知识管理：塑造更有竞争力的组织

在信息技术和网络技术时代，知识的传播更为迅捷和多样。基于这样的背景，包括企业和公共部门在内的组织。如何理解并建立有效的知识管理系统，以适应来自顾客与公众的服务压力，成为更有竞争力的学习型组织，是其未来发展的重点。文章围绕知识管理的基本含义，以及组织推进知识管理的过程与策略进行初步探讨，以形成有利于实践的基本思考框架。     

浅论公共部门人力资源的知识管理

随着知识经济的到来,知识管理这一新的管理理念正在迅速形成和发展,并渗透到包括政府公共部门在内的诸多社会领域。我们对公共部门人力资源实施知识管理,首先也就强调了知识管理载体———人的重要性。如何对公共部门人力资源实施知识管理,这不仅关系到公共部门知识和管理水平的提高,也是公共部门总体绩效提升的实际举措。     

知识管理在公共部门人力资源管理中的应用与发展

在当今以知识为中心的竞争时代,以及知识大规模影响经济政治活动的背景下,公共部门如何更好地导入知识管理概念及其实务,并如何运用其调整人力资源管理的策略与方法,值得进一步的探讨。基于此,主要就知识管理和人力资源管理、公共部门知识管理的涵义,当代公共部门的知识系统、知识管理与公共部门人力资源管理的结合应用,以及目前我国公共部门执行知识管理的困境进行研究分析,并根据对这些内容的研究,就公共部门人力资源管理引入知识管理思想的具体途径进行了综合分析并提出相关建议。     

构建基于知识共享的组织文化

知识经济的时代呼吁着知识管理的实现,而知识共享是知识管理的核心和关键,企业的无数次实践告诉我们组织文化问题是成功实现知识共享的巨大障碍。本文通过对阻碍知识共享的因素的分析,强调从组织文化的三个层面即物质文化、制度文化、精神文化入手,谋求构建知识共享的组织文化,更好的推动知识管理进程。     

组织有效性及相关研究概述

现今组织面临的环境日益复杂、充满不确定性,如何管理和有效运作组织成为现代企业面临的新挑战,同时也是相关领域的研究热点之一.知识管理和学习型组织强调组织内部开放性学习与持续性发展等观点,认为组织通过个人和组织本身对知识的学习、创造、整合和交流等过程,方可在不断变化的环境中持续获得竞争力,从而对组织有效性的实现产生积极作用.本文着重对相关研究成果进行了总结和介绍.     

基于知识管理的企业组织文化建设

人们呼唤知识管理的春天,期盼知识经济的时代,企业的无数次实践却告诉我们:组织文化问题是成功实现知识管理的巨大障碍。本文通过对我国企业组织文化现状的分析,强调:适应型组织文化建设、企业家的文化规划、团队的有效性、知识共享和个人职业生涯规划相结合、创新,谋求构建开放、分享、和谐的企业组织文化,更好的推动知识管理进程。     

组织信任对知识分享的影响——组织认同和高承诺人力资源实践的作用

本文基于自我概念的视角引入组织信任探讨员工的知识分享行为。以来自7家企业的288份直接主管-下属配对样本,探讨组织信任与知识分享的关系。研究发现,组织信任对知识分享、组织认同有显著正向影响,组织认同对知识分享有显著正向影响,组织认同部分中介组织信任对知识分享的作用;高承诺人力资源实践在组织认同与知识分享的关系中起正向调节作用;高承诺人力资源实践调节组织信任对知识分享影响的间接效应。     

虚拟组织中的知识创新与知识管理

随着信息技术的发展以及经济全球化的加深,虚拟组织应运而生。虚拟组织中的知识创新从个人层面开始,通过个人——组织——组织间三个层面上主体的隐性知识与显性知识的有效互动,实现知识的螺旋上升。为了推动虚拟组织中的知识创新,必须有效地进行知识管理,具体措施包括:共享知识远景规划,为知识创新建立多种领域,利用合伙人之间的多样性、冗余信息促进知识创新,建立信任和增大透明度,正确运用信息技术网络等。     

面向企业的客户知识管理

客户关系管理和知识管理都是当前研究热点领域，客户关系管理系统的实施离不开知识管理的支持，本文从知识显性——隐性螺旋化转化与发展的规律入手，提出了客户关系管理中的知识管理流程：知识集约、知识共享、知识应用和知识创新。通过客户知识管理的流程，知识流动促进了客户、员工、组织知识的创新与丰富，产生了基于知识管理的客户关系管理。     

公共部门采用管理会计的可行性分析

本文从组织文化的两个维度（组织革新和管理者的VOI）来分析公共部门采用管理会计实践的程度和成功与否。     

Strategic management and public leadership

Abstract

As a new and flatter organization replaces the traditional public organization, it would need more of strategic public management. Key decisions in team production relate to the employment of outcome measures for both monitoring of real activities as well as the reform of the structuring of these activities. Only outcome measures could constitute the starting-point for public sector strategic management. A concept of strategic management for public services must include a theory of public leadership, resulting from the mechanism of credit and commitment on the part of the team providing services. A theory of strategic public management must take into account the specific features of the public sector as well as include the implications of rule of law. Given the criticisms of the rational decision model, a theory of strategic management must pay attention to the lessons from public administration about bounded rationality and the possibility of pathologies or organized foolishness in public organization.     

公共部门人力资源激励机制研究

随着知识经济时代的到来,现代人力资源管理思想正在对公共部门的人事管理方式提出挑战,在公共管理中越来越应用到企业管理的思想。在人员激励方面,企业管理已经作出了许多探索和成就,但公共部门的人员激励问题却未得到同样程度的重视。文章阐述了人员激励相关理论,分析公共部门人员激励与企业人员激励之间的区别,同时分析了公共部门人员激励存在的问题并提出相应的建议。     

The effect of ownership on sustainable development and environmental policy in urban waste management: An explicatory empirical analysis of Italian municipal corporations

This paper investigates the effect of ownership on sustainable development and environmental policy in Italian municipally owned corporations (MOCs) dealing with urban waste management, trying to understand if multiple ownership can generate better performance compared to single ownership and if the presence of private partners could be crucial in this. The research question is answered by analyzing 41 MOCs of the largest Italian cities operating in urban waste management. In this specific sector, public administrations have tried to improve their offer in terms of sustainable development, environmental policy, and efficiency. The paper covers the Italian case study, where urban waste production per capita is higher than the European average figure. The waste cycle management service is operated in Italy at local level through totally publicly owned companies (monoadministration or multiadministration), mixed (public–private) companies, or via a full externalization achieved by means of public tenders. Through a multinomial ordered probit panel, we show that MOCs with multiple owners perform better than those having a single owner and perform much better with the presence of a private partner, confirming those academic findings according to which collaborative arrangements can increase efficiency, do better than public sector bureaucracy, and lower the costs of service provision. The results of this paper can be used by academics, practitioners, and policy makers alike. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study that applies this perspective to the analysis of the current international waste management scenario with relation to MOCs having multiple ownerships.     

City of Rents: The limits to the Barcelona model of urban competitiveness

The turn towards the knowledge‐based economy and creative strategies to enhance urban competitiveness within it has been well documented. Yet too little has been said to date about the transformation of land use for new productive activities, and the contradictions inherent to this process. Our case study is Barcelona, an erstwhile ‘model’ for urban regeneration which has sought to transform itself into a global knowledge city since 2000. Through the lens of Marxian value theory, and Harvey's writing on urban monopoly rents especially, we show how the 22@Barcelona project — conceived with received wisdom about the determinants of urban knowledge‐based competitiveness in mind — amounted to an exercise in the capture of monopoly rents, driven by the compulsion of public sector institutions, financiers and developers to pursue rental profit‐maximizing opportunities through the mobilization of land as a financial asset.     

The provision of public goods in a growing urban economy

The growth path of a mixed open urban economy is considered. In the private sector profit maximizing firms produce an all-purpose output with labor, capital and public infrastructure. Workers move between the urban area and the rest of the nation so as to increase their real income which is the sum of wages and income derived from the use of the urban infrastructure. The public sector determines infrastructure investments so as to maximize the current value of future per capita felicity. Infrastructure has public good characteristics and is used jointly by firms and workers. The urban growth path is derived and public sector policies are analyzed.     

公共组织跨部门知识共享如何驱动?——基于随州市“数字城管”项目

知识共享作为对传统科层文化的挑战,通过共享个体与组织之间的知识来实现总体知识资源的提升。但目前关于公共组织知识共享的研究匮乏。“数字城管”是公共组织跨部门知识共享的典型代表。论文基于随州市“数字城管”项目,围绕项目建设过程中跨部门知识共享的现状与问题进行了深入访谈,使用NVivo 12进行访谈文本编码,建立了公共组织跨部门知识共享的三个维度的影响因素模型,为下一步进行跨部门知识共享影响因素的实证研究和优化跨部门知识共享的实践管理提供了理论参考。     

Characteristics of Portuguese public‐sector project managers: Toward closing the effectiveness gap

Using a sample of 102 Portuguese public‐sector officials with project management experience, this study examines the characteristics of effective project managers in the Portuguese public sector. Factor‐analysis procedures are used to identify the factors related to areas of knowledge relevant to effective project management. The results appear to stress the increasing importance of people, organizational, and leadership skills in the effective management of today's complex and dynamic projects.     

Government and governance: The value of project management in the public sector

Governance is an emerging theme that has been associated in the public sector with a real political need to satisfy stakeholders by demonstrating accountability and transparency while effectively implementing policy. Many initiatives relating to governance are generated by a need for improvement of organizational performance and ability to implement and adapt to change. These generally take the form of projects and programs encouraging a variety of project management implementations in the public sector. This article reports on examination of the expectations and realization of value from investment in project management in four Australian public‐sector organizations with particular reference to the government context, the perspective of public value management (PVM), and the support that project management provides in meeting the demands of public‐sector governance.     

城市水务服务绩效管理战略分析

针对我国城市水务服务需求不断增加,而服务效率较低的实际情况,探讨推进城市水务服务绩效管理对改善城市民生、实现减排目标、培育战略新兴产业等的重要意义。SWOT分析表明,我国推进城市水务服务绩效管理具有绩效提升空间大、行业协调能力强、可借鉴的国际经验多等优势,存在各城市水务服务的自然环境条件差异较大、绩效监管体系不健全、绩效评价体系不完善、绩效基础信息缺乏等劣势,面临水务市场化改革和国家节能环保战略等重要机遇,需要应对相关法律和配套制度体系滞后和既得利益者的阻碍等挑战,进而提出从国家节能减排任务完成和城市政府效能建设的角度,调动城市政府主要领导的积极性,发挥行业管理的体制优势、培育水务绩效管理支持力量,建立健全绩效管理配套法规政策和支持体系的总体思路和建议。