Open Source Software: Private Provision of a Public Good

A simple model of open source software (as typified by the GNU-Linux operating system) is presented. Individual user-programmers decide whether to invest their own effort to develop a software enhancement that will become a public good if so developed. The effect of changing the population size of user-programmers is considered; finite and asymptotic results are given. Welfare results are presented. It is shown that whether development will increase when applications have a modular structure depends on whether the developer base exceeds a critical size. Potential explanations of several stylized facts are given, including why certain useful programs don't get written.     

Monopolistic Competition and Public Good Provision with By‐Product Firms

I develop a model in which the voluntary contributions mechanism for the provision of public goods totally breaks down in a large society. A by‐product firm sells a private good and uses its profits to provide a public good. By‐product firms compete with for‐profit firms in a monopolistically competitive industry. If the number of by‐product firms is proportional to the size of the society, then public good provision rises without bound as the society grows large. This stands in strong contrast to the results under the voluntary contributions mechanism.     

Selling to Socially Responsible Consumers: Competition and The Private Provision of Public Goods

We model firms as competing for socially responsible consumers by linking the provision of a public good (environmentally friendly or socially responsible activities) to sales of their private goods. In many cases, too little of the public good is provided, but under certain conditions, competition leads to excessive provision. Further, there is generally a trade-off between more efficient provision of the private and the public good. Our results indicate that the level of private provision of the public good varies inversely with the competitiveness of the private-good market and that the types of public goods provided are biased toward those for which consumers have high participation value.     

论如何做好工程的结算工作

建筑业是一个微利行业,建筑施工企业产值利润率普遍较低,在有限的利润空间下,施工企业为了生存与发展,做好工程项目的结算工作尤为重要。施工企业不但要按时按质完成工程,还要做好预算、结算,特别是能及时、准确地对承建的工程项目进行结算,获得相应的利润,为企业创造良好的经济效益。     

谈如何做好出纳工作

文章结合工作实践,就如何做好财务出纳工作提出见解。     

论如何做好办公室工作

文章阐述了办公室工作人员应具备的素质、能力及做好办公室工作的要点。     

论如何做好办公室工作

文章阐述了办公室工作人员应具备的素质、能力及做好办公室工作的要点。     

谈如何做好出纳工作

文章结合工作实践,就如何做好财务出纳工作提出见解。     

论如何当好机关办公室主任

文章主要对新形势下如何当好机关单位办公室主任提出见解。     

正确的网络舆情立场对营造良好网络环境的影响

高校网络舆情作为高校校园内客观存在的一种社会现象,给大学生思想政治教育带来新的机遇和挑战。关注大学生网络舆情,探究网络对高校思想政治教育的影响,并提出针对高校学生思想政治教育的对策,以维护校园稳定,促进大学生精神生活的健康发展。     

浅析计量检定机构如何做好安全防护工作

本文从计量工作及其安全防护的重要性引入,用分类列举事例、阐述道理的方法从思想认识、防护措施及建立长效机制等三个方面讨论了如何做好计量安全防护工作。     

论公益广告的社会性和公益性

公益广告是社会公益事业的一个重要组成部分,与其它广告相比,具有鲜明的社会性和公益性,其内容存在现实的社会基础中,运用创意独特、艺术形式多样的手段,旗帜鲜明的为社会广大民众服务。     

谈如何做好供应商产品质量先期策划工作

火爆的市场反应带动供应商产品产量的急速增长,同时也带来了许多零件质量问题,而这些问题(包括设计问题)在先期开发中并未被及时发现,导致了批量投产后停线、返修、报废等质量成本的增加.为了使新项目批量投产后的零件质量能持续地满足顾客的需求,减少后期纠错的成本,根据以往车型的开发经验进行研究与总结,从项目开发的4个阶段来讨论如何提高供应商产品质量先期策划(APQP)工作.     

谈如何做好供应商产品质量先期策划工作

火爆的市场反应带动供应商产品产量的急速增长,同时也带来了许多零件质量问题,而这些问题（包括设计问题）在先期开发中并未被及时发现,导致了批量投产后停线、返修、报废等质量成本的增加。为了使新项目批量投产后的零件质量能持续地满足顾客的需求,减少后期纠错的成本,根据以往车型的开发经验进行研究与总结,从项目开发的4个阶段来讨论如何提高供应商产品质量先期策划（APQP）工作。     

如何做好建筑工程的造价控制工作

在建筑工程项目中,工程造价控制的好坏直接的影响着整个项目的经济效益。因此,工程造价控制工作是每一个工程单位都应该重视的工作,要对每一个施工环节都采取严格的措施,是现代工程管理的重要任务之一。要做好建筑工程的造价控制工作,使工程造价在预算之内完成,并取得最好的经济效益,需要多方面的合作和措施。本文主要对如何做好建筑工程的造价控制工作做了详细的分析。     

企业与消费者利益的统一性

现在许多文章都在探讨消费者利益和企业利益的对立性，认为企业从自身的经济利益出发，必将尽可能地扩大其超额利润，在市场上体现为追求更高的价格；而消费者也从自身的利益出发，期望以尽可能低的支出，获取尽可能多的使用效能。在市场上则体现为追求尽可能低的价格。实际上，理性的生产者和消费者的交易行为是以合理价格实现的．这一价格体现了消费者和生产者利益的统一性。     

On the Problem of Identification in Multiplicative Intensity-Rate Models with Multiple Interactions

In this paper we examine a multiplicative intensity model in which a covariate interacts with two other covariates in the same model. We demonstrate, analytically, that in such situations a log-linear parameterization based on two pairs of baseline levels cannot be transformed, uniquely, to the, otherwise equivalent, multiplicative parameterization. We show that the problem lies in an oversight of the conditional independence between the two covariates interacting with a common third covariate. As a solution, therefore, we propose an approach that takes due account of such dependence. Our proposed approach uses a common baseline level for the three covariates involved in interaction while estimating the corresponding relative intensities. The issues addressed are illustrated with a demographic data set involving the estimation of rates of transition to parenthood.     

策略消费者和风险偏好下销售商的快速反应价值分析

基于报童模型,考虑由一个销售商、若干具有风险偏好行为的策略消费者和无穷多个廉价消费者构成的供应链模型。通过比较引入快速反应前后销售商期望利润的变化情况,发现当快速反应成本小于不具有快速反应能力的销售商的均衡价格时,快速反应能给销售商带来价值。当第二次订货成本较低时,消费者越喜爱风险,销售商的快速反应价值也就越大。最后,利用数值算例验证了结论。     

策略消费者和风险偏好下销售商的快速反应价值分析

基于报童模型,考虑由一个销售商、若干具有风险偏好行为的策略消费者和无穷多个廉价消费者构成的供应链模型.通过比较引入快速反应前后销售商期望利润的变化情况,发现当快速反应成本小于不具有快速反应能力的销售商的均衡价格时,快速反应能给销售商带来价值.当第二次订货成本较低时,消费者越喜爱风险,销售商的快速反应价值也就越大.最后,利用数值算例验证了结论.