The Shielding of CEO Compensation from the Effects of Strategic Expenditures*

This study investigates whether and why compensation committees shield CEO compensation from income‐decreasing effects of strategic expenditures. We document that firms do shield recurring strategic expenditures such as research and development and advertising expenditures. We also find that firms shield research and development expenditures more than advertising expenditures. Our results are consistent with prior findings that suggest that compensation committees shield CEOs from nonroutine transactions such as restructuring charges and extraordinary losses. Using a two‐task principal‐agent framework, we show that such shielding improves the efficiency of the contract by making the shielded income measure more congruent with the principal's objectives.     

Divide and Rule: Geographical Diversification and the Multinational Firm

We develop a model to illustrate a motive for FDI that derives from a firm's overall locational strategy. A firm, that initially has a plant in its home country, may choose to also have a foreign plant in order to improve its bargaining position versus local labour unions. This permits the firm to reduce wages. Furthermore, the existence of a second foreign plant acts to discipline the demands of foreign workers. Thus, the firm is faced with a link between the wage and its degree of geographical diversification. This drives up the number of plants the firm has in equilibrium.     

Effects of Location Diversification and Corporate Governance on Multinational Enterprises' Financial Performance and Risk‐taking: Evidence from Taiwanese Enterprises

This study investigates the location choice performance of foreign direct investment (FDI) originating from small‐ and medium‐sized multinational enterprises established in newly industrialized economies. In this study we integrate location diversification, breadth and corporate governance to examine the performance of Taiwanese enterprises investing in Chinese mainland. Examining Taiwanese manufacturing enterprises from foundational, traditional and high‐technology aspects, our findings demonstrate the following: (i) diversifying the location choice negatively affects the return of assets; (ii) investments in regions with an abundant population positively affect the performance of Taiwanese traditional manufacturing enterprises; and (iii) a higher percentage of insider holdings in Taiwanese enterprises results in better FDI performance. We conclude that the performance of FDI originating from Taiwanese enterprises varies depending on industrial and governance characteristics. We suggest that the location choice for Taiwan FDI in Chinese mainland should be determined by the characteristics of the industry. Chinese mainland should attract multinational enterprises from emerging markets according to the characteristics of regions.     

嵌入讨价还价博弈的经营者报酬对公司绩效影响研究

文章研究表明:董事会与CEO之间的权力博弈是影响CEO报酬和公司绩效关系的重要因素.中国国有上市公司董事会与CEO之间的博弈扭曲了CEO报酬机制,损害了CEO报酬对公司绩效的促进作用,应当从博弈的制度环境入手矫正上述博弈机制,理顺CEO报酬机制的作用机理.     

CEO薪酬与公司绩效关系研究综述

CEO薪酬与公司绩效关系的研究在学术界与现实管理中吸引着越来越多的关注,主要原因在于该主题的研究一直未有统一定论。而国外由于资本市场较发达,股权激励推行的时间较长等原因,研究较我国而言系统而深入。论文通过对国内外文献进行梳理,认为大多数研究进行的是现金薪酬、股权、期权三方面各自的或综合的高管薪酬与公司绩效之间关系的探讨,并对此进行系统综述,文末对比国外研究,提出了国内未来研究应注意的问题,以期为后续研究提供有益的借鉴。     

国有企业CEO继任机制理论研究与实践回顾

国有企业改革的成败很大程度上取决于国有企业的经营者,因此,能否成功选任继任者对国有企业改革具有重要意义。文章沿着改革的路线回顾国有企业CEO继任机制的演变,分析国有企业CEO继任现状,最后讨论国有企业CEO委任制存在的原因,提出国有企业CEO继任的发展方向。     

董事长和CEO两职分离的形式及影响因素综述

近年来,越来越多的企业选择董事长与CEO分离的治理形式。是什么促使了两职合一到两职分离,两职分离可以采用哪些形式,董事会又是基于何种考虑做出决策的?围绕这三个问题,通过对相关最新文献的梳理,从理论逻辑和实证研究的视角,首先对两职合一和两职分离问题的理论基础进行了回顾;其次对两职分离的三种形式进行界定;再次,对三种分离形式背后的影响因素及其因果机制进行归纳和分析,并提出了一个影响两职分离形式选择的概念性模型;最后概述了文章的主要内容,指出了未来可能的研究方向。     

The Impact of Mandated Disclosure on Performance‐Based CEO Compensation*

Regulators argue that mandated compensation disclosure improves corporate governance by permitting shareholders to enjoin boards of directors to reward executives in ways that are consistent with shareholder value creation. We posit that mandated compensation disclosure, or the absence thereof, has a greater impact on the CEO compensation practices of widely held firms than of closely held firms. More specifically, we expect that, in the absence of mandated disclosure, CEO compensation is likely to be less performance‐contingent among widely held firms than among closely held firms. Moreover, we also expect that the advent of mandated disclosure leads widely held firms to increase the extent to which CEO compensation is performance‐contingent, much more so than closely held firms would. We use a unique data base resulting from the Ontario Securities Commission amendment of regulation 638 in October 1993. For the first time, this amendment required firms listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange to provide detailed executive compensation data similar to those required by the Securities and Exchange Commission, for the current year as well as retroactively for the previous two years. We find that, in the absence of mandated disclosure, CEO cash compensation in widely held firms is less performance‐contingent than in closely held firms. With the imposition of mandated disclosure, performance‐contingent cash compensation increases more in widely held firms than in closely held firms. Results with respect to stock option grants are mixed, with both closely held and widely held firms reacting to the advent of mandated disclosure.     

上市公司总经理更替与董事会特征的实证研究

本文以2002—2004年间我国A股上市公司为研究对象,实证研究了上市公司总经理更替的影响因素。本文的研究发现,上市公司总经理更替受企业绩效影响非常显著;董事会领导权结构影响了董事会在总经理更替中有效性的发挥;独立董事基本不能发挥监督控制作用。本文的研究结果表明,政府监管层对上市公司独立董事比例的强制性制度安排在提高董事会监督效率上基本是无效的,上市公司存在比较明显的“弱”董事会和“弱”独立董事问题。     

企业网络的涌现及复杂性研究

企业网络是在企业个体理性选择的过程中,在企业之间非线性的相互作用下涌现出的一个结果。企业网络涌现是复杂经济系统自组织过程中出现的新的、协同的结构、模式和性质。企业网络具有复杂系统的主要特征,是一个复杂系统,企业网络的复杂性表现在联接复杂性、结构复杂性、动态性、自组织性、自相似性、演化复杂性等特点上。     

社会组织与农村贫困主体消除的多元化

贫困所描述的现象是由于制度缺失而导致的诸多社会现象中的一种。消除贫困是摆在中国政府面前的一项艰巨任务。我国目前农村贫困现象非常严重。政府一直是消除农村贫困的唯一主体。由于其自身所具备的特点,身处国家体制外社会组织参与扶贫对于缓解和消灭农村贫困现象,提高农村贫困救助的效率,实现农村贫困救助主体的多元化有良好的促进作用。     

要素禀赋、贸易成本与中国出口产品多元化的目标国差异——以“一带一路”沿线国家为例

文章基于2005-2014年中国对“一带一路”沿线国家HS-6出口产品数据,采用洛伦兹曲线和固定效应面板数据分别从理论和实证两个层面考察了要素禀赋和贸易成本对中国出口产品多元化的影响,在此基础上,进一步考虑了近年来中国对外直接投资（OFDI）的迅速增加对出口产品多元化的交互性影响。结果表明,中国与目标国之间的要素禀赋差异越小、地理距离越近、贸易一体化程度越高,中国出口到目标国的产品多元化水平越高;有形资本对出口产品多元化的影响最为显著,远远超过了人力资本和土地等其他要素禀赋;而OFDI的快速增长在一定程度上抑制了出口产品多元化水平的提高,意味着中国“走出去”战略应充分权衡出口多元化与OFDI的关系。     

连锁董事与企业绩效关系研究：基于多元化战略选择的视角

连锁董事作为企业战略决策者在跨组织边界上的重要联系,得到了越来越多企业的采用．并发挥着巨大的作用。而连锁董事与企业绩效之间的关系,国内外学者已进行了广泛讨论,佃尚未形成统一认识,特别是通过从企业多元化战略的角度来研究连锁董事与企业绩效之间的关系相对较少。在此背景下,该文通过对连锁董事、战略学习和多元化战略等三方面的内容进行相关文献的回顾和总结,系统梳理了连锁董事、多元化战略和企业绩效之间的内在机理和影响关系,从多元化战略视角,探索性地构建了连锁董事对企业绩效影响内在机理的理论研究框架,为后续的深入研究奠定了一定理论基础。     

民营企业多元化战略与非市场资源构建——基于浙江民营上市公司面板数据的实证分析

非市场资源与多元化战略关系的研究是从微观视角探讨我国经济改革中的重要问题。文章以浙江民营上市公司为研究对象,实证分析民营企业实施多元化战略和构建非市场资源之间的关系。实证结果表明:民营企业构建的非市场资源越多,其多元化程度越高;民营企业的多元化程度越高,越有利于其构建更多的非市场资源;民营企业积极采取非市场策略,构建非市场资源有助于改善多元化战略的绩效。最后,根据实证研究结论提出有针对性的建议。     

企业剩余资源与大战略集合模型——对多元化战略的一个新解释

在关于企业多元化战略的理论中,大战略集合模型从企业外部环境的角度对企业为何多元化、何时多元化给出了一种解释。文章首先分析了此模型在解释上的局限性。作为改进,在模型中加入了“企业剩余资源”这一来自企业自身的因素,并将剩余资源分为“暂时过剩”和“永久过剩”资源     

The Impact of Multinational Presence on Domestic Investment: Firm‐Level Evidence from South Korea

In order to analyze the effects of foreign multinationals' presence on domestic firms' investment, we use a detailed firm level data set from South Korea for the 2006–2014 period. We combine it with the input‐output tables provided by the Bank of Korea to construct industry level measures of multinational presence in sectors that are horizontally and vertically linked, and estimate dynamic investment equations that are augmented with these foreign presence measures. We find a positive and significant effect of foreign presence in both horizontally and vertically linked industries on domestic firm's investment rate, with larger effects arising from multinational presence in the supplying sectors. Quantitatively, a 2 percentage point increase in the presence of multinational suppliers increases the domestic firm's investment rate by 3.24 percentage points. We also find that this effect is larger for small and medium firms, private firms, nonexporters, firms that are not part of a chaebol, and for firms in external finance dependent industries. A similar 2 percentage point increase in the foreign presence in downstream sectors increases the investment rate of domestic suppliers by 0.55 percentage points. This effect is larger if the domestic firm is part of a chaebol, or is in a less external finance dependent industry. Investment increase by 0.53 percentage points following a 2 percentage point increase in horizontal linkages.     

Financial distress and non‐executive director compensation: Evidence from state‐owned enterprises in South Africa post King III

Using a sample of South African state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), we examine the pre‐ and post‐period impact of King III on non‐executive director (NED) compensation with emphasis on financially distressed SOEs. This paper adopts a difference‐in‐differences analysis technique with repeated measures as the basis for testing the hypotheses. The revised Altman Z‐score model which incorporates features unique to emerging markets is used to measure financial distress. Our findings indicate that SOEs that adopted King III will increase NED compensation when the firm has a positive performance and will severely penalize NED when the firm faces financial distress. This study highlights the importance of well‐crafted corporate governance policies. It further sheds light on the importance of King III and how its implementation may prove vital for the success of an enterprise.