管理者社会联系与国有上市公司过度投资

本文以2004年～2012年国有上市公司为研究样本,以存在过度投资的国有上市公司为研究对象,探讨了这些公司关键高管的社会联系和过度投资的关系,并将社会联系方式分为政府官员类社会联系和代表委员类社会联系。结果表明,国有上市公司过度投资和关键高管的社会联系之间存在正相关关系。在不同社会联系方式下,政府官员类社会联系和过度投资存在正相关性,而代表委员类社会联系和过度投资则存在不显著的负相关性。     

利益集团影响下的反倾销和反补贴——来自工业行业的证据

文章以"保护待售"模型为基础,构建了一个两阶段非合作博弈模型,考察了反倾销和反补贴措施背后的利益集团影响,并且利用2004~2013年工业行业数据进行验证。结果表明:在反倾销和反补贴领域,各行业中确实存在能够影响政策的国内外利益集团;他们的影响方式分别是代表委员类政治联系和外国政府的政治压力;如果某行业存在能够影响政府的国内利益集团,则其将会获得较高的贸易保护;如果存在能够影响政府的国外利益集团,则其将会更偏向自由贸易。中国政府制定贸易政策时兼顾社会福利和利益集团利益。     

制度环境、政治联系与民营企业债务期限结构

以2007-2009年在沪深上市的民营上市公司为研究样本,对制度环境、政治联系如何影响企业债务期限结构进行分析。研究发现:在法律环境较差、地区金融发展水平落后、政府干预较强的地区,民营企业长期债务的比重越大。在考虑企业家政治背景后发现,政治联系有助于民营企业获得更多的长期债务,特别是在制度环境较差地区,政治联系的这种效应更显著。这表明,政治联系是制度环境不完善条件下的一种替代机制。     

政治联系与中国企业的实际出口退税——基于微观企业的实证研究

本文测算了我国微观出口企业的实际出口退税额,通过引入四种形式的政治联系度变量,控制企业特征变量和地区控制变量,研究了企业政治联系与企业实际出口退税率的关系。基本模型估计结果表明:政治联系在地方政府分配退税资源时发挥重要作用,政治联系越强,平均出口退税率越高。国有资本比重影响不显著,就业、产出、赋税对于企业出口退税率显著正向影响。进一步通过分样本回归检验发现,制度环境、经济发展阶段,政治联系对企业出口退税率的高低均会产生差异性影响。本文的研究结果意味着,实际层面的出口退税政策并不是一个"中性"的政策,基于政治联系的出口退税政策同样会扭曲整个社会稀缺资源的有效配置,降低社会整体福利水平。     

政治联系与中国企业的实际出口退税——基于微观企业的实证研究北大核心CSSCI

本文测算了我国微观出口企业的实际出口退税额,通过引入四种形式的政治联系度变量,控制企业特征变量和地区控制变量,研究了企业政治联系与企业实际出口退税率的关系。基本模型估计结果表明:政治联系在地方政府分配退税资源时发挥重要作用,政治联系越强,平均出口退税率越高。国有资本比重影响不显著,就业、产出、赋税对于企业出口退税率显著正向影响。进一步通过分样本回归检验发现,制度环境、经济发展阶段,政治联系对企业出口退税率的高低均会产生差异性影响。本文的研究结果意味着,实际层面的出口退税政策并不是一个"中性"的政策,基于政治联系的出口退税政策同样会扭曲整个社会稀缺资源的有效配置,降低社会整体福利水平。     

政治联系与预算软约束实证研究

本文通过研究民营上市公司2009—2011年的数据，实证探索了预算软约束与政治联系之间的联系。研究结果显示：当民营企业有雇员负担时，政治联系有助于民营企业获得较多的政府补助，但会导致预算软约束现象；当民营企业的雇员负担是一样的，拥有政治联系可以帮助企业获得更多的政府补助。     

制度环境、企业家政治联系与企业价值探讨——基于民营上市公司的经验证据

以2014-2016年中国民营上市公司为样本,考察政治联系以及制度环境对民营企业价值的影响。研究发现,企业拥有政治联系会对企业价值有负向作用,是否拥有更高级别的政治联系则关系不大。在法治环境、市场环境和金融服务构成的制度环境中,市场环境对企业价值的影响最大,并有显著的促进作用。企业政治联系的负面作用在市场化程度高的环境下会得到加强。另外,还发现企业的管理费用和企业政治联系正相关。     

银企关系、政治联系与民营企业对外直接投资——基于我国民营上市企业的经验研究

本文分析银企关系、政治联系是否有利于民营企业进行对外直接投资。以我国2006—2015年在沪深交易所上市的民营企业为样本,以这些企业的高管是否曾经或现在在金融机构任职来判断企业是否具有银企关系,以企业的董事长或者总经理是否是前任或现任的政府官员、人大代表或政协委员来判断企业是否具有政治联系。研究发现银企关系、政治联系均显著地正向影响了其对外直接投资;企业的融资约束越高,政治联系的投资效应越明显,而在低市场化地区,政治联系的这种投资效应也更显著。本文的结论对于理解银企关系、政治联系对企业对外直接投资的影响具有一定的参考价值。     

政治关系与上市公司社会责任信息披露

2006年,中央政府明确提出2020年构建社会主义和谐社会的宏伟蓝图,与此相应的,推动企业积极承担社会责任成为热门话题,此后社会责任报告披露呈指数型增多.根据这种情况,本文试图研究政治关系对公司社会责任信息披露的影响,并采用2010年重污染行业的深沪两市192家上市公司作为样本进行实证研究.研究发现,影响上市公司社会责任整体披露水平的主要因素是公司规模和公司性质,越大的公司披露的社会责任信息越多.在国有上市公司中,政府官员能够显著促进社会责任信息披露,在民营上市公司中,政治关系对社会责任披露水平影响不显著.     

个体特征、制度环境与返乡创业农民工政治联系:一项实证研究

运用江西返乡创业农民工数据,实证分析个体特征、制度环境对返乡创业农民工政治联系的影响,结果表明:基础设施和经济环境越好,返乡创业农民工政治联系的概率越小;返乡创业农民工所感知的投资环境和政府支持越好,越可能认识到政府强大的授予组织合法性的能力,其政治联系的概率越大;创业年数越长和销售网络越好,农民工政治联系的概率越大;农民工个体特征以及创业经营形式对其政治联系的影响不显著,而个体背景(如父母文化程度)能显著提高其政治联系的可能性。     

民营企业政治关联及其效应研究

目前的中国正处于转轨时期,民营企业政治关联普遍存在。本文基于制度理论视角,在评述现有关于政治关联的研究前提下,分析了民营企业政治关联的产生根源和作用机理,认为民营企业政治关联作为一种非正式制度是适应当前制度环境的行为选择,也是通过合法性机制获得企业的经济利益和政治利益,从而促进企业成长。     

Institutional environment and Business Groups' resilience in Brazil

This article combines the institutional theory and political economy approaches to test hypotheses about how transitions in institutional environments affect the performance of Business Groups. Its primary hypothesis is that the different types of political connections established by Business Groups have moderating effects on this relationship. A sample of 1709 observations, from 317 distinct groups operating in Brazil between 2001 and 2009, was used in unobserved effects panel data models, which included the moderating effects of political connections. Our findings suggest that the institutional environment significantly affects Business Groups' performance and that this effect is moderated by political connections, when assessed in terms of the local or federal government as a minor shareholder of the Business Group. The moderating effects of political connections assessed through campaign donations were not conclusive.     

Political connections and entrepreneurial investment: Evidence from China's transition economy

Recent literature in entrepreneurship suggests that market and legal institutions matter for entrepreneurial investment. Yet, prior studies have focused on the role of formal institutions. Building on new institutional theory and political connections literature, this study aims to evaluate the role of political connections in entrepreneurial reinvestment in less developed and transition economies. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it aims to demonstrate systematically how political connections affect entrepreneurial reinvestment. Second, it applies this relationship to a subsample group, i.e., Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), in order to empirically test whether political connections are more beneficial for large firms or SMEs. Third, it demonstrates that political connections substitute for, rather than complement, formal market and legal institutions. The empirical test uses a nationally representative sample of entrepreneurial firms from China's transition economy.     

Corporate Donations in China: A Strategic- Political Perspective

This paper explores how the political identity of top managers influences corporate donations, based on upper echelons theory (UET). The results show that the political identity of the top manager has a significant impact on the donation behavior of a company, especially in areas with poor institutional environments. Corporate donations depend not only on whether the top manager has a political identity but also the type of this identity. Furthermore, the impact differs significantly between companies with different ownership structures. This study enriches our knowledge of corporate philanthropy by demonstrating that corporate donation practices are shaped by a range of contextual factors. Corporate giving behaviors in emerging economies such as China are differently motivated according to the fundamentally different aspects of their institutional settings.     

Examining political connections to study institutional change: Evidence from two unexpected election outcomes in South Korea

We argue that the analysis of multiple political connections in an event study framework can improve the study of institutional change. Based on a unique data set of multiple political relationships of 4,936 South Korean board of director members, we show that the large business conglomerates, the chaebol, did not benefit from the unexpected conservative election victories in the 2012 South Korean parliamentary and presidential elections. Personal connections to the presidential candidates and to the opposition party were relevant for the stock returns of small firms. Our findings suggest that Korea's political economy has evolved into a hybrid regime in which the political power of large multinational corporations is limited, but political connections still matter for smaller firms. The corruption scandal that led to the impeachment of President Park in 2017 and the long‐term development of market capitalisation appear to be congruent with the results of our study.     

Domestic political connections and international expansion: It's not only ‘who you know’ that matters

Former politicians on the board of directors bring to the firm domestic political connections and political knowledge. Previous research has mainly highlighted the role of contacts, without fully recognizing the role of political knowledge accumulated at home. By focusing on the effect of domestic political connections on foreign direct investment, we show that domestic political knowledge also shapes foreign expansion. We argue that contacts provided by former politicians may not be useful for foreign expansion whilst their political knowledge can be of help in countries with discretionary governments and with similar institutional environments to the one of the home country.     

OLYMPICS IN TWO SESSIONS

The counting-down clock is ticking：Beijing Olympic Games are just 4 months away.When China＇s＂Two Sessions＂,the top political sessions,held in the national capital this spring,this heated topic has been inevitably stamped with the remarks among the CPPCC members and N PC deputies.     

政治关联、环境信息披露与环境业绩——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

"紫金矿业"事件引发了众多媒体对政治关联环境效果的关注,一般认为政治关联是导致紫金矿业环境业绩持续低下与环境信息披露不足的主要原因之一。但此结论是否具有普遍性需要进行深入研究。通过使用上市公司研究样本,具体验证政治关联对环境业绩与环境信息披露的影响,结果表明,政治关联与环境业绩低下没有显著的关系,但对环境信息披露具有显著的负向影响。     

Disentangling the effects of domestic corporate political activity and political connections on firms’ internationalisation: Evidence from US retail MNEs

Scholars are increasingly investigating the implications of firms’ domestic corporate political activity (CPA) and political connections on their internationalisation prospects. In this paper, using insights from the resource dependence theory, we argue that domestic CPA and political connections developed within the home country have contrasting effects on firms’ international expansion, such that, while domestic CPAs (mainly, lobbying and campaign contributions) facilitate internationalisation, political connections deter internationalisation. We also argue that this relationship is moderated by firms’ international experience and product diversification. We test our hypotheses using a panel dataset comprising 38 retail Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) originating in the United States (US) whose activities we traced over the 16-year period 2003?2018. Our findings support our hypotheses.