辽宁中等职业教育的投入研究

一、中等职业教育投资的总量情况 1978年以来,在改革和开放的推动下,我省经济持续高速增长,1979～2000年国内生产总值、地方财政收入、地方财政支出与人均国内生产总值分别年均增长28.55％、10.16％、26.35％,及26.32％。在经济高速增长的基础上,教育投资也有了巨大增长。“九五”期间,普通中等专业学校收入年均增长34.44％;技工学校的收入年均增长5.2％;而职业中学的收入年均增长6.0％。其中辽宁省地方普通中等专业学校教育经费收入中,预算内教育经费拨款年均增长33.25％;学杂费收入年均增长52.48％;其他收入年均增长13.77％。在辽宁省职业中学教育经费收入中,预算内教育经费拨款年均增长10.46％,学杂费年均增长6.66％,捐集资收入年均增长21.98％。     

中国农村经济制度变迁与农民收入增长的实证研究——基于1978～2009年省际动态面板数据分析

本文通过对1978~2009年中国农村制度变迁与农村居民收入增长之间进行了理论和实证分析,将农村居民收入增长划分为五个不同的阶段,农村制度变迁对农民的收入增长具有阶段性的影响作用,农村制度变迁是农民收入增长的重要驱动力。并借助动态面板数据模型,对1978~2009年中国农村农作制度、农村价格制度、财税制度,以及农村人口变迁制度等制度因素对农村居民收入增长的影响进行实证分析和检验,由此建议应该把农村制度创新作为提高农民收入增长的突破口。     

收入分配差距与经济增长的关系——文献综述

我国经济高速增长,居民收入差距扩大日益暴露并尖锐起来。经济增长是否造成收入差距的不断扩大,同时收入分配的不断扩大是否对经济增长产生影响,这些问题己经逐渐引起了学术界的广泛关注和重视。文章将综合国内外学者有关收入分配的理论,对收入分配差距与经济增长的关系问题进行分析。     

我国农村居民收入增长的特征及原因分析

文章从我国农村居民收入增长的特征入手,分析了农村居民收入增长与城镇居民收入增长、经济增长的变动关系,揭示了农村居民收入的内部结构变化特征；从农民工工资增长机制、农业生产经营、土地政策、农村金融市场、社会保障体系等方面分析了制约农村居民收入增长的主要因素；提出了完善农民工工资增长机制、提高农业生产效益和经营效益、拓宽农村金融投资渠道、完善农村社会保障制度等进一步提高农村居民收入的对策建议.     

收入分配差距对经济增长的影响：文献述评

收入分配差距与经济增长的关系一直是经济学界关注的研究领域。基于收入分配差距对经济增长影响效应的研究,主要集中在收入分配差距是否对经济增长有害的讨论以及收入分配差距影响经济增长的作用机制上。文章分别从这两方面对该领域的核心文献进行梳理,并对已有文献进行简评,提出了进一步研究的方向。     

内蒙古城乡居民收入问题初探

一、内蒙古城乡居民收入增长中存在的问题一是居民收入增长与经济增长速度不够协调,经济与收入共同增长的机制还有待进一步建立和完善。二是城乡居民收入、城镇居民内部和农牧民内部收入、地区之间收入差距不断拉大。三是城乡居民收入虽有较大幅度上升,但是不够稳定。     

让消费亮点更亮

十八大以后,我国更加注重有质量、无水分的国内生产总值(GDP)。在经济发展从追求GDP数字增长转向追求GDP质量改善的过程中,如何保障消费平稳较快增长、增强消费对投资的导向作用和对经济增长的拉动作用,是实现经济有质量、无水分增长的首要课题。多策并举提升居民消费能力必须从影响消费最根本的因素入手,解决消费增长的收入瓶颈问题。在收入分配体制改革、保障就业和收入增长、缩小收入两极化及减少居民公共支出等方面入     

旅游经济与经济增长关系研究——以南京市为例

以旅游经济和经济增长理论为基础,对南京市旅游收入与南京市国内生产总值、南京市旅游接待人数进行单位根检验与协整检验后,进行回归分析。结果表明,南京市旅游收入、南京市国内生产总值、南京市旅游接待人数三者之间存在协整关系。从长期看,南京市旅游收入与南京市国内生产总值、南京市旅游接待人数之间构成均衡关系,南京市国内生产总值每增长1%,南京市旅游收入将平均增长0.369%;南京市旅游接待人数每增长1%,南京市旅游收入将平均增长0.846%;从短期看,南京市国内生产总值对南京市旅游收入的增长影响不明显,南京市旅游接待人数对南京市旅游收入的增长影响明显,短期弹性为0.871。Granger因果检验结果表明南京市国内生产总值增长、南京市旅游接待人数增长是南京市旅游收入增长的Granger原因。     

不公,不平,与经济增长

收入不平与未来增长负相关,但是在控制了产权保护与法治水平以后这一关系不再存在,说明真正影响经济增长的并不是表象上收入分配的平等程度,而是经济活动内在规则的公正与否。进一步的证据表明,收入不平等程度受到产权保护与法治水平的显著影响。良好的产权保护和法治是经济公正的集中体现,有利于减少寻租,缩小收入差距,促进经济增长,本文用理论模型和实证证据来说明这一点。     

什么是真正的中等收入陷阱?

大量中等收入国家在50年甚至更长时期内无法"升级"到高收入国家,并不是因为存在中等收入陷阱,而是因为划分中等收入国家的收入范围太宽。中等收入陷阱本质上是增长陷阱。如果把出现增长陷阱的概率当作衡量陷阱大小的标准,则在低收入陷阱、中等收入陷阱和高收入陷阱之中,中等收入陷阱是最小的。尽管如此,中等收入陷阱出现的概率也非常大。一如果一个国家不能很好地避免陷阱,则其从中等收入阶段向高收入阶段的发展将长这几百年时间。如果能有效地避免中等收入陷阱,则能在几十年的时间内迅速从低收入国家发展成为高收入国家。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.