchanges. Certain large firm-small firm relationships electively combine the advantages of large and small firms in technological innovation.     

产业集群超网络均衡研究

产业集群升级是当前产业界和学术界关注的热点问题。该文针对产业集群升级过程中三个重要网络——研发网络、制造网络和服务网络如何相互作用的问题,通过建立超网络模型,以研发水平、服务水平和产品附加值为决策变量,从成本与收益的角度,引入偏好系数,建立了多目标最优决策模型,并运用变分不等式理论,得到洽合的研发网络、制造网络和服务网络的流,发现了超网络的均衡状态。该问题的研究不但为研究产业集群升级提供了理论基础,而且也为政府引领产业集群的发展提供了思路。     

Evaluating the impact of prior experience in entrepreneurial intention

Although entrepreneurial behavior is proposed as part of the solution to fragile labor markets, in particular in periods of economic and social change, policy makers are struggling to find the right levers to promote it. Despite the extant prior research on entrepreneurial behavior, little is known on the entrepreneurial behavior drivers for the individuals of working age with experience. Prior research explores the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge to study the drivers of experienced individuals evaluating whether or not to engage in an entrepreneurial behavior. This research introduces entrepreneurial knowledge to study the impact of prior experience on entrepreneurial intention. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this research work analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial intention, and the mediating effects of the TPB perceptual variables: personal attitude (PA), social norm (SN), and perceived behavioral-control (PBC). A structural equation model (SEM) has been used to analyze the responses of a sample of 431 experienced individuals of working-age that completed a questionnaire based on Liñan & Chen’s, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 593–618, (2009) Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ). The results showed that entrepreneurial knowledge positively influences entrepreneurial intention and that this influence is mediated by the perceptual variables of the TPB model (PA, SN, PBC). These findings contribute to the understanding of the entrepreneurial intention for experienced individuals and consolidate the use of the TPB model to study individual entrepreneurial intention. The findings suggest that policy makers should pay more attention to individual entrepreneurial knowledge, and strengthen the attractiveness of an entrepreneurial career, if they are interested in fostering entrepreneurial behavior among individuals of working age with experience.