确定土地所有权和使用权的若干规定

确定土地所有权和使用权的若干规定第一章总则第一条为了确定土地所有权和使用权，依法进行土地登记，根据有关的法律、法规和政策，制订本规第二条土地所有权和使用权由县级以上人民政府确定，土地管理部门具体承办。土地权属争议，由土地管理部门提出处理意见，报人民政...     

论城市土地定级权重确定方法之——综合集成赋权法

影响土地质量的因素很多，但对土地质量的影响程度并不相同，只有通过因素权重的科学确定才能正确揭示土地质量差异。如何确定城市土地定级权重系数，是土地资源综合评价中的核心问题。本文在分析传统主观、客观土地定级因素权重确定方法和土地定级因素与土地质量之间的联系的基础之上，提出同时体现主观和客观信息的综合集成赋权法，介绍了应用综合集成赋权法确定土地定级因素权重的具体方法，对综合集成赋权法运用于土地定级因素权重确定的可行性进行了探讨。     

山东省各级土地管理机关为同级人民法院确定土地行政执法联络员

山东省各级土地管理机关为同级人民法院确定土地行政执法联络员为加强法院与土地管理部门的工作联系，共同做好土地行政执法和土地行政案件的审判工作，最近山东省土地管理局、省高级人民法院共同商定，全省县级以上（含县级）土地管理机关为同级人民法院确定１－２名土地...     

农村拍卖“五荒”几个问题的探索

农村拍卖“五荒”几个问题的探索杨荣俊（一）土地资源评估和地价确定。土地拍卖中一个至关重要的问题是如何确定地价。只有合理的地价，才能调节土地资源的供求关系，促进土地的合理流动。合理确定地价是一个比较复杂的问题，目前．拍卖＂五荒＂刚刚起步，地价一时难以科...     

农用土地综合经济评价方法初探

本文依影响农地经济效果的各土地经济因素进行了农用土地的综合经济评价。在对各土地经济因素进行量化处理的基础上，通过建立土地纯收入与各因素的柯布－道路拉斯方程。确定了各因素的权重，并对其进行分级，建立了农用土地综合经济评价标准，由此确定土地的综合经济等级。     

确定土地产出率指标应注意的几个方面

确定土地产出率指标应注意的几个方面北京市昌平县土地管理局局长刘富林土地是一种有限的固定资源，也是一种特殊的资产。与其他资产不同，土地资产应该说在正常和平的社会环境中，是永远不会贬值，只会不断增值的资产。那么，土地既然在不断增值，就必须有一个参数来确定...     

土地收购如何界定价格内涵

土地储备以土地收购为前提，以促进城市土地合理利用和政府宏观调控土地市场为目标。在土地收购过程中，首先涉及土地产权关系的变化，产权关系的变化必然引起经济关系的转移，因此准确界定土地收购价格是合理实现土地收购过程中产权经济关系的关键。价格确定中存在的问题目前各地土地收购储备机构在实际操作过程中，对土地收购价格所应包含的具体内容，不同收购对象、不同收购方式应如何合理地确定收购价格，在认识上存在着很大的差异，因此在操作中也就存在着诸多困难。三种性质定位，适用条件不明确。目前在实践中对土地收购价格的性质定…     

浅析影响土地利用规划的不确定因素——以柳州市为例

土地利用规划的一个重要特征是对未来的导向性，规划过程中存在着众多不确定因素，了解规划中的不确定因素，采用合理手段尽量降低规划的不确定性是做好规划的关键之一。本文在不确定理论的基础上，通过剖析柳州市上轮规划存在的问题，进而从政策、经济、技术等方面分析了影响柳州市土地利用规划的不确定因素，最后针对这些不确定因素提出降低规划不确定性的措施建议——弹性规划．以提高柳州市土地利用规划编制和实施的科学性和可操作性。     

山东省土地经济评价初步研究

确定了１４个土地经济指标，以聚类分析方法进行了农用地经济评价。通过评价指标的筛选及定量分级，制订了山东省土地综合经济评级标准，进行土地综合经济评价。在此基础了进行了土地经济分区，将山东省土地划分为５个农用经济等级，７个土地综合经济等级，分为４个土地经济区。     

农村税费改革中确定农业税计税面积应注意的问题

农业税计税土地面积，是指按照国家农业税收条例的规定应当计征农业税的土地面积。确定农业税计税土地面积，是农村税费改革的一项基础性工作，事关新的农业税任务的核定落实，事关广大农民的切身利益，事关农村税费改革的成败。根据多年基层工作经验，笔者认为，在农村税费改革中确定农业税计税土地面积应注意以下问题：——计税土地不宜重新丈量。中共中央、国务院《关于进行农村税费改革试点工作的通知》（中发[２０００]７号）规定：“农民承包土地从事农业生产的，计税土地为第二轮承包用于农业生产的土地。”这一规定，从原则上对这次…     

Expenditure on different categories of meat in Greece: the influence of changing tastes

This paper employs a latent variable approach to isolate the effects of changing tastes on the share of total meat expenditure on different categories of meat products in Greece during the period 1965–1995. We find that changes in the relative expenditure on different categories of meat cannot be explained by changes in the relative prices of the different meat products and increased expenditure alone. For pork products in particular, the increase in the share of expenditure has been greater than would be expected as a result of the relative fall in their price. The increase can therefore be associated with changes in taste. This finding is of general interest to those conducting empirical research into consumer behaviour both in economies where there have been significant changes in patterns of food consumption, and where, as in the case of many less industrialised economies, rapid structural changes in food consumption patterns are still to come. It is also of importance to policy makers in assessing die effectiveness of advertising or promotional campaigns in influencing longer term changes in consumer preferences for different products.     

Is there a slowdown in agricultural productivity growth in South America?

This article estimates agricultural productivity growth in 10 South American countries in 1969–2009 with the objective of investigating if the slowdown being measured in other countries is present in the region. Results show that productivity growth accounts for half of the three‐fold increase in agricultural output during this period and that performance is sensitive to R&D investments in the sector. The slowdown found for the 1990s to 2000s in the U.S. and some European economies does not seem to be present yet in South America. The region's total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate increased steadily from 1.07% during the 1970s to 2.29% during the 2000s. Given lags in adoption and the adaptive nature of innovations in these economies, we have yet to see the potential effects in South American agriculture of decreases in R&D in advanced economies.     

江西省县域农民现代化发展水平评价及区域差异分析

目的 基于乡村振兴战略有关要求以及新阶段“三农”发展现状、特征构建农民现代化综合评价指标体系,对2019年江西省103县（区）的农民现代化发展水平进行测度和评价。方法 文章综合运用层次分析法和熵值法从职业素质、生活水平、生活环境、健康水平、市民化水平五方面选取了15个指标构建农民现代化综合评价指标体系,找出影响江西省农民现代化发展的主要因素,并对2019年江西省103县（区）的农民现代化水平进行测度。结果 （1）江西省农民现代化发展水平主要受职业素质、人均可支配收入、市民化水平等的影响;（2）江西省农民现代化发展水平总体评价值为0.565 5,空间分布上呈现出“西部高东部低,北部高南部低”的趋势;（3）从一级指标发展水平空间分布来看,农民职业素质发展水平、生活水平、生活环境发展水平、市民化发展水平均呈现出显著的多维性和异质性。其中,职业素质发展水平呈现出“西部高东部低,南部高北部低”的特征,生活水平、生活环境发展水平、市民化发展水平均呈现出“西部高东部低,北部高南部低”的特征。结论 江西省农民现代化发展进程还有待推进,未来应该在加大农民职业教育培训力度、扩大农民增收渠道、加快促进农民就地市民化、加强区域间农民现代化发展交流合作等方面加强政策引导与支持,进一步提高农民现代化发展水平。     

Impacts of the End of the Coffee Export Quota System on International‐to‐Retail Price Transmission

We examine the impact of the end of the coffee export quota system (EQS) on international‐to‐retail price transmission in France, Germany and the United States. We take account of the existence of long‐run threshold effects and short‐run price transmission asymmetries (PTAs). We find evidence of threshold effects in both periods (EQS and post‐EQS) in all three countries and the presence of short‐run PTAs during the post‐EQS period in all countries, but not during the EQS period. Our results indicate that the threshold values are smaller in the post‐EQS period, suggesting that retail prices became more responsive to changes in international prices. However, the speed of adjustment towards the long‐run equilibrium decreases during the post‐EQS period in the three countries. In the short run, non‐linear impulse response analyses indicate that a shock in international prices was more persistent during the EQS period than in the post‐EQS period. Moreover, we find evidence of short‐run PTAs in the post‐EQS period, with differences across countries. We find support for the ‘rockets and feathers’ principle in the United States; in contrast, retail prices respond faster when international prices are falling in Germany and France. We explain these differences in terms of market structures.     

Food security,the labor market,and poverty in the Brazilian bio‐economy

This article deals with the social implications of ethanol expansion in Brazil. The evolution of the labor market in sugarcane production in the country is analyzed together with its regional patterns of expansion, to illustrate how changes in the recent expansion are modifying the traditional pattern of labor demand in the activity. At the same time, the distributional effects of sugarcane expansion, as well as it's impacts on food security and land use change was approached with the aid of general equilibrium simulation models. The analysis shows that both the average earnings and the average years of schooling in sugarcane production are actually higher than in general agriculture in Brazil, and that this is linked to the growing increase in production in the Southeast and Central‐West. Sugarcane production in these regions is more capital intensive and has a much higher productivity than in other traditional regions in Northeast Brazil. The study concludes that the expansion in sugarcane production according to actual patterns does not have a negative effect on poverty, and has only minor impacts on food prices and deforestation. The increase in the regional economic imbalances within the country appears to be the problem that requires attention.     

影响山西省农村居民点整理的现实因素分析

研究目的:通过农村居民点整理的影响因素分析,探索山西省农村居民点整理的可行性。研究方法:理论分析与实证分析相结合。研究结果:(1)从房屋的结构和利用来看,山西省农村居民点整理的潜力为6.2%—8.0%;(2)从当前农村人口迁移的角度看,农村居民点整理的潜力很大,全省总体水平应该在20%以上;(3)从农村人口迁移前后农村居民点条件差异的角度,土地整理后增加耕地、建设用地数量要打折扣;(4)整村搬迁和拆旧平空是农村居民点整理的两种方式,适合不同情况;(5)农村居民点整理需要政府在资金方面给予大力支持;(6)向小项目倾斜、向基层倾斜是分散、小型的农村居民点整理的管理模式。研究结论:山西省农村居民点整理有巨大潜力,应该优先从耕地整理潜力大的几个盆地开展,优先实施拆旧平空的旧村改造。     

Genetic Information in Agricultural Productivity and Product Development

Two prominent features of recent changes in agriculture have been the advent of precision breeding techniques and an increase in the level of information netputs in production. This article identifies ways in which these features may complement in expanding the variety of processed products, level of productivity, and rate of change in productivity. Using a martingale concept of information, we identify conditions under which information increases the incentives to invest and engage in product differentiation activities. A theory on how genetic uniformity can enhance the rate of learning through process experimentation, and so the rate of technical change, is developed.     

Changing land use intensity in Europe – Recent processes in selected case studies

In recent decades the intensification of agricultural production in many European countries has been one of the key components of land-use change. The impact of agricultural intensification varies according to national and local contexts and a greater understanding of the drivers of intensification will help to mitigate against its negative impacts and harness potential benefits. This paper analyses changes in land use intensity in six case studies in Europe. A total of 437 landowners were interviewed and their responses were analysed in relation to changes in land use intensity and agricultural production between 2001 and 2011. In the case studies in Western and Eastern Europe we observed stabilisation during the last decade, and no clear tendency of increase or decrease of land use intensity. The use of fertilizers and pesticides seems to have decreased in our cases in Western Europe, which is contrary to trends in Eastern Europe. Agricultural production remained stable in almost all cases, except for an increase in Austria and Romania which may indicate that the farming efficiency has increased. A statistical analysis showed a division between study areas in Romania and Austria (increasing land use intensity) versus those in the Netherlands, Denmark and Greece (decreasing). In the Mediterranean cases we observe a process where agriculture is becoming increasingly marginalised, at the same time as changes in function with regard to urbanisation and recreational land uses have taken place. Logistic regression highlighted the importance of farm size and farmer type in understanding changes in land use intensity. The dominant pattern of stabilisation which has occurred over the past 10 years may also partly be a result of effective EU and national environmental and agricultural policies, which are increasingly concerned with improving environmental conditions in rural areas.     

江西省乡村聚落空间分布及评价

［目的］通过江西省乡村聚落发展及演变现状对其空间分布特征进行研究,并从乡村聚落发展优化的角度提出具体建议,对江西省乡村振兴战略实施具有重要的借鉴意义。［方法］运用GIS102操作平台对江西省乡村聚落空间分布情况以乡村聚落密度、乡村规模以及人口密度进行空间等级划分,通过计算最临近点指数、地理集中指数和地理联系率分析其空间分布特征。［结果］江西省市域和县域内的乡村聚落在乡村规模、人口密度以及聚落分布密度上存在较大差异,分布呈现不均衡的特点,且与经济发展和人口密度在空间上的均衡、配合程度较高。［结论］(1)江西省乡村聚落分布密度在空间上存在较大差异,形成以南昌市为中心,包含宜春市、萍乡市和上饶市大部分县域的北部密集区,主要为北部赣江流域下游平原和鄱阳湖平原地区,抚州市南部和赣州市大部分区域乡村聚落分布密度较小; (2)江西省乡村聚落在空间上整体呈集聚型分布且分布不均衡的特点; (3)其乡村规模较大的聚落多分布在上饶、赣州、九江和宜春等地,反映出江西省丘陵区和山地区的乡村聚落规模较大。     

Wind power planning in France (Aveyron), from state regulation to local planning

The development of wind energy in France presents an exemplary case of contrast between the policy instrument and its effectiveness in terms of installed wind power capacity. After 7 years of one of the highest feed-in tariffs in the world, the installed capacity in France is still very low. This is notably due to a diffuse pattern of administrative landscape protection which impacts on the construction of wind power potential. In turn, the pace of wind power development can be understood only by looking in more detail at the way in which landscape is dealt with in local planning processes. This paper examines the question using the case of Aveyron in southern France. We follow the shifting ways in which landscape is enrolled in wind power planning, in a context where new planning instruments favor an incipient decentralization in wind power policy. The case points to a change in both the networks and the concepts involved in the design of landscape representations that underlie the construction of wind power potential. We show that this change has been forced by the far-reaching and decentralized visual impacts of wind power technology, suggesting that technology is recomposing the social as part of its development process and questioning the very meaning and perception that is given to landscape.