Household Finance

The study of household finance is challenging because household behavior is difficult to measure, and households face constraints not captured by textbook models. Evidence on participation, diversification, and mortgage refinancing suggests that many households invest effectively, but a minority make significant mistakes. This minority appears to be poorer and less well educated than the majority of more successful investors. There is some evidence that households understand their own limitations and avoid financial strategies for which they feel unqualified. Some financial products involve a cross‐subsidy from naive to sophisticated households, and this can inhibit welfare‐improving financial innovation.     

YOLO: Mortality Beliefs and Household Finance Puzzles

We study the effect of subjective mortality beliefs on life‐cycle behavior. With new survey evidence, we document that survival is underestimated (overestimated) by the young (old). We calibrate a canonical life‐cycle model to elicited beliefs. Relative to calibrations using actuarial probabilities, the young undersave by 26%, and retirees draw down their assets 27% slower, while the model's fit to consumption data improves by 88%. Cross‐sectional regressions support the model's predictions: Distorted mortality beliefs correlate with savings behavior while controlling for risk preferences, cognitive, and socioeconomic factors. Overweighting the likelihood of rare events contributes to mortality belief distortions.     

普惠金融、流动性约束与家庭消费

采用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)四期面板数据和北京大学数字普惠金融指数分析了普惠金融对家庭消费的影响.研究表明,普惠金融显著促进家庭消费支出,且对处在中低分位数的家庭消费支出的促进作用更强.进一步机制分析发现,普惠金融对高流动性资产不足的家庭消费具有显著促进作用,而对高流动性资产充足的家庭而言,普惠金融对其消费的促进作用并不稳健,即普惠金融在一定程度上缓减了家庭面临的流动性约束进而促进家庭消费.     

Presidential Address: Social Transmission Bias in Economics and Finance

I discuss a new intellectual paradigm, social economics and finance—the study of the social processes that shape economic thinking and behavior. This emerging field recognizes that people observe and talk to each other. A key, underexploited building block of social economics and finance is social transmission bias: systematic directional shift in signals or ideas induced by social transactions. I use five “fables” (models) to illustrate the novelty and scope of the transmission bias approach, and offer several emergent themes. For example, social transmission bias compounds recursively, which can help explain booms, bubbles, return anomalies, and swings in economic sentiment.     

普惠金融与经济增长

近年来,普惠金融在世界范围内受到了更多的重视,实现了更快的发展。普惠金融究竟对经济增长有何影响？这种影响是否随着各个经济体的经济社会状况不同而有所差异？本文基于跨国截面数据对以上问题进行了分析。充分考虑了普惠金融内生性问题的结果显示:总体而言,普惠金融各项指标中,仅有投资资金来自银行的企业比率这一金融中介融资指标对世界各经济体的经济增长有着稳健且显著的负面影响,其它普惠金融指标并没有稳健且显著的影响。进一步考虑到各个经济体不同的经济社会状况,本文发现,在初始人均GDP水平更高、国民平均受教育年限更长、法治水平更高或中小企业规模更大的经济体中,个人在银行账户或储蓄卡、电子支付或银行账户购物以及借记卡等方面的使用率等个人金融服务方面的普惠金融指标对经济增长的负面影响更大。     

家庭人口结构与家庭商业人身保险需求——基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证研究

本文使用2013年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,从微观层面探讨家庭人口结构对家庭人身保险需求的影响。Probit和Tobit实证结果显示,家庭老年人口占比与家庭人身保险需求负相关,这意味着,人口老龄化对人身保险产品的需求会起到抑制作用。家庭少儿人口占比与家庭人身保险需求则呈正相关,这显示少儿人口的增加会推动人身保险市场的发展。家庭就业者占比对家庭人身保险需求有抑制作用。同时,缩小的家庭规模有助于增加对人身保险产品的需求。我们的研究对深刻理解当下中国面临的人口老龄化问题及计划生育政策有一定的参考价值。     

数字普惠金融发展与中国家庭金融风险资产配置

推动数字普惠金融发展,不断优化家庭资产配置结构,对中国家庭资产保值增值和实现共同富裕具有重要意义。本文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据和数字普惠金融指数,实证检验数字普惠金融发展对中国家庭风险性金融资产配置的影响。研究表明,数字普惠金融发展显著提升了中国家庭配置风险性金融资产的概率和配置规模,其中金融知识在两者关系中起到了部分中介的作用。进一步研究发现,随着家庭金融知识水平和互联网参与程度的提高,数字普惠金融对家庭风险性金融资产配置的影响效应凸显。因此,应当加强数字普惠金融的促进作用,不断提升家庭金融知识水平和降低金融投资风险,通过提高中国家庭的互联网参与程度等来优化金融风险资产配置结构。     

加大金融对稳增长的贡献力

今年以来,国际经济环境复杂多变,国内经济发展面临的困难增多。我国经济发展总体上是平稳的,但仍然面临着较多的困难和较大的下行压力。7月51日,中共中央政治局会议强调,下半年经济仍要把稳增长放在更加重要的位置,继续实施稳健的货币政策,保持货币信贷平稳适度增长,努力实现经济社会发展预期目标。这为下一步金融工作更加明确了重点和指明了方向。     

Law, Finance, and Firm Growth

We investigate how differences in legal and financial systems affect firms' use of external financing to fund growth. We show that in countries whose legal systems score high on an efficiency index, a greater proportion of firms use long-term external financing. An active, though not necessarily large, stock market and a large banking sector are also associated with externally financed firm growth. The increased reliance on external financing occurs in part because established firms in countries with well-functioning institutions have lower profit rates. Government subsidies to industry do not increase the proportion of firms relying on external financing.     

公司上市决策与成长性资金需求

公司上市是公司成长阶段最重要的战略决策之一。理论研究表明为公司成长性募集资金是公司上市决策的主要动因。本文对创业板首批上市的宝德股份成长性进行考察,结果表明虽然宝德股份满足创业板对拟上市公司成长性指标的要求,但宝德股份上市之后无论是经营业绩还是股票市场都没有表现出高成长性,由此可见宝德股份很可能并不是为了满足成长性资金需求而选择上市。本文结果表明虽然监管机构试图使股票市场为高成长性公司提供资金促进公司高速成长,然而,股票市场财富效应等原因可能比公司成长性需求更能影响公司的上市决策。     

Finance,Firm Size,and Growth

Although research shows that financial development accelerates aggregate economic growth, economists have not resolved conflicting theoretical predictions and ongoing policy disputes about the cross‐firm distributional effects of financial development. Using cross‐industry, cross‐country data, the results are consistent with the view that financial development exerts a disproportionately positive effect on small firms. These results have implications for understanding the political economy of financial sector reform.     

Law,Finance, and Economic Growth

This paper examines how the legal environment affects financial development, and then asks how this in turn is linked to long-run economic growth. Financial intermediaries are better developed in countries with legal and regulatory systems that (1) give a high priority to creditors receiving the full present value of their claims on corporations, (2) enforce contracts effectively, and (3) promote comprehensive and accurate financial reporting by corporations. The data also indicate that the exogenous component of financial intermediary development—the component defined by the legal and regulatory environment—is positively associated with economic growth. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: G21, K12, O16     

包容性增长与普惠金融的发展

在新一轮西部大开发中实现"包容性增长"成为热点话题。孟加拉的"穷人银行"开创了小额信贷发展的里程碑,在新一轮西部大开发中,如何挖掘崭新的金融手段、创造特色的金融服务模式、助力贫苦人口脱贫、形成普惠制的金融体系成为了近期的关注热点。     

数字金融对居民负债行为的影响研究

本文基于中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),构建Probit和Tobit模型分别考察数字金融对居民家庭是否产生负债行为和家庭负债率的影响。研究发现：数字金融对居民家庭负债行为和家庭负债率都具有显著的促进作用,并且数字金融对家庭负债率的影响会因居民受教育水平和收入水平不同而产生异质性,即数字金融对中低学历和中低收入家庭负债率的提升作用更显著。在进行内生性和稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。本文对释放数字金融红利、警示过度负债带来财务风险具有一定的政策指导意义。     

移动支付对家庭货币需求的影响——来自中国家庭金融调查的微观证据

本文运用2017年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,基于鲍莫尔—托宾模型研究了移动支付对家庭货币需求的影响。为了克服移动支付的内生性,本文选取工具变量,用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)进行了估计。研究发现,相较于没有移动支付的家庭,拥有移动支付的家庭现金在金融资产的占比下降25%,对其他层次的货币需求也有显著的负向影响,表明移动支付的使用减少了家庭不同层次的货币需求。机制分析表明,交易成本变化是导致移动支付影响现金需求的重要渠道。进一步,本文用分位数回归发现,移动支付对预防性货币需求的影响大于交易性货币需求。移动支付对货币需求的影响在不同的年龄水平、教育水平、城乡地区、东中西部地区和不同城市之间也存在显著差异。本文的研究为理解中国家庭货币需求的变化提供了新的证据,可为相关政策的制定提供参考。     

Entrepreneurship and household portfolio choice: Evidence from the China Household Finance Survey

The efficient allocation of household assets is important for household wealth and entrepreneurial activities. However, there is scarce evidence on how entrepreneurial activities influence household financial decisions. We use a simple model to characterize the impact of entrepreneurship on household portfolio choice and the two underlying channels—the diversification effect and the risk substitution effect. We also empirically examine the impact of entrepreneurship using data from the 2013, 2015, and 2017 waves of the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS). The empirical results show that entrepreneurship significantly decreases both household risky market participation and risky asset holding. These findings are robust to alternative measurements of key variables, different model specifications, and Lewbel’s two-stage estimators. This study also verifies the co-existence of both the diversification and risk substitution effects. In particular, the net effect of entrepreneurship on household portfolio choice varies between urban and rural areas due to the different offsetting results between the two effects.     

社会互动对家庭商业保险参与的影响——来自中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证分析

本文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,探讨了社会互动对家庭商业保险购买行为的影响。研究发现:社会互动显著提高了家庭商业保险参与的可能性与参与程度,并且在控制了内生性之后,这种促进作用依然显著;同时本文通过金融知识和商业保险信任度等变量验证了社会互动影响家庭商业保险参与行为的两种作用渠道;异质性分析表明,社会互动对于东部和中部地区、中等学历、高收入水平、低参与率社区中家庭的促进作用更大。本文的研究为我国商业保险市场的发展提供了一个新的社会特征视角,重视社会互动的促进作用,加强保险业诚信建设,以此推动我国商业保险业健康快速发展。     

数字金融对农村金融需求的异质性影响——来自中国家庭金融调查与北京大学数字普惠金融指数的证据

本文基于中国家庭金融调查和北京大学数字普惠金融指数,采用加入工具变量的面板数据回归,研究了数字金融对不同类别农村正规金融需求的异质性影响。结果表明:数字金融整体水平的提升一方面减少了农村生产性正规信贷需求概率,其中拥有智能手机的群体受影响更明显,另一方面也增加了农村消费性正规信贷需求概率,其中教育水平较高、有网购习惯的群体需求被激发较多,反映出数字金融提升效率、促进消费的多维度效应。本文首次通过实证方法研究了数字金融对农村金融需求的影响,为未来的农村金融政策提供了有益参考。     

外部融资与企业成长关系的实证研究

在金融发达国家，外部融资对行业成长有明显促进作用。实证分析显示，我国企业要想获得更快、更好的发展，一方面要充分利用各种融资渠道，以便提高外部融资在总资产中的比重，另一方面要注意各种融资方式的合理搭配，防止因债务融资与权益融资之比过高而给企业今后的总资产增长带来不利影响。     

财务可持续增长模型及其应用

本文对财务可持续增长模型假设的局限及预测的性质进行了分析 ,针对现实中的财务问题 ,发展了该模型的内容 ,使得该模型的使用不再局限于预测财务增长 ,拓展了其应用的范围。