中国-东盟新能源合作效应分析

能源与环境问题已经成为近几年的一个热点问题,随着化石燃料的不断开采,全球在未来可能会产生能源危机,随着中国和东盟经济的发展,近几年中国和东盟的贸易往来密切,而中国和东盟都面临能源短缺的问题,中国和东盟开展新能源领域的合作将会有效的促进两国的经济发展,缓解能源短缺的问题,减少二氧化碳的排放量.本文以中国和东盟的二氧化碳排放量、单位GDP能耗、和新能源合作指数来分析中国和东盟开展新能源合作的潜在经济效益与环境效益,结果表明,中国与东盟开展新能源领域的合作能促进双方的经济发展,减少二氧化碳的排放量,而经济的发展又会增加中国与东盟开展新能源合作的潜在利益.     

论外资引进对发展我国低碳经济的影响

文章运用1997年-2007年中国人均二氧化碳排放量、人均国民生产总值和人均外商经济固定资产投资额相关数据进行回归分析,从规模效应、技术效应和结构效应三方面探讨我国外资的引进对二氧化碳排放量的影响。结果表明:现阶段外资的引进加剧了我国二氧化碳的排放,不利于发展低碳经济,应该对外资的引进进行合理引导,进而促进我国低碳经济的发展。     

基于EKC假说的碳排放与经济增长关系实证研究

基于EKC理论,采用27个省份2009—2014年我国二氧化碳排放量与人均GDP数据,研究我国二氧化碳排放量与人均GDP的关系。结果发现:无论是从27个省份整体,还是依照地域将其分为东部、中部、西部,其二氧化碳排放量与经济发展的曲线关系均满足EKC假说中的倒"U"型曲线,但是其拐点却存在着不同。整体来看,在未来6~7年可以达到相应拐点;东部可能需要在未来8~10年甚至更久才能达到相应的拐点;中部正处于倒"U"型的下降阶段;西部此时接近拐点期。在此基础之上提出了减缓二氧化碳排放量增长、发展低碳经济、提高碳减排技术和能源利用率的建议。     

河北省发展低碳经济的现状及对策

我国经济正处于快速发展的关键时期,面对二氧化碳排放量高居世界首位的压力,发展低碳经济将成为我国未来经济可持续发展的必然选择。河北省地处＂京津冀环渤海经济圈＂,近年来随着工业化、信息化进程的加快,GDP快速增长,2010年跃居全国第六,     

发达国家低碳经济发展成效及启示——中国国际问题研究所汪巍先生访谈录

在经济发展的同时,降低经济增长所带来的二氧化碳排放量,已经成为全球共识,"低碳经济"在这种背景下应运而生。低碳经济是全球应对气候变化、实现经济可持续发展的一种新经济发展模式,是以低能耗、低污染为基础的经济,在发展中排放最少的温室气体,同时获得整个社会最大的产出。低碳经济被人们认为是继工业革命、信息革命后,第五波改变世界经济的浪潮。新能源、清洁能源、生物质能源、可再生能源等都是低碳经济格局中的一部分。如何发展"低碳经济",走出一条适合自己的低碳经济之路,各国都在探索中前进。近日,本刊记者就发达国家推进低碳经济发展的政策和措施等问题,采访了中国国际问题研究所汪巍先生。     

发展低碳经济的市场机制设计

二氧化碳的过度排放引致的全球气候变暖问题日益凸显,造成了极端天气频繁出现,已给人们生产与生活带来了了很大的负面影响。节约传统能源、发展新能源、控制二氧化碳的排放速度,是应对气候变暖的必由之路,以低能耗、低排放、低污染为特征的低碳经济是未来经济发展方式的新选择。如何发展低碳经济?我们从市场机制设计角度论述了抑制高耗能、高排放及发展新能源的办法,主要分为能源定价机制、新能源激励机制和碳税征收机制的设计。     

物流业发展对低碳经济影响的实证研究

在对我国低碳经济水平进行评估以及对物流行业的能源消耗数据进行估算的基础上,以低碳经济水平为因变量、物流碳排放强度和单位GDP物流成本为自变量,构建多元线性回归模型。回归结果表明:单位GDP物流成本和物流碳排放强度均与低碳经济发展水平呈强的负相关;物流业对低碳经济发展的影响表现在物流业碳排放造成的直接影响和物流业发展对低碳经济的间接影响两个方面。据此,提出了我国低碳物流发展建议。     

我国工业分行业二氧化碳排放差异及影响因素分析——基于改进的STIRPAT模型的面板数据实证分析

以能源强度、能源消费、固定资产投资、产业结构以及滞后一期的二氧化碳排放量为基础,利用改进的STIRPAT模型,采用面板固定效应进行回归分析,对中国工业39分行业二氧化碳排放影响因素进行实证研究。其中以能源强度为代表的能源技术、产业结构、能源消费是影响工业碳减排的主要因素。最后提出了减少二氧化碳排放的相关政策和建议,以适应中国的节能减排以及低碳经济之路。     

重庆市发展低碳经济的思考

发展低碳经济是发展绿色GDP,新能源开发,提高能源利用的新的经济模式,它的发展对重庆意义重大。重庆市的高碳经济现状,指出高碳能源依赖,单位产值能耗高,以及环境保护问题,提出了优化产业结构,发展服务业,转变能源结构以及完善法律法规,确保发展低碳重庆的建议。     

中国政府规制下的低碳经济发展研究

在全球气候不断变暖引起各国政府关注的情况下,低碳经济便应运而生了。低碳经济是一种新的经济发展模式,它强调以较少的温室气体获得较大的经济产出。中国作为最大的发展中国家,也是二氧化碳排放量最多的国家。中国政府在向低碳经济转型的过程中应利用法律、经济各种手段,健全低碳经济领域的法律体系,优化能源结构,调整产业结构,同时加强与国际间的合作,大力宣传低碳经济,倡导绿色消费,不断进行低碳经济的技术创新。     

中国CO_2排放与经济增长联动性实证分析

笔者在测算我国1953年～2007年间CO2排放量的基础上,通过对数据的经济计量检验,建立联立方程组模型,研究CO2排放量与人均GDP间双向因果关系,并分析各种因素对CO2排放量的影响。实证结果显示,我国CO2排放量与人均GDP间变动关系并不是简单EKC模型中的倒U型,有着更为复杂的相互作用关联。人均GDP提高导致CO2排放量上升的同时,能源利用效率的提高、能源消费结构的改善,以及资本设备更新速度的加快,都将减少CO2排放。     

中国温室气体排放、能源消费与经济增长的实证分析

本文利用时间序列计量经济方法检验了中国的CO2排放量与能源消费、GDP、对外贸易、资本形成、人口等变量之间的关系。研究发现变量之间存在长期的均衡关系。长期内变量之间存在着双向因果关系;而在短期内,存在着GDP、能源消费、对外贸易、资本形成到CO2排放量等四种单向因果关系,其中CO2排放、能源消费、GDP和资本形成在各自的因果关系中所起的作用尤为显著。实证结果也发现能源消费对CO2排放具有加速影响趋势,对外贸易对CO2排放的影响也十分关键,而且变量之间存在着一个稳定的CO2排放方程。相应的政策建议是,中国应该实施低碳经济战略,加快低碳转型,发展低碳经济。     

国际贸易对我国CO2排放增长的影响——基于SDA与LMDI结合的分解法

本文采用结构分解法与对数平均迪氏指数相结合的新分解方法,将我国CO2排放的增长分解为能源效率效应、能源替代效应、技术效应、国内最终需求效应、出口效应、进口效应6项,并重点考察了出口效应、进口效应以及两者的综合效应。结果表明,1992-2005年期间,我国CO2排放呈现出加速增长的趋势,主要是由国内需求所推动,而非国际贸易效应。出口起到了较大的增排效应,而进口具有显著的减排效应,两者相抵后的综合效应较小,但2002年以后国际贸易对CO2排放增长的影响开始显著增强。其他因素对CO2排放增长的影响表现为:能源效率的提高具有显著的减排效应,而能源替代从减排效应转为增排效应,技术效应具有持续增强的增排效应。     

旅游线路产品能源消耗及二氧化碳排放量估算方法及实证分析

旅游业节能减排目标的实现需落实到旅游企业、旅游者的推广与实践方能实现。旅游线路一直是旅游市场的主力产品,然而对其能源消耗及CO2排放的评估却是空白。基于碳排放理论及游客消费特征,提出其能源消耗和CO2排放估算模型。以三种海南旅游产品为例,计算并分析各线路的能源消耗及CO2排放量。结果表明:各产品能源消耗及CO2排放量从大到小依次是行、食、住、游、购、娱;交通方式、从客源地到目的地距离、产品结构及能源类型是影响其能源消耗及排放量结构的主要因素;旅游活动产生的温室气体不容忽视;旅游业面临节能减排的压力。     

Modelling the nonlinear relationship between CO2 emissions from oil and economic growth

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from oil and GDP, using panel data from 1971 to 2007 of 98 countries. Previous studies have discussed the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, but little attention has been paid to the existence of a nonlinear relationship between these two variables. We argue that there exists a threshold effect between the two variables: different levels of economic growth bear different impacts on oil CO2 emissions. Our empirical results do not support the EKC hypothesis. Additionally, the results of short-term analyses of static and dynamic panel threshold estimations suggest the efficacy of a double-threshold (three-regime) model. In the low economic growth regime, economic growth negatively affects oil CO2 emissions growth; in the medium economic growth regime, however, economic growth positively impacts oil CO2 emissions growth; and in the high economic growth regime, the impact of economic growth is insignificant.     

中国工业部门碳排放与GDP脱钩因素影响力分析

基于Tapio脱钩模型,对2000．2008年间中国工业部门碳排放与能耗脱钩、能耗与GDP脱钩对碳排放与GDP脱钩影响力进行了实证研究。结果表明：中国工业部门在实现碳排放与GDP脱钩上取得比较显著的成绩;能耗脱钩影响力均值为正,能耗受经济驱动较小对碳排放与GDP脱钩做出了相当的贡献;排放脱钩影响力均值为负,碳排放受能耗驱动力较为明显,对工业部门碳排放与GDP脱钩产生了负向影响。为使中国工业部门在碳排放与GDP脱钩上取得更显著的效果,应加大能耗与GDP脱钩力度,同时政府应大力支持碳捕集利用与封存等低碳和零碳技术研发与应用,逐步改善碳排放与能耗整体挂钩的态势。     

A multi-factor efficiency perspective to the relationships among world GDP, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions

Most of the research articles on climate change study the relationships between economic growth, and, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission or energy consumption separately for analyzing the impacts of economic growth and energy consumption on global carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, the linkages among CO₂ emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and energy consumption are studied simultaneously using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The time period considered for the study is 1980-2001. The results show that world in the year 1980 was the most efficient in achieving the highest economic growth, emitting least carbon dioxide for a given level of energy consumption for that year. The efficiency index reduced in the next 8 years, fluctuated with a declining trend for the next 7 years, and began to rise from 1996 till 2001. The model is further extended in this paper for technology forecasting to identify the links between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for achieving projected levels of GDP under two different assumptions on efficiency index. It has been identified using the forecasting model that, when the carbon dioxide emissions are restricted to the levels emitted in the year 1990 and when the efficiency index for the year 2025 is assumed to be at the level registered for the year 1980 (highest value), the non-fossil energy consumption needed to meet the GDP level projected for 2025 will be much smaller (35.46 quadrillion Btu for the reference GDP) than the values actually recorded in the year 1990 (44.59). However, the non-fossil energy consumption in 2025 (118.8) increases much more than the actual recorded in the year 1990 when the efficiency index in 2025 is assumed to be at the level registered for the year 1990.     

Shaping the Relationship Between Economic Development and Carbon Dioxide Emissions at the Local Level: Evidence from Spatial Econometric Models

The debate over the correlation between economic growth and environmental pollution has attracted a great deal of attention from academic researchers and policy makers in recent years. There has been excessive use of spatial econometric models and too much emphasis on statistical procedures in empirical studies. In this study, we contribute to the existing literature by conducting a more rigorous analysis of the relationship between economic growth and \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) emissions in Chinese cities using spatial Durbin models. Our results show that \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) emissions increase monotonically in relation to economic growth at the city level and that the driving effects of economic growth are slightly smaller in central China than in eastern and western China. In addition to economic growth, industry’s share of the economy is a major driver of \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) emissions, while technological improvement, measured by energy intensity per unit of gross domestic product (GDP), and the effectiveness of environmental governance flatten the shape of the environmental Kuznets curve. We provide evidence of local spillover effects of explanatory variables on \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) emissions. Economic competition as well as technological diffusion are found to exist in Chinese cities in relation to \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) emissions. We also find carbon leakage between cities only if the per capita GDP of a given city is less than $493 (in 2010 constant dollars). Results hold when robustness checks are performed. Policy makers should carefully consider regional differences and the inherent spatial interactions between factors when formulating carbon reduction policies.     

A multivariate time series analysis of energy consumption,real output and pollutant emissions in a developing economy: New evidence from Nepal

Mountain economies will have to play a central role in attaining the global pursuit of green economic growth as crucial bearers of ecosystems goods and services. However, these economies are not adequately represented in the development policy debates in spite of their fundamental importance towards global sustainable development. This study examines the inter relationships between energy consumption, output and carbon emissions in a developing mountainous economy using an augmented Vector Autoregression model. Time-series data over the period 1975–2013 is studied applying a multivariate framework using population and gross fixed capital formation as additional variables for Nepal. Testing for Granger causality between integrated variables based on asymptotic theory reveals a long-run unidirectional Granger causality running from GDP to energy consumption, and a unidirectional Granger causality running from carbon emissions to GDP. We suggest that the government of Nepal can address energy poverty by accelerating the adoption energy conservation policies such as rationing energy consumption and energy efficiency improvements to narrow the energy supply-demand gap. The opportunity to promote the uptake of decentralised off-grid renewable technologies in remote areas and the large scale development of hydropower at the national level also needs to be prioritized. Our results remain robust across different estimators and contributes to an emerging literature on the nexus relationships between energy consumption, income and carbon emissions in mountainous developing economies.     

基于产业结构和能源结构的河南省碳排放分解分析

采用IPCC提出的计算方法,根据1978到2008年能源消费数据,分析了河南省碳排放变化趋势,并根据河南省近年来的产业结构数和能源结构数据分析了其对碳排量的影响。研究表明:河南省碳排放量与GDP和能源消费保持着高相关和消长异步的特性,工业部门是碳排放的主要部门,而高能耗行业排碳量又占到工业的90%;从能源来看,煤炭是碳排放的主体。针对碳排放、产业结构和能源结构的特点,提出了调整产业结构、加快能源结构演进、发展低碳技术、开发新能源等应对策略。