因势利导 疏堵并举 促进资金合理流动

国际资本的不断涌入加剧了中央银行宏观调控的难度，使化解流入压力、疏导资金流出成为外汇管理必然思考。文章指出当前我国在资本流出入管理中存在的突出问题，建议应理性控制外资构成和规模，细化制度法规，实施均衡管理，促进资金合理流动，为汇率机制的改革创造有利条件。     

资本项下跨境资金流出主要渠道和风险分析 ——以河北省为例

2015年"8.11"汇改以来,受国际、国内多方因素影响,资本项下跨境资金流出压力不断增大,"扩流入、控流出、促平衡"成为当前资本项目外汇管理的重要目标之一.笔者基于日常业务实践,自全省资本项目外汇管理视角,梳理跨境资金流出主要渠道,甄别资本流出业务风险点,并提出完善管理建议,旨在做到资金流出"说得清、管得住".     

拓宽资本流出渠道探讨有序可控的资本流出机制

近年来外汇储备快速增长,资本和金融交易项目顺差比例不断上升,资本大量净流入已成为影响国际收支平衡的重要因素,"国际收支保持基本平缓"成为今年经济社会发展的主要目标之一.在这种形势下,树立和实践科学发展观,以维护国际收支平衡为出发点,在限制资本项下资金流入的同时,大胆探索,进一步探讨拓展资金流出渠道,有效疏导境内外汇资金流出,逐步建立健全资本流出有序可控的监管体系是当前外汇管理工作重要任务之一.     

促进资本项目便利化与提高监管有效性的思考

资本项目便利化,是推动实现资本项目可兑换的必经过程。2012年12月国家外汇管理局启动了新一轮外汇管理政策改革,但是在实施过程中,仍存在一些问题需要改进。本文围绕进一步促进资本项目便利化和如何提高监管有效性进行了阐述。     

我国跨境资本管理的策略选择

为了实现资本账户开放与跨境资本管理的良性互动，我国的跨境资本管理可以从以下六项基本策略入手，建立未来我国跨境资本管理的政策框架。     

堆沟港镇多措并举培植税源

今年上半年，江苏省灌南县堆沟港镇财政税收入库占年度任务的70％，同比增长202％，跃居全县前4强，同档镇排名第一。究其原因，正如该镇负责人所说：“税源经济始终是我们的‘头碗菜’。”     

Social capital and capital allocation efficiency

Based on the social norms and structural theories of social capital, this study examines the relationship between community social capital and the firms’ capital allocation efficiency. We hypothesize and find that the community social capital of a firm's headquarter area has a negative and statistically significant impact on its capital allocation inefficiency, which is robust to alternative proxies for community social capital and capital allocation inefficiency, propensity score matching and instrumental variable regressions. In addition, we find that the effect of community social capital is more pronounced for firms with poor internal ethical culture and weak network connections to outside executives and directors, implying that community social capital becomes important in these situations. This finding links prior social norms and networks literature to capital allocation studies in that the norms and networks components of community social capital discipline self-interested managers’ behavior and reduce information asymmetry-two channels of capital allocation efficiency. Overall, community social capital works as a compensatory monitoring and information transfer mechanism and improves the firms’ capital allocation efficiency.     

采取有效措施促政府采购再上新台阶

2006年是“十一五”计划的开局之年，政府采购工作面临更为广阔的发展机遇和更为严峻的挑战，任务更加繁重，广大政府采购人员要以科学发展观为统领，在深入贯彻落实《政府采购法》、深化政府采购制度改革、开拓创新、科学规范高效地开展政府采购工作上狠下功夫，笔者认为当务之急应重点采取以下措施，切实推进政府采购工作再上新台阶和快速协调发展。[编者按]     

Drivers of innovation capital disclosure in intellectual capital statements: Evidence from Europe

Innovation is one of the major determinants of competitive success. As a result, there is demand for information on the innovation activities of firms among investors, other stakeholders and the public. Using content analysis, this paper examines the innovation capital disclosure (INCD) characteristics (i.e. disclosure quantity and quality) in the intellectual capital statements (ICS) of 51 European for-profit firms. Additionally, the relationships between INCD characteristics and industry, firm size, region of registered office and the disclosure guidelines adopted are analysed. Our content analysis detects an average of 29.16 items on innovation capital (INC) per ICS. These are mainly qualitative, non-financial and historically orientated. Furthermore, as expected, industry, firm size, region and disclosure guidelines drive the quantity of disclosure. Prior empirical studies of voluntary disclosure in documents other than ICS have also suggested a relationship between firm size and disclosure quality. Interestingly, our results for INCD in ICS do not support this relationship. This provides tentative evidence for a similar qualitative level of innovation capital disclosure across firm size. Furthermore, our findings show mostly homogeneous disclosure patterns across the regions in Europe, suggesting that multinational efforts towards fostering INCD has made the ICS phenomenon more a European than a local phenomenon.     

Time to wealth goals in capital accumulation

This paper considers the problem of investment of capital in risky assets in a dynamic capital market in continuous time. The model controls risk, and in particular the risk associated with errors in the estimation of asset returns. The framework for investment risk is a geometric Brownian motion model for asset prices, with random rates of return. The information filtration process and the capital allocation decisions are considered separately. The filtration is based on a Bayesian model for asset prices, and an (empirical) Bayes estimator for current price dynamics is developed from the price history. Given the conditional price dynamics, investors allocate wealth to achieve their financial goals efficiently over time. The price updating and wealth reallocations occur when control limits on the wealth process are attained. A Bayesian fractional Kelly strategy is optimal at each rebalancing, assuming that the risky assets are jointly lognormal distributed. The strategy minimizes the expected time to the upper wealth limit while maintaining a high probability of reaching that goal before falling to a lower wealth limit. The fractional Kelly strategy is a blend of the log-optimal portfolio and cash and is equivalently represented by a negative power utility function, under the multivariate lognormal distribution assumption. By rebalancing when control limits are reached, the wealth goals approach provides greater control over downside risk and upside growth. The wealth goals approach with random rebalancing times is compared to the expected utility approach with fixed rebalancing times in an asset allocation problem involving stocks, bonds, and cash.     

发挥资本导向整合银行风险管理体制

近年来,资本管理在商业银行中的地位越来越重要,这是监管部门强调资本约束原则的效果,也是商业银行自身控制风险的重要手段。文章指出,作为商业银行风险管理工作的重要抓手,资本管理的核心是计量能力的提升,对于资本分配应掌握总量控制的原则。中国银行业应以资本管理为导向,逐步完善自身的风险管理体系。     

A macroeconomic approach to corporate capital structure

The cross-sectional distribution of corporate capital structure and its macroeconomic implications are underexplored research areas. This paper embeds a dynamic trade-off theory of firm financing into a general equilibrium model with firm dynamics. I find that the stationary equilibrium replicates fairly well the distribution of leverage as well as the relationship between leverage, size and profitability. The counterfactual experiment points out relatively small effects of tax benefits on corporate capital structure. It also implies that the effects of the default cost on macroeconomic variables are almost negligible under endogenous capital structure choice.     

当前江苏省银行涉外金融创新产品的特点及其对跨境资金流动的影响

近年来江苏省外汇指定银行涉外金融产品创新步伐加快,业务量快速发展。文章分析了金融产品创新的影响因素,系统介绍了这些金融创新产品的类别、模式与功能,总结了金融产品创新的特点,并分析其对跨境资金流动的影响。文章指出,这些产品创新主要是出于为企业套利和规避政策监管等目的,这些创新产品的大幅增长,造成大量套利资金频繁跨境进出、放大市场价格变化对跨境收支和结售汇的影响等负面影响。为此,建议在鼓励银行金融创新的同时,应加大统计监测和产品创新规范力度。     

The cyclical effects of the Basel II capital requirements

Capital requirements play a key role in the supervision and regulation of banks. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is in the process of changing the current framework by introducing risk sensitive capital charges. Some fear that this will unduly increase the volatility of regulatory capital. Furthermore, by limiting the banks’ ability to lend, capital requirements may exacerbate an economic downturn. The paper examines the problem of capital-induced lending cycles and their pro-cyclical effect on the macroeconomy in greater detail. It finds that the capital buffer that banks hold on top of the required minimum capital plays a crucial role in mitigating the impact of the volatility of capital requirements.     

夯实做市商制度建设协力推进外汇市场发展

近年来,外汇市场汇价波幅逐步有序拓宽,而面对不断扩大的汇率波幅,一些做市机构的交易员出现了不适应的情况。文章指出,外汇做市商制度的切实履行和健全完善,对于规范做市交易与市场良性交易氛围的形成和推广,具有至关重要的作用。文章介绍了我国外汇市场建立做市商制度的目的、所采取的相关配套制度改革,展望做市商考评机制的改进方向,并就进一步规范外汇市场发展提出相关倡议。     

The pass-through of bank capital requirements to corporate lending spreads

We study the impact of higher bank capital requirements on corporate lending spreads using granular bank- and loan-level data. Our empirical strategy employs the heterogeneity in capital requirements across banks and time of implementation in Switzerland. We find that changes in the capital deviation from the regulatory minimum affect lending spreads asymmetrically. In response to a reduction in the capital deviation, banks with deficits with respect to their risk-weighted capital requirement raise spreads relative to banks with surpluses and de-leverage. Banks respond to higher requirements by raising spreads and, for deficit banks, by cutting lending.