陕西省长武县农村基层干部队伍现状调查及对策

为了全面了解陕西省长武县农村基层干部队伍的现状,本文作者对陕西省长武县农村基层干部队伍的年龄结构、文化教育程度、培训学习情况、工资报酬、养老保障水平等进行了一次全面的调查与统计分析,并从中找出其存在的问题,提出建设高素质农村基层干部队伍的对策。     

乡村振兴背景下农村基层干部素质提升研究

实施乡村振兴,人才振兴是根本,农村基层干部队伍是关键。现阶段农村基层干部队伍仍面临政治素养不过硬、思想认识不到位、队伍结构不合理、后备力量不充足等挑战。在实施乡村振兴战略下,切实把政治领导放在党对农村工作领导最重要的位置上,通过加强党的建设、组织开展学习培训、改善农村基层干部的队伍结构、注重人才培育等方法,提升农村基层干部队伍水平,落实党对农村工作的领导,引领乡村的全面振兴。     

进一步提高村级干部队伍素质的思考

党的十五届三中全会《决定》指出:“建设有中国特色社会主义新农村,关键在于加强和改善党的领导,充分发挥乡(镇)党委和村党支部的领导核心作用,建设一支高素质的农村基层干部队伍”。近几年来,贵州省农村基层组织建设工作按照中央提出的“五个好”目标的要求,经过集中整顿,农村基层干部队伍的年龄结构、文化结构有了很大的改善,干部队伍素质显著提高。但必须看到,     

解决粤北山区农村的突出问题，关键在于提高农村基层干部队伍素质

当前,农村工作面临种种困难,部分地方自然条件恶劣、耕地不足、经济基础薄弱、整体教育水平低、农业技术落后、农产品效益低、农民增产不增收,严重制约了农村经济的发展并由此引发种种社会问题,面对这些困难和问题,迫切需要建设一支高素质的农村基层干部队伍。一、当前农村基层干部队伍现状及影响改革开放以来,农村基层干部队伍的整体素质有了明显提高,经过不断的调整充实,一大批认真贯彻党的路线、方针、政策,年富力强,能带领群众脱贫致富,得到群众拥护的优秀党员被选进领导班子,使镇村领导班子的年龄和文化结构得到较大改善,…     

新疆部分地区农村基层组织公信力提升对策探析——以新疆南疆地区为例

针对当前我国农村基层组织普遍弱化的问题,本研究从新疆南疆农村基层组织公信力弱化的原因着手,提出提升南疆农村基层组织公信力整体水平应通过强化干部队伍建设、优化公共政策和强化公共参与来提升基层组织干部人格公信力、公共政策执行公信力和民主建设公信力,最终提升农村基层组织公信力的整体水平。     

禄丰县积极探索基层党组织建设激励保障机制

为认真贯彻落实中央一号文件中关于稳定农村基层干部队伍,探索建立农村基层干部激励保障机制,逐步健全并落实村干部报酬待遇和相应的社会保障制度的有关精神,今年以来,禄丰县县委、政府积极探索、大胆实践,在村级党组织和村组干部队伍建设方面进行了探索,取得了一定的成效：农村党组织的战斗堡垒作用得以发挥,极大部分村组干部工作积极性得到提高,促进了农村经济社会的持续健康发展.     

加强基层党组织是推进新农村建设的关键

在推进社会主义新农村建设健康快速发展的进程中,建设强有力的基层党组织是关键。为此,必须大力加强村级组织建设,巩固新农村建设的战斗堡垒;大力加强农村党员干部队伍建设,不断提高整体素质;大规模培训农村党员和农民,大幅度提高农民的素质;加强和改善农村基层党组织的领导,进一步推进农村基层民主政治建设;深化“三级联创”活动,加强和改进农村基层组织建设,为推进新农村建设快速健康发展提供坚实的组织保障。     

新农村基层党组织建设创新研究

农村基层党组织是党在广大农村的执政根基,新时期创新农村基层党组织建设是巩固党的执政地位、适应新农村建设的需要。针对新农村基层党组织建设过程中存在的能力低下、素质不高、威望下降等问题,必须对症下药,加强干部队伍建设,完善工作机制,创新活动方式,为建设社会主义新农村提供坚强的政治保证和组织保障。     

浅析加强农村基层领导班子建设的策略

本文指出了农村基层领导班子存在着不讲学习,素质不高、不讲政治,贪污受贿、不讲正气,软弱涣散、监督乏力,机制不健全问题,同时提出了加强思想作风建设,提高班子整体素质、加强组织建设,提高干部队伍素质、加强机制建设,实现领导班子工作规范化、加强党风廉政建设,克服腐败现象的农村基层领导班子建设的策略。     

加强农村基层干部队伍建设的思考与建议

我国农村基层干部为农村经济发展及社会事业进步做出了突出贡献,为社会主义新农村建设发挥了积极的带动作用,但是面对新形势、新任务的要求,依然存在一些亟需要解决的现实问题。针对农村基层干部队伍建设中存在的突出问题,当前要在建立和完善选拔任用、教育培训、激励保障、作风转化、管理考核、后备培养等六个机制上寻求突破。     

分析后感性1999-2009

前言后感性是在85新潮、89大展之后,中国社会情绪正处在一个失落的底点,85-89的艺术家大部分流落海外,与之前的70年代末星星画会情况相仿佛。而中国当代艺术的发展也正处在一个从强调自我身份(身份认同)、民族观(世界观的一部分)、颠覆与革命(89事件)、全球化(与世界接轨)等等现象迸发的转     

USGS"2000世界油气评价"待发现油气资源预测法

美国地质调查局 2 0 0 0年的油气资源评价中 ,主要进行了两个方面的预测 :待发现油气资源预测和储量增长预测。待发现油气资源的预测主要运用了油气藏规模分布预测方法及蒙特卡洛模拟方法。     

20世纪中期关中地区的土地问题 --以高陵县通远乡为例

本文通过对土地改革前后高陵县通远乡的土地状况的个案分析，论证了正是因为关中地区人地关系的宽松，租佃关系不普遍，地主和富农拥有的土地不多，结果在土地改革期间，关中地区可供分配的土地比较少，当地政府无法同时做到既完全贯彻中央精神，又充分考虑到地方实际情况，最终在实际执行中，导致了中央政令与地方具体实践在一定程度上的背离；而就产中地区的土地改革本身而言，其效果是不经济的。     

Editorial - Multiple-use forestry

The problem of multiple-use forestry arises because (1) a forest can be managed to provide a wide range of products and services, (2) the different uses are not perfectly compatible with each other, and (3) some products are not priced in markets and many of the services a forest provides have the characteristics of public goods. Examples of major forest products include, in addition to timber, edible berries, fungi, and hunting games. Forests also provide recreation opportunities and various environmental services (such as regulating local climate, reducing soil erosion, reducing pollutants in the atmosphere, regulating the global climate, providing habitats for wildlife, etc.). The outputs of nontimber goods in general depend on the quantity and structure of the forest, which can be changed by various forest management activities. However, a forest state most suitable for the production of one good is usually not optimal with respect to another good. Typically, there does not exist a set of management activities that simultaneously maximize the outputs of timber and all other goods.Another way to understand the conflicts between different uses is to view standing timber as an intermediate product of forestry investment, which is employed as an “input” for the production of timber products and nontimber goods. Thinking in this way, the conflicts arise partly because timber production and nontimber uses compete for the same input, and partly because of the differences in the “production technology” among different nontimber goods. A change in the standing timber may have positive impacts on some nontimber uses, but have negative effects on others. Because of the conflicts among different uses, it requires that both timber products and nontimber goods should be explicitly incorporated into forestry decision-making in order to achieve the greatest benefits to the forest owner and/or the public.Most of the economic analyses of multiple-use forestry decisions have explicitly or implicitly adopted the view that multiple-use should be achieved in individual stands. Each stand should be managed to produce an optimal mix of timber products and nontimber goods. Another view of multiple-use forestry is to manage each stand for a primary use, whereas multiple-use concerns are addressed by allocating different stands in a forest to different uses. A general argument in support of the primary-use view is that specialization makes for efficiency. The production of timber and nontimber goods is a joint process, however. Strictly speaking, one cannot separate timber production and the production of different nontimber goods. For example, managing a stand for timber production does not exclude the possibility of producing some nontimber goods in the stand. Since every stand usually produces more than one product, efficient multiple-use forestry requires that each stand should be managed for an optimal mix of timber and nontimber outputs. On the other hand, it may well be the case that the optimal multiple-use mix for a particular stand consists of a maximum output of one product. In this case the optimal multiple-use management decision would coincide with the optimal decision pertaining to a single use. In other words, it may be optimal to manage a particular stand for one primary use. Using the terminology of economics, primary-use may be efficient for stands in which the multiple-use production set is nonconvex. Recent research has explored several sources of nonconvexity in the multiple-use production set. However, there is no evidence supporting the argument that specialization is always more efficient than multiple-use management of individual stands. From an economics viewpoint, efficient primary-use is special cases of multiple-use stand management.A widely recognized limitation of multiple-use stand management is that, by considering each stand separately, one neglects the interdependence of nontimber benefits and ecological interactions among individual stands. The nontimber benefits of a stand depend on the output of nontimber goods from other stands. Likewise, the nontimber output from one stand affects the value of nontimber goods produced in the other stands. Ecological interactions among individual stands imply that the output of nontimber goods from two stands in a forest differs from the sum of the outputs from two isolated stands. These interdependence and interactions imply that the relationship between the nontimber benefits of a stand and the stand age (or standing timber stock) cannot be unambiguously determined - it depends on the flow of nontimber goods produced in the surrounding stands. Therefore, it is improper to determine optimal decisions for the individual stands independently. In stead, efficient multiple-use forestry decision should be analyzed by considering all the stands in a forest simultaneously.Another serious limitation of multiple-use stand management is that each stand is treated as a homogenous management unit to be managed according to a uniform management regime. One implicitly assumes that the boundaries of each stand is exogenously given and will remain unchanged over time. This assumption imposes a restriction on the multiple-use production set, thereby creates inefficiency. As an example, consider a large stand with a nonconvex production set. It may be possible to eliminate nonconvexity in the production set and push the production possibility frontier outwards by dividing the stand into several parts and managing each part for a primary-use. It may also be efficient to combine two adjacent stands into one to be managed following a uniform regime, because of the presences of fixed management costs, and/or because the relationship between some nontimber outputs and stand area is not linear.In contrast to income from timber production, nontimber goods produced at different time points are not perfect substitutes. The rate at which a forest owner is willing to substitute a nontimber good produced at one time point for that produced at another time point changes with the outputs of the nontimber good at the two time points. In general cases, the nontimber goods produced at one time point cannot be consumed at another time point, and the marginal utility of a nontimber good decreases when its output increases. This provides a motivation for reducing the variation in the output of nontimber goods over time. An effective approach to coordinating nontimber outputs over time is to apply different management regimes to different parts of a stand, or apply the same regime to adjacent stands, which would change the boundaries of the stands. Preserving the existing stand boundaries would limit the possibility of evening out the nontimber outputs over time, and thereby lead to intertemporal inefficiency in multiple-use management.In previous studies of multiple-use forestry decisions the nontimber outputs or benefits are usually modeled as functions of stand age or standing timber stock. Future flows of nontimber goods or benefits are incorporated into a stand/forest harvest decision model to explore the implications of nontimber uses for optimal harvest decisions. While stand age and standing timber stock may have significant impacts on nontimber outputs, other forest state variables, e. g. the spatial distribution of stands of different ages/species, may be of great importance to the production of nontimber goods. Recognition of such forest state variables could change the relationship between timber production and nontimber outputs and therefore change the optimal forest management decisions.In summary, multiple-use forestry is not simply an extension of timber management with additional flows of benefits to be considered when evaluating alternative management regimes. Recognition of multiple uses of a forest leads to two fundamental changes of the forestry decision problem. First, the optimal intertemporal consumption of forestry income is no longer separable from forest management decisions. In general, the optimal intertemporal consumption of forestry income depends on future flows of nontimber goods, implying that the consumption-saving decision should be made simultaneously with the decision on the production of timber and nontimber goods over time. Secondly, it is no longer appropriate to optimize the management regime for each stand separately. The nontimber outputs from a forest depend on the age distribution of individual stands, and on a wide range of other forest state variables such as the spatial distribution of stands of different ages and tree-species composition. Ecological interactions and interdependence among stands imply that management regimes for different stands should be optimized simultaneously. In addition to changing rotation ages and harvest levels, efficient multiple-use forestry requires optimizing the spatial allocation of harvests, redefining the boundaries of stands, coordinating the choices of tree species in regeneration of harvested area and so on.The lack of rigorous production functions for nontimber goods imposes a severe restriction on attempts to perform comprehensive economic analyses of multiple-use forestry decisions. This restriction in itself is no justification for ignoring many of the key aspects of multiple-use forestry problem and modeling the problem as one of determining the optimal rotation age or optimal harvest level. It requires that economic models of multiple-use forestry should be developed with special consideration of the vague and imprecise information regarding the relationships between nontimber outputs and forest state variables.Peichen GongDepartment of Forest EconomicsSE-90183 UmeåSweden     

我国农业大中型沼气工程发展现状、 存在问题与对策措施

该文分析了我国处理农业废弃物大中型沼气工程建设数量、产气量、区域分布及沼气工艺类型等方面的发展现状,总结了我国沼气工程发展中存在的主要问题,提出了加快我国大中型沼气工程发展的对策措施。     

可持续发展的实质——建设资源节约型社会

我国正面临着日益严峻的资源紧缺形势.严峻资源形势呼唤资源节约型社会;可持续发展实质就是建设资源节约型社会;资源的稀缺性要求建设资源节约型社会.建设资源节约型社会是我国经济社会可持续发展的必由之路和唯一出路,势在必行.     

林业资源型城市经济转型新思路

针对资源型城市伊春市的具体情况，从产业、运作方式、创新机制和观念，合理安排劳动力就业等方面，提出了实施资源型城市转型的新思路和新措施。     

再论发展精细化农业

本文给出了精细化农业的概念，并对其内容细分为19类，进而提出了发展精细化农业的建议。