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1.
Innovation in SMEs exhibits some peculiar features that most traditional indicators of innovation activity do not capture.
Therefore, in this paper, we develop a structural model of innovation that incorporates information on innovation success
from firm surveys along with the usual R&D expenditures and productivity measures. We then apply the model to data on Italian
SMEs from the “Survey on Manufacturing Firms” conducted by Mediocredito-Capitalia covering the period 1995–2003. The model
is estimated in steps, following the logic of firms’ decisions and outcomes. We find that international competition fosters
R&D intensity, especially for high-tech firms. Firm size and R&D intensity, along with investment in equipment, enhances the
likelihood of having both process and product innovation. Both these kinds of innovation have a positive impact on firm’s
productivity, especially process innovation. Among SMEs, larger and older firms seem to be less productive.
相似文献
Jacques MairesseEmail: |
2.
This article investigates the role played by one type of firm interaction, namely R&D cooperation, and also the acquisition
of labor, in the promotion of industrial innovations. We employ a unique innovation dataset from Finland which combines firm
specific information about the innovation performance of the firms along with their individual characteristics, as well as
firm specific information regarding the origins of their recent labor acquisitions. Analyzing this data allows us to identify
the different roles which the knowledge spillovers and labor markets play in the innovation process. Our results suggest that
small firms are generally more innovative than large firms; R&D cooperation is an essential feature of innovation, but the
variety of cooperation is of little importance; and labor acquisition appears to be only of limited importance for innovation.
相似文献
Philip McCannEmail: |
3.
The roles of R&;D in new firm growth 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Innovative start-ups are an important driver of economic growth. This article presents empirical evidence on the effects of
research and development (R&D) on new product development, interfirm alliances and employment growth during the early life
course of firms. We use a dataset that contains a sample of new firms that is representative of the whole population of start-ups.
This dataset covers the first 6 years of the life course of firms. It is revealed that R&D plays several roles during the
early life course of high-tech as well as high-growth firms. The effect of initial R&D on high-tech firm growth is through
increasing levels of interfirm alliances in the first post-entry years. R&D efforts enable the exploitation of external knowledge.
Initial R&D also stimulates new product development later on in the life course of high-tech firms, but this does not seem
to affect firm growth. R&D does not affect the growth rate of new low-tech firms, which seem to be driven mainly by the growth
ambitions of the founding entrepreneur. The results show that R&D matters for a limited but important set of new high-tech
and high-growth firms, which are key in innovation and entrepreneurship policies.
相似文献
Karl WennbergEmail: |
4.
In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of R&D tax incentives in Quebec, using manufacturing firm data from 1997 to 2003
originating from R&D surveys, annual surveys of manufactures and administrative data. The estimated price elasticity of R&D
is –0.10 in the short run and –0.14 in the long run, with slightly higher elasticities for small firms than for large firms.
We show that there is a deadweight loss associated with level-based R&D tax incentives that is particularly acute for large
firms. For small firms it is not sizeable enough to suppress the R&D additionality, at least not for quite a number of years
after the initial tax change. Incremental R&D tax credits do not suffer from this deadweight loss and are from that perspective
preferable to level-based tax incentives.
相似文献
Pierre MohnenEmail: |
5.
Helmut Fryges 《Small Business Economics》2009,33(2):165-187
Based on longitudinal data, this article examines empirically the long-term export behaviour of German and British technology-oriented
firms founded between 1987 and 1996. Applying logit models, the results show that firms can overcome high entry costs by acquiring
firm-specific assets. Similarly, firm-specific resources prevent high-tech companies from exiting the international market.
The strategic role of investment in R&D is stressed in particular by the data.
相似文献
Helmut FrygesEmail: |
6.
Richard J. Arend 《Small Business Economics》2009,33(2):189-206
We analyze how an incumbent defends its competitive advantage with a focus on the under-examined methods of actively defending
against the threats posed by rival innovation. We describe, delineate and analyze the set of such defenses and their likely
effects. The set of such defenses differs substantially from many standard defenses, such as those aimed at defeating the
threat of imitation. The further study of these pre-emptive innovation defenses is important because these defenses are different
and because they can substantially affect the sustainability of firm profits and the pace of different of types of innovation.
相似文献
Richard J. ArendEmail: |
7.
Mariagrazia Squicciarini 《Small Business Economics》2009,32(2):169-190
This article investigates the role of Science Parks (SPs) as seedbeds of innovation. It aims to verify if and to what extent
firms’ innovative performance is affected by relocating inside a SP. The analysis is structured in the form of a duration
model that holds patenting as a repeated and event-dependent phenomenon and accounts for the persistence of innovative activities
and the cumulativeness of knowledge. Estimates are based on a conditional risk-set model. The study relies on an original
database regarding Finnish SPs: 252 firms that in the year 2002 were located in the Parks and the firms’ lifetime patenting
activity, over a 33-year-period. We find support for the existence of spillovers and for the positive role of incubators over
those firms joining SPs when very young.
相似文献
Mariagrazia SquicciariniEmail: |
8.
This paper has three objectives: (1) to survey the relevant literature addressing the (apparent) paradox of Research & Development
investments carried out within Small and Medium Enterprises; (2) to provide focused summaries of the articles in this special
issue; (3) to draw some general conclusions in terms of policy implications.
相似文献
Peter VoigtEmail: |
9.
Lihong Yun 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2008,8(2):147-167
Controlling firms’ sales in the labour demand model, this paper investigates effects of trade and R&D via technical progress
on labour demand in a dynamic framework, based on a panel of Swedish manufacturing firms for 1990s. The main results of this
study indicate that employment elasticities with respect to different characteristics of firms (wages, total sales, exports
and R&D efforts) and industrial import penetration could vary across respective skilled sectors. There is some indication
to that import penetration from fourteen ‘old members’ of European Union could induce capital-saving technical progress and
result in the rise in demand for labour for firms in medium-low skilled sector, whilst those from the ten ‘new members’ of
European Union could induce x-efficiency and labour-saving technical progress for firms in low-skilled sector. Furthermore, the effects of R&D intensity
on demand for labour are positive and significant for firms in medium-high-skilled and high-skilled sectors.
相似文献
Lihong YunEmail: |
10.
Dr. Jens Dibbern Prof. Dr. Armin Heinzl 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2009,1(1):101-110
In this paper determinants of information systems (IS) outsourcing are deduced from transaction cost economic theory, resource-based
theory and power theory. They are summarized in a theoretical framework which is tested using a sample of small and medium
sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany. The results show that internal performance and know-how deficits vis-à-vis external service
providers are key determinants that explain why different IS functions are outsourced to varying degrees in SMEs. Moreover,
the determinants of IS functions were found to partially differ between IS functions.
Revised reprint of an article from WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 43(4)2001:339–350.
相似文献
Armin Heinzl (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
eBusiness applications in SMEs of Italian industrial districts: the textile and wood/furniture cases
The paper presents the results of a study dealing with the adoption of eBusiness applications in two Italian industrial districts:
the textile district in Como and the wood/furniture district in the area of Brianza. These two districts are part of important
“made in Italy” industries, with a high volume of worldwide exports. The goal of the paper is to show how Internet technology
is changing the behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in these two local (but with worldwide relevance) districts
and to understand how the potential benefits and constraints for SMEs pointed out in several literature contributions are
really acting in these districts.
相似文献
Andrea Rangone |
12.
Financial intermediaries,ownership structure and the provision of venture capital to SMEs: evidence from Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines how the provision of venture capital to small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is influenced by the
ownership structure of the venture capital provider. We introduce a new and unique dataset from the Japanese venture capital
market, comprising data on investment and venture capital activities of 127 Japanese venture capital funds. The data allow
us to provide a direct comparison of the behaviour of individual owner-manager venture capitalists versus financial intermediation
(e.g., bank’s venture capital divisions). The data indicate owner-manager venture capitalists (financial disintermediation)
give rise to much smaller portfolios of SMEs and more advice to entrepreneurs. Across the scope of different financial intermediation
structures, including banks, life insurance companies, securities firms, corporations and government bodies, there are further
differences in the provision of governance and value-added advice provided to SMEs. Also, the data indicate US-affiliated
funds in Japan are more likely to have smaller portfolios and tend to provide more advice to SMEs.
相似文献
Armin SchwienbacherEmail: Email: |
13.
Testing trade-off and pecking order theories financing SMEs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper explores two of the most important theories behind financial policy in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs),
namely, the pecking order and the trade-off theories. Panel data methodology is used to test empirical hypotheses on a sample
of 3,569 Spanish SMEs over a 10-year period dating from 1995 to 2004. Results suggest that both theoretical models help to
explain SME capital structure. However, despite finding clear evidence that SMEs follow a funding source hierarchy (pecking
order model), our results reveal that greater trust is placed in SMEs that aim to reach target or optimum leverage (trade-off
model). This remains true even when SMEs take a long time to reach this level, due to the high transaction costs they have
to face. Non-debt tax shields (NDTS), growth opportunities and internal resources all seem to play an important role in determining
SME capital structure. Both size and age are also found to be significant factors. Moreover, the empirical evidence obtained
confirms that SMEs clearly behave differently to large firms where financing is concerned.
相似文献
Francisco Sogorb-Mira (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
The impact of public guarantees on credit to SMEs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article provides an in-depth evaluation of the impact of public credit guarantees to SMEs in increasing credit availability
and reducing borrowing costs, without compromising their financial sustainability. Extensive econometric tests have been carried
out by comparing the performance of the SMEs that benefited from such guarantees in Italy with a sample of comparable firms.
The findings confirm the presence of a causal relationship between the public guarantee and the higher debt leverage of guaranteed
firms, as well as their lower debt cost. Italy’s guarantee instrument has proved to be an effective instrument in these respects.
相似文献
Marco Ventura (Corresponding author)Email: |
15.
Entrepreneurship,economic development and institutions 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
This paper is an introduction to the special issue from the 3rd Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Research Conference held in
Washington, D.C., in 2008. The paper has three objectives. First, to discuss the importance of the three stages of economic
development, the factor-driven stage, the efficiency-driven stage and the innovation-driven stage. Second, to examine the empirical evidence on the relationship between stages of economic development and entrepreneurship.
Third, to present a summary of the papers in the context of the theory.
相似文献
Jolanda HesselsEmail: |
16.
This paper examines the implications of the globalization of value chains for the role of small and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs) in the tourism industry. To begin with, the configuration of the global tourism value chain is analysed. Next, the
participation of Andalusian SMEs in the global tourism value chains is investigated. A number of case studies have been developed
in two relevant sectors, hotels and travel agencies, giving priority to the main tourist typologies existing in Andalusia:
sun and sand, business and congress, cultural and rural. As a result, a SWOT analysis has been produced. Finally, from the
key findings some policy recommendations supporting the role of tourism SMEs in global value chain are made.
相似文献
Pilar TejadaEmail: |
17.
We provide evidence on the influence of expectations and network effects on the timing of technological adoption. By considering
a sample of SMEs operating in Italy, we focus on the determinants of their decision to adopt Fast Ethernet, a communication
standard for Local Area Networks (LANs). We find that both expectations and network effects significantly affect the timing
of adoption. In particular, price expectations generally tend to delay adoption and (indirect) network effects in the form
of backward compatibility as well as informational spillovers tend to foster adoption. Firm size also matters.
相似文献
Nicoletta CorrocherEmail: |
18.
Francisco Mas-Verdú 《Service Business》2007,1(1):7-23
In regional contexts with a dense fabric of small- and medium-sized companies, the promotion of knowledge-intensive services
through Technology Centres is a key innovation policy. This paper examines four models of Technology Centres in Europe: Baden-Württemberg
(Germany), Denmark, Emilia-Romagna (Italy) and the Valencian Community (Spain). Aspects such as the participation of private
agents, the financing of the Centres, and the diversity and heterogeneity of the models are discussed. Both the economic-productive
base (company structure, sector specialization, location patterns, etc.) and the political–institutional features (distribution
of competences, available budget, etc.) are major points for establishing the definition of each model.
相似文献
Francisco Mas-VerdúEmail: |
19.
Why are some entrepreneurs more innovative than others? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Philipp Koellinger 《Small Business Economics》2008,31(1):21-37
Entrepreneurs differ in the degree and type of novelty that they introduce to the economy. This study provides theoretical
insights and empirical evidence on the emergence of entrepreneurial innovativeness. The results suggest that entrepreneurial
innovativeness depends both on individual factors and on the environment in which the individual acts. In particular, high educational attainment, unemployment, and a high degree
of self-confidence are significantly associated with entrepreneurial innovativeness at the individual level. Furthermore,
the distribution of innovative and imitative entrepreneurship varies across countries. Entrepreneurs in highly developed countries
are significantly more likely to engage in innovative rather than purely imitative activities. The theoretical approach of
this study combines a judgment and decision making framework with factors that contribute towards the individual perception
of decision alternatives. Data used in the empirical analysis originate from the 2002–2004 adult population surveys of the
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, yielding a sample of 9,549 nascent entrepreneurs from 30 different countries.
相似文献
Philipp KoellingerEmail: |
20.
Effect of credit guarantee policy on survival and performance of SMEs in Republic of Korea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study evaluates the effect of credit guarantee on SMEs at the firm level. To estimate the effect of credit guarantee,
we analyze relations between credit guarantee, the survival of guaranteed firms, and their productive performance. The result
indicates that credit guarantee frequency enabled guaranteed firms to achieve good performances in general. On the contrary,
the effect of guarantee amounts is ambiguous in that there is difference between the contemporary effect and the lagged effect.
Therefore, we conclude that credit guarantee satisfied partially its goal to alleviate SMEs’ difficulty in acquiring finance
and to stabilize employment.
相似文献
Almas HeshmatiEmail: Email: |