Downtown curbside parking capacity

Current debates on downtown parking policy have been concentrating on downtown parking pricing, while overlooking downtown parking capacity. This paper focuses on how much curbside to allocate to parking when the private sector provides garage parking. In the first-best optimum, no cruising for parking occurs, and only curbside parking is provided when demand is low relative to street capacity, both curbside parking and garage parking are provided when demand in intermediate, and only garage parking is provided when demand is high. In the second-best optimum where curbside parking is underpriced, cruising for parking occurs only when both curbside and garage parking are both present. As the fee differential between garage and curbside parking increases, cruising for parking becomes more severe, and the range of demand levels over which curbside and garage parking are both present shrinks and eventually disappears.     

Product Unbundling in the Travel Industry: The Economics of Airline Bag Fees

This paper provides theory and evidence on airline bag fees, offering insights into a real‐world case of product unbundling. The theory predicts that an airline's fares should fall when it introduces a bag fee, but that the full‐trip price (the bag fee plus the new fare) could either rise or fall. The empirical evidence presented in the paper provides strong confirmation of the first prediction. The data also suggest that the average fare falls by less than the bag fee itself so that the full price of a trip rises for passengers who choose to check bags.     

绿色物流视角下生活垃圾回收处理研究文献综述

近些年来,我国众多城市都出现了"垃圾围城"的现象,垃圾回收处理也成为了社会广泛关注的热点,但是众多学者对相关理论的研究成果并没有被系统性的总结。文章将在绿色物流视角下,对生活垃圾回收处理的相关研究进行全面梳理,从居民垃圾分类意识、垃圾回收处理服务网络构建、垃圾回收站点及中转站的选址等三个方面进行综述,最后进行述评和研究展望。     

An integrated model of downtown parking and traffic congestion

This paper is the first to look at cruising for parking from an economic perspective. We present a downtown parking model that integrates traffic congestion and saturated on-street parking; the stock of cars cruising for parking adds to traffic congestion. Two major results emerge from the model, one of which is robust. The robust one is that, whether or not the amount of on-street parking is optimal, it is efficient to raise the on-street parking fee to the point where cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated. The other is that, if the parking fee is fixed at a sub-optimal level, it is second-best optimal to increase the amount of curbside allocated to parking until cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated     

An integrated model of downtown parking and traffic congestion

This paper is the first to look at cruising for parking from an economic perspective. We present a downtown parking model that integrates traffic congestion and saturated on-street parking; the stock of cars cruising for parking adds to traffic congestion. Two major results emerge from the model, one of which is robust. The robust one is that, whether or not the amount of on-street parking is optimal, it is efficient to raise the on-street parking fee to the point where cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated. The other is that, if the parking fee is fixed at a sub-optimal level, it is second-best optimal to increase the amount of curbside allocated to parking until cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated     

天桥区生活垃圾回收物流系统浅析

文中对济南市天桥区生活垃圾回收物流系统进行了实际的调研,其中包括垃圾产生点、回收站信息、车辆信息及处理厂信息,并对天桥区现有的生活垃圾回收物流系统存在的问题进行了具体的分析,提出了解决问题的对策及建议。     

我国城镇居民消费与可支配收入关系的实证分析

本文旨在对我国城镇居民年人均收入变动对年人均各种消费变动的影响进行实证分析,对基于1995年、1999年和2004年全国各地区相关截面数据所建的模型进行纵向对比,由所得的结果对原始信息作出解释和经济意义分析,并相应提出一些政策建议。     

城市垃圾运输处理中运输规划的研究现状与方向

从运输问题的性质来看,城市垃圾运输处理问题应属于废弃物流问题的一种,同时也是一种多目标、多层次、有特殊约束的运输问题。传统对城市垃圾的研究基本都集中在末端治理和源头控制,以研究垃圾处理模型为主。本文结合国内外有关垃圾处理的文献,对城市垃圾处理的运输路线、第三方物流运输模式、运输处理算法和模型建立以及回收运输网络系统等方面进行了论述,同时针对城市生活垃圾处理站选址优化、物流系统优化等问题提出了合理的对策和建议。     

Forecast Summary

Monetary policy was tightened to defend the exchange rate earlier this year. Any adverse effects on activity have since been balanced by growing business confidence, restored by the successful rescue of sterling, falling interest rates and above all by the end of the miners' strike. We therefore still expect output to rise this year by 31/4–31/2 per cent and by over 2 per cent p.a. in the next three years. The recent acceleration in prices, the underlying reason for a tighter policy stance, is not expected to continue. We forecast a fall in inflation to 6 per cent or below by the end of the year and to under 5 per cent during 1986.     

Predicting intention to recycle on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour

Governments worldwide have launched various schemes to promote recycling by individuals, from legislation to voluntary and mandatory policies, waste charging, kerbside collection, waste separation bins, and promotional campaigns. Much remains to be done, however, in terms of understanding the psychological relationships among consumers' attitudes, intentions, and behaviours when it comes to recycling. This study was designed to examine recycling intention through the lens of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Using online survey, we recruited participants (n = 827) through an online survey platform ( mturk.com ). The results show that TPB can predict consumers' intention to recycle. It was further found, however, that attitude towards recycling did not predict intention to recycle. The findings presented here have significant implications for policymakers and practitioners who are interested in inculcating recycling intention and behaviours in members of the public. This study extends the TPB in the context of recycling. There is a need to examine the theories' explanatory power in different research settings and context. Moreover, regulations and policies on recycling continue to evolve. For example, recently in 2018, Australia is banning plastic bag. Consequently, the new policy will affect people's perception towards recycling. Hence, continued research on recycling is needed.     

家电“以旧换新”对废旧家电回收体系的影响

随着科技发展和人们生活水平的提高,我国废旧电子电器数量逐年增加。我国提出家电"以旧换新"的政策,对废旧家电的回收起到了很好的促进作用,有利于废旧家电走上正规回收道路,有利于资源的高效利用等等。但是此系统也存在一些弊端:运行资金由政府投入,缺乏生产商的参与等。建议在有效的市场机制下责任主体由政府向生产者转移。     

The London Business School with Gower Publishing

With the benefit of hindsight, we can see that the course of the world economy in 1988 was a product not so much of the stock market crash of October 1987 but of the reaction to the crash. Monetary policy and to a lesser extent fiscal policy were eased and consumer spending responded to cuts in interest rates and rising real incomes. With the world recovery in its sixth year, capacity pressures began to emerge and investment also boomed, helped by a lower cost of capital. As a result of this strong private sector demand, OECD output increased 4 per cent in 1988 as a whole and industrial production and world trade rose even more rapidly. Against the background of buoyant demand and output, inflationary fears have resurfaced. Since the spring monetary authorities in most countries have been tightening policy, raising interest rates by early 1989 above the levels which helped bring about the stock market crash. Their aim is to effect a slowdown in demand before a significant upward movement in inflation and inflationary expectations takes hold. In our judgement the present policy stance will achieve its aim of a "soft landing" for the world economy. The pick-up in world inflation is contained below 5 per cent and by the second half of this year inflation eases, paving the way for a relaxation of monetary policy. Output growth slows from 4 per cent to 3 percent in 1989 and 2 per cent in 1990, picking up again as interest rates are lowered in 1991–2.     

中国户口制度改革的理论分析

随着户籍制度改革的深化 ,从完全禁止户口迁移到数量限制政策 ,再到征收费用政策和放开小城镇入户限制的逐步放松户籍管制政策 ,对经济发展的贡献日益增加 ,损害逐渐减轻。我国放开小城镇户籍限制的改革放活了地方经济。我国户籍制度改革进程是由经济内生决定的 ,城市经济发展的需要推进着户籍制度的改革进程。那些放开户籍限制的城市也没有出现人们担心的问题。放开户籍限制不会构成对城市就业、住房、治安、交通的压力 ,反而创造了发展的契机。     

循环经济下建筑垃圾再生利用技术及适应性研究

随着我国城市建设步伐的不断加快,城市垃圾问题愈发严重,其中建筑垃圾是一个重要的组成部分。因此关于建筑垃圾的再生利用问题也逐渐的发展成我国建筑行业节能环保需要重点注意的一个事项。在本篇文章中我们将在遵循循环经济理论的基础上,针对循环经济下建筑垃圾再生利用技术及适应性问题做出分析与论述。     

Balancing family and work: The effect of cash benefits for working mothers

The aim of this paper is to measure the potential effect of a family policy introduced in Spain in 2003 that provides working mothers with a monthly cash benefit of 100 euros per child aged under 3 years. We explore the effect of the policy on eligible women's labour market participation. In the tradition of the policy evaluation literature we use a difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) estimation approach. Our results support a small but significant positive effect of the policy. We find that since the implementation of the policy the labour market participation rate for mothers of children aged under 3 has risen by 3 percentage points compared to the rate for non-policy-eligible females. This represents 5% of their average labour market participation in 2002, the year before the policy was implemented. This overall policy effect is dominated by the effect of the policy among high school educated females.     

The Quality of Life in England and Wales*

Local amenities play an important role in determining where we choose to live and our overall quality of life (QOL). In many cases, however, amenities do not have prices and will therefore be underprovided by the market. In this paper, we use individual and county level data for England and Wales to estimate implicit amenity prices and to calculate an index of QOL for each county. Among our findings is a large negative price on air pollution. The range in QOL across counties is estimated to be in excess of 2,000 pounds per year.     

IPO承销费用的特征及券商的政治联系——来自中国IPO市场的证据

承销费用在世界各国普遍呈现出"集聚"的现象,我们对2004年-2009年通过发审委审核的上市公司的IPO承销费用进行研究,发现我国IPO承销费用也存在集聚现象,小规模IPO公司的承销费率主要集中在2%-6%之间,大规模IPO公司的承销费率集中在4%以下。另外,我们检验了券商的政治联系与承销费用的关系,研究发现有政治联系的券商比没有政治联系的券商收取了更高的承销费用。     

Abatement R&D,market imperfections,and environmental policy in an endogenous growth model

We develop an endogenous growth model featuring environmental externalities, abatement R&D, and market imperfections. We compare the economic performances under three distinct regimes that encompass public abatement, private abatement without tax recycling, and private abatement with tax recycling. It is found that the benefit arising from private abatement will be larger if the degree of the firms’ monopoly power is greater. With a reasonably high degree of monopoly power, a mixed abatement policy by which the government recycles environmental tax revenues to subsidize the private abatement R&D is a plausible way of reaching the highest growth rate and welfare.     

Forecast Summary

A pause in world activity held back UK industry in the first quarter of the year and, even though we expect faster growth from now on, we forecast total output growth of only 2 per cent this year. But next year a stronger world economy and pre-election tax cuts lift growth to 3 1/4per cent. Lower oil prices and falling interest rates help keep inflation at its current level both this year and, as long as wages respond, next. In the medium term we expect the growth rate to fall back but, assuming that a fairly tight fiscal policy is pursued by whichever government is in power, we predict that inflation stays below 3 per cent     

WORLD OUTLOOK

World output, which was strengthening immediately prior to last October, appears to have barely suffered in the short term from the stock market crash. Apart from an early reaction by US consumers - since reversed - demand is proving robust and in early 1988 OECD industrial production is, we estimate, 6 per cent up on year-earlier levels, with GNP more than 4 per cent higher. Indeed such is the strength of activity that the present balance of risk is not that recession is imminent but that inflation may pick up again. In the United States, where activity rates are at their highest level for eight years and unemployment is at a fourteen-year low, monetary policy has been tightened and interest rates are moving higher. The Bundesbank is keen to follow suit and the BoJ is keeping the situation under review. Nevertheless, with wages in most countries still adjusting to the low inflation rates of the last two years, there is little evidence yet that prices are accelerating.
We expect to see world interest rates edging higher in the second half of the year as recorded inflation picks lip. But we believe that underlying inflation remains low and that, even on the assumption that oil prices return to 18 a barrel, OECD consumer price inflation will peak early next year at a little over 4 per cent. Tighter monetary policy is also expected to hold back demand over the next 12 months. Consequently, we expect some weak- ness in output in the first half of next year but discount the possibility of a severe recession. GNP growth in the OECD area is forecast to decline from the 3 per cent rate of 1987–8 to a little over 2 per cent next year and to a sustainable 2½ per cent p.a. over the medium term.