专业化产业集聚、要素流动与区域工业化——克鲁格曼中心-外围模型新发展

文章扩展了贸易成本的范围,认为贸易成本不仅包括产品运输成本,而且也包括要素流动成本,并引入前后向产业联系,在此基础上发展了可解的中心—外围模型,并探讨了在各种条件下相应的经济学含义,认为在推动我国区域经济一体化的进程中,对落后地区的技术支持必不可少,并应重视区域间产业发展的互动,否则,我国区域经济一体化进程将难以有效推进。     

专业化产业集聚、要素流动与区域工业化——克鲁格曼中心一外围模型新发展

文章扩展了贸易成本的范围，认为贸易成本不仅包括产品运输成本，而且也包括要素流动成本，并引入前后向产业联系，在此基础上发展了可解的中心一外围模型，并探讨了在各种条件下相应的经济学含义，认为在推动我国区域经济一体化的进程中，对落后地区的技术支持必不可少，并应重视区域问产业发展的互动，否则，我国区域经济一体化进程将难以有效推进。     

专业化产业集聚、空间成本与区域工业化

本文扩展了贸易成本的范围，认为贸易成本不仅包括产品运输成本，而且也包括要素流动成本，并引入前后向产业联系，认为中间产品使用及种类的增加所创造的成本和需求联系效应有利于提高最终产品的生产效率。在此基础上文章发展了可解的中心一外围模型，并探讨了在各种条件下相应的经济学含义，认为在推动我国区域经济一体化的进程中，对落后地区的技术支持必不可少，重视区域间产业发展的互动，否则，我国区域经济一体化进程难以有效推进。     

区域经济一体化进程中政府间合作模式研究

改革开放以来,随着市场经济体制的逐步确立及不断深化,我国区域经济的联系和发展不断扩大,区域经济合作的领域和范围不断拓宽,合作规模也不断增大,并形成了一些重要经济区域,促进并加快了我国区域经济一体化进程。伴随着区域经济一体化进程中纵向及横向经济联系的广泛深入,政府间的合作模式及路径选择在区域经济一体化进程中发挥着重要作用。     

长三角经济圈区域物流一体化探析

长三角经济圈是我国经济最具发展前景的区域,近几年来,通过紧密的产业和交通联系,经济融合度日益提高,区域经济一体化进程不断加快。伴随着长三角区域经济一体化的快速发展,必然要求区域物流一体化为其提供动力保障。文章认为,只要长三角各市能从区域经济一体化的大局出发,树立科学的发展观,充分运用现代信息技术,以区域物流资源整合为抓手,统一规划,加强协调沟通,消除行政阻隔和地方保护主义,就一定能实现区域物流一体化,为区域经济一体化的长足发展提供服务保障。     

外贸依存度较高对我国的影响及对策

外贸依存度反映了一国经济与整个世界经济发生联系的程度,并在一定程度上反映了对外贸易在国民经济中的重要性。近年来,不断提高的外贸依存度,一方面,加速了我国经济参与全球一体化的进程,推动了国内产业升级;另一方面,也带来了经济运行风险加大、贸易摩擦增加、自主创新能力降低等消极影响。因此,大力发展服务贸易、促进贸易升级、优化出口结构、扩大对外投资是推动我国对外贸易科学发展的重要举措。     

从空间经济学看东亚区域经济一体化进程

本文从空间经济学的角度对东亚区域经济一体化对东亚地区的产业集聚、产业转移、跨国投资对东道国企业的影响以及区域共同发展的可能性进行了分析。在此基础上,从区域共同发展的角度对东亚经济一体化进程的路径选择进行了展望,并就我国应该采取的应对措施提出一些建议。     

从贸易结构看中、日、韩经济一体化的机遇与挑战

相交于经济全球化趋势的区域经济一体化在世界各地表现日益明显。以中国、日本、韩国为核心的东北亚,是当今全球最活跃的经济区域之一。三国经贸往来在近年连创新高、相互的贸易依存度越来越大。但到目前,三国之间还没有形成一个紧密的联系体。如何在政策上相互协调以促进三国经济的进一步发展,已经成为中日韩共同面临的问题。文章从贸易结构角度探讨三国经济一体化的机遇与挑战,为三国之间的贸易结构调整与互动,进而推进中日韩经济一体化进程提供决策参考。     

不完全竞争产业的区域壁垒分析

改革开放以来，随着我国市场化改革的不断深化，区域间经济联系越来越紧密，区域合作的范围和领域不断拓展，经济一体化的进程明显加快。但与此同时，各个地区政府主导的“行政区经济”和保护主义，增加了地方之间贸易的交易成本，严重地阻碍着区域经济一体化的进程。据法国经济学家sandra Poncet的研究，1997年中国国内省级间商品贸易平均关税达到46％，比10年前整整提高了10％。     

亚太区域经济一体化的进程与影响因素

在贸易集团化和区域经济一体化成为整个世界经济发展的两大趋势的背景下,对亚太地区经济一体化进程的关注显得格外重要。本文以区域经济一体化组织形态理论为依据,结合亚太地区经济一体化的现状,得出了亚太区域经济一体化进程目前尚属于较低级的起步阶段的结论,从经济方面分析了影响亚太区域经济一体化进程的因素,对促进亚太区域经济一体化提出了建议。     

The examination of pecan price differences using spatial correlation estimation

A spatial analysis is used to model factors that explain the price received by pecan growers. Besides the statistical aspect of the study focussing on spatial autoregressive residuals, the economic analysis of the paper identifies linkages between the price for in-shell pecans received by growers and the characteristics of the orchard, production costs and resources, and the orchard location.     

Distance,skill deepening and development: will peripheral countries ever get rich?

This paper models the relationship between countries' distance from global economic activity, endogenous investments in education and economic development. Firms in remote locations pay greater trade costs on both exports and intermediate imports, reducing the amount of value added left to remunerate domestic factors of production. If skill-intensive sectors have higher trade costs, more pervasive input–output linkages or stronger increasing returns to scale, we show theoretically that remoteness depresses the skill premium and therefore incentives for human capital accumulation. Empirically, we exploit structural relationships from the model to demonstrate that countries with lower market access have lower levels of educational attainment. We also show that the world's most peripheral countries are becoming increasingly economically remote over time.     

Location of vertically linked industries: agglomeration versus comparative advantage

This paper analyses the effects of trade liberalisation on the location of manufacturing firms that are vertically linked and differ in factor intensities. I extend the new economic geography literature, by embedding a model with vertical linkages within a Heckscher-Ohlin framework. I show that lower trade costs can lead to an agglomeration of all upstream and downstream firms in one country, even when they differ in factor intensities. These industrial location patterns do not always lead to factor price convergence; and may result in an increase in returns to both factors in the country where the agglomeration locates.     

Trade,transport costs and trade imbalances: An empirical examination of international markets and backhauls

The US trade deficit has been growing for over 25 years and has been accompanied by enlarging freight rate differentials. While traditional models of trade have ignored these gaps assuming symmetry across all bilateral trade costs, the specific linkages between trade imbalances and international transportation costs have remained unexplored. Given the current trade policies, the implications arising from the endogenous adjustment of bilateral transport costs to policy-induced changes in the US trade deficit are of particular importance. To break new ground on this issue, we develop and estimate a model of international trade and transportation that accounts for the effects of persistent trade imbalances. The theoretical results are supported by our empirical analysis and indicate that bilateral transport costs adjust to a country's trade imbalance. The implication is that a unilateral import policy, for example, will cause spillover effects into the bilaterally integrated export market. To illustrate, we use our empirical results to simulate the anticipated spillover effect from the Chinese ban on waste imports. We find that China's ban and the projected 1.5% rise in the US trade deficit will lead to not only a 0.77% reduction of transport costs charged on US exports to China but also a 0.34% increase in transport costs on US imports from China.     

The sensitivity of climate-economy CGE models to energy-related elasticity parameters: Implications for climate policy design

A dynamic climate-economy CGE model based on the GTAP framework is used to analyse how sensitive simulation results are to alternative values assumed by several types of elasticity of substitution in energy-related linkages. Input substitutability in the production function is also tested for the relationship between capital and energy in different manufacturing sectors. The simulation exercise reveals that the model produces highly differentiated results when different sets of elasticity parameters are adopted. As a general result, lower substitutability values correspond to a reduction in the flexibility of energy substitution possibilities, making carbon abatement efforts more expensive. Moreover, this restriction generates changes in the distribution of costs associated with abatement efforts across regions. This brings to severe implications on international competitiveness especially for energy-intensive industrial sectors. The direct implication derived from this work is that in order to use CGE models to assess the amount and distribution of mitigation costs and to inform the international community involved in discussing the feasibility of climate policies, the use of empirically estimated behavioural parameters at the highest possible disaggregation level is highly recommended.     

On the Linkages of the Stock Markets of the NAFTA Countries: Fundamentals or Speculative Bubbles?

We analyze whether the linkages between the stock markets of the NAFTA member countries (Canada, Mexico, and the United States) reflect movements in fundamentals or speculative bubbles. To this end, we estimate a state-space model to decompose the stock market indexes of the three NAFTA member countries into fundamentals and speculative bubbles. We analyze the linkages of the three stock markets by means of cointegration techniques. Evidence of cointegration linkages between fundamentals is stronger than evidence of cointegration linkages between speculative bubbles.     

Economic impact analysis of industrial projects: An approach

A method of calculating economic impact of industrial project proposals is described. The method identifies the benefits and costs of a project to the enterprise and to government, as well as its impact on the economy as a whole, with or without government assistance or intervention in any form. Entrepreneurial and social potentials or driving forces are identified, together with potentials common to both. The analytical method, called economic fertility analysis, employs a large input-output model of the economy to generate a series of impact elements, including increased economic activity, new government revenues, trade balance effects, new capital generation, personal savings, consumer expenditures, and employment. These elements are used to calculate simple income and employment multipliers, forward and backward linkages, and cash flows through the economy resulting from the project. A method of comparing different types of investments or interventions in the economy thus becomes available.     

How does technology transfer affect backward linkages? A motivating example theoretical analysis

This paper develops a model in which the presence of a multinational leads to a technology transfer to its local suppliers and also modifies the degree of backward linkages in the local economy. First, we identify the domestic market characteristics under which the multinationals increase the level of backward linkages when they enter these markets. Moreover, we investigate the conditions under which the multinational could even benefit itself from transferring technology to its local suppliers. Finally, when the multinational transfers technology, we show when the level of backward linkages in the local economy increases.     

How pervasive is the effect of culture on stock market linkages? Evidence across regions and economic cycles

We conduct a comprehensive study on the effect of culture on stock market linkages. With data on 25 national stock markets, a quantile regression model is used to estimate the determinants of market linkages using culture variable/s such as language, religion and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions while controlling for distance, economic and legal variables. Further, we test whether these effects hold across regions and if changes are detected during periods of market crisis. We also test if market liquidity, an indicator of market efficiency, diminishes the impact of culture on market linkages. The main conclusion is that culture preferences shape investor choices, which affects integration between stock markets. The equity markets with similar cultural traits tend to increase market linkages; however, we observe differences across regions. Furthermore, liquidity and economic uncertainty fail to have an impact on the significance of culture variable/s as determinants of market linkages.