Applying marketing principles to social causes

Years of marketing research have provided endless knowledge in how to sell. Yet, those who try to effect social changes often do not apply the same techniques that marketers do. And, social change often does not sell. A comparison of the two processes is made, leading to suggestions for applying marketing methods to social change.     

Applying the principles of Gestalt theory to teaching ethics

Teaching ethics poses a dilemma for professors of business. First, they have little or no formal training in ethics. Second, they have established ethical values that they may not want to impose upon their students. What is needed is a well-recognized, yet non-sectarian model to facilitate the clarification of ethical questions. Gestalt theory offers such a framework. Four Gestalt principles facilitate ethical clarification and another four Gestalt principles anesthetize ethical clarification. This article examines each principle, illustrates that principle through current business examples, and offers exercises for developing each principle. Eugene H. Hunt is professor of management in the School of Business at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond. He has done advanced studies in organization development at the National Training Laboratories (NTL) and has studied Gestalt theory at the Gestalt Institute in Cleveland. He currently teaches a course in the history of management thought for doctoral students, in principles of management for masters students, and in organizational behavior for undergraduate students. For a number of years he wrote a column in Management World titled, Expanding Your Repertoire of Managerial Behavior.Ronald K. Bullis is Acting Head of Staff at a Presbyterian Church in Richmond, Virginia. He has done advanced graduate work in clinical social work at Virginia Commonwealth University and is an adjunct faculty teaching law and religion at Virginia Union University, Richmond. He also teaches law and religion at the Institute of Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary. He conducts individual, group and family counseling and is a certified sex educator.     

Applying Darwinian principles in designing effective intervention strategies: The case of sun tanning

Public‐service announcements typically seek to educate consumers regarding a given unhealthy practice, the assumption being that individuals will cease the harmful behavior once they are fully informed. Many intervention strategies have failed in curbing the targeted behaviors because these are not due to incomplete information but instead may also have a Darwinian‐based etiology. Using sunbathing as a case analysis, it is shown how Darwinian theorizing (evolutionary psychology, life‐history theory, gene‐culture co‐evolution, and memetic theory) can augment social marketers' ability to develop efficacious intervention strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

论工程项目成本控制原则和措施

文章论述了当今建筑工程项目成本控制的基本原则和措施,在成本控制的过程中会遇到种种难题,把握好一定的原则灵活实施.     

论装饰施工成本管理与控制

建筑装饰施工成本管理反映施工企业在施工过程及各个环节的管理,它是装饰施工企业生产管理成果的集中体现,也是施工企业发展的重要基础,本文主要论述装饰施工成本管理的主要方法与控制,成本控制的概念、依据、原则、步骤等.     

谈流动资产控制环境、原则和基本方法

流动资产具有较强的变现能力和极快的周转速度,并且形态具有多样性.流动资产的控制对提高经营管理效率,实现单位经营管理目标,使流动资产能为企业的发展发挥自己的作用.因此,对流动资产控制环境、原则和基本方法进行了解与探讨是尤为必要的.     

Ethical principles for decision makers: A longitudinal survey

This paper is based on a five-year study of the ethical principles considered by executives, middle managers, and students as appropriate guidelines for making decisions. Out of the fourteen principles surveyed, nine seem to be standards that can be applied with no further thought or research required by the decision maker. The other six principles may suggest decisions makers need clearer guidelines as to what to do or what not to do when faced with an ethical dilemma that exists outside defined systems of corporate ethics. Phillip V. Lewis is Chairman and the Duniven Professor of Management in the Department of Management Sciences at Abilene Christian University. Dr. Lewis' most recent book is Organizational Communication: The Essence of Effective Management (Wiley, 1987). He is the author of Defining Business Ethics: Like Nailing Jello to A Wall (JBE October 1985).     

The valdez principles: Implications for corporate social responsibility

The Valdez Principles have been formulated to guide and evaluate corporate conduct towards the environment. While at first glance the code appears to impose enormous new responsibilities on firms, a closer analysis indicates that existing regulations and business practices already require businesses to meet many of the environmental goals sought by its proponents. Likely corporate response to the code is examined against this background and with reference to the experience with other voluntary codes of conduct. It would appear that compliance with the code will yield minimal benefits and non-compliance will impose minimum costs for the environmentally-responsible firm.Joao S. Neves is Associate Professor of Management at Trenton State College where he teaches various courses in Management. A graduate from the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Neves has numerous publications in academic and trade journals. His interests include corporate social responsibility and he has contributed to many conferences. Rajib N. Sanyal teaches international management and human resource management at Trenton State College in Trenton, New Jersey. He obtained his Ph. D. from Georgia State University-Atlanta. His writings can be found in International Journal of Value-Based Management, Journal of International Business Studies, and Labor Studies Journal, among others.     

New principles for technical assistance

In January 1974 the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation put new principles for technical assistance in force. These principles indicate the scope of the aims, tasks and methods of this not entirely undisputed instrument of German development aid.¹ They are based on the concept of development policy evolved in the Federal Republic of Germany and apply it in concrete terms to the sphere of technical assistance.²     

如何申请加拿大马尼托巴省商业移民

作为一个企业家或者成功的高层管理人员,你最关心的投资理财问题是什麽呢？一定是你的投资是否安全。引人注目的马尼托巴省提名商业移民计划是由加拿大联邦政府和马省政府共同协议创立的,其目的在于吸引有实力并有意移民马省的优秀海外企业家,帮助他们在马省积极地进行投资,创办新的企业、或做生意、或参与现存企业的经营。你的保证金将由马省政府管理,在你到达马省后,根据你自大确定的商业计划在马省创建或购买一项生意,按计划完成投资并开展生意以后,保证金如数退还你。     

品牌,为解决信息不对称而付出的额外成本

品牌本身不会改变商品实体性能。但从信息经济学的角度分析,在信息不对称的现实市场中,品牌作为一种发信号的机制,可以把优质企业和劣质企业区分开,从而对优质企业和消费者都有好处。虽然建立品牌让厂商花费了额外成本,但是只要建立品牌的费用控制在一定范围内,厂商建立的品牌就是一种合理的有利于提高社会福利的行为。     

环境成本内在化——对国际绿色贸易的成本分析

随着环境保护日益受到重视,贸易与环境之间的矛盾越来越突出。国际 贸易被指责为环境质量下降的根源之一,甚至连国际贸易自由化的原则也受到质疑。本文认为,环境问题的根源并不在国际贸易,而是由于环境成本没有内在化造成了产品价格的扭曲和市场失灵。解决这一问题的根本途径之一就是要实现环境外部成本内在化。而环境成本内在化又会对国际贸易产生一些重要影响。     

Halal Certification for Financial Products: A Transaction Cost Perspective

We argue that although halal certification could potentially reduce the high transaction costs related to buying Islamic financial products, in practice these costs are just replaced by transaction costs relating to the certification itself. It takes considerable time (2–3 months) and money (USD 122.000) to obtain a halal certification. Partially, this is because the market is highly concentrated and non-contestable. About 20 individual Sharia scholars control more than half the market, with the top 3 earning an estimated USD 4.5 million in fees per year. Moreover, this market seems plagued with problems, most notably a strong incentive for excessively lenient certification, lack of consensus on what is considered halal and sub-standard governance practices. We discuss solutions to these problems and conclude that a neutral non-profit government entity should assume the role of halal certifiers.     

降低成本新利器:协同供应商产品开发——以无锡捷利电气公司为例

随着全球范围内市场竞争的不断加剧和企业内部制造成本的节节攀升,作为“世界工厂”的我国制造型企业在国际生产领域中的成本优势正逐步受到侵蚀和冲击。为了保持持续的成本领先优势,我国企业应当与主要供应商建立良好的供应链伙伴关系,协同供应商进行产品开发设计,从而更有效地降低成本、提升质量。本文以捷利公司为例,首先对供应商协同产品开发的含义及活动进行了阐述,然后对协同开发的六个主要步骤进行了归纳,提出了协同产品开发的基本模式,该模式涉及了从顾客需求到初始运行测试五个阶段的关键活动和协同方式,最后总结了捷利公司通过协同供应商产品开发所获得的效益改善和双赢回报。     

成本控制下生产企业的物资供应管理工作探究

物资供应管理工作作为公司生产经营的重要环节,在生产运行中占有举足轻重的重要地位.本文就对成本控制下的生产企业加强物资管理重要性进行了分析,同时提出了具体的管理途径,以此有效促进企业物资供应管理工作的和谐健康发展.     

中小企业贷款难已现转机

<正>目前,各国有商业银行及股份制商业银行纷纷创新产品、简化业务流程,给广大中小企业提供丰富多样的融资"套餐",中小企业贷款难的格局正悄然发生着变化。     

碳排放管理:关系企业能源策略及运营成本的重要课题

气候变化不是一个新的社会议题,但是因为相关法规趋势尚不明确,许多企业不确定气候变化对于自身的具体意义。企业往往把碳排放当做一个环保的问题,并等待相关法规出台再来采取减排举措,但实际上,碳排放是关系到企业能源策略及成本控制的问题。