Distribution of income and expenditures across nations

This paper outlines a premise that state social and economic planning in recent decades were the outgrowth of Marxist doctrine, even though Marxism as an economic system failed to materialize. The paper addresses the rise of the New Left with its doctrine of radical economics and its influence for state planning. For this purpose, the paper compares 126 countries grouped by income distribution and income inequality. The findings indicate that richer economies perform better than economies of lesser income in the distribution and equality of income.     

Profit-maximizing communities and the theory of local public expenditures: Comment

It is argued that Sonstelie and Portney's proof that property-value maximization by each local community leads to Pareto efficient supplies of public goods is incorrect. In their analysis, property-value maximization is equivalent to profit maximization by communities. They contend that less than maximum levels of profits would lead to lower utility levels for consumers. However, in their proof, Sonstelie and Portney do not correctly characterize the implications of utility maximization. When those implications are correctly stated, their proof no longer holds.     

交流电源过零点检测技术方法之研究

交流电源过零点检测主要用于对交流电源的电压和频率反相点的测定,还可以对交流电源过零时间的检测,是目前一种比较常见的技术应用方法。文章针对于控制以交流电为能源的机械设备,将交流电源过点检测精确性进行有效地提升,具有举足轻重的作用。文章分析和研究了交流电源过零点检测技术的方法和运用以及传统检测电路的不足之处。     

零库存生产及实现方法

以企业生产物流管理中的库存管理为切入点,在简要介绍库存概念和存管理策略的基础上,提出零库存及零库存生产方式的概念,重点探索了零库存的实质和意义以及给出企业具体零库存的几种方法。     

一汽丰田的零仲裁原则

一汽丰田汽车销售有限公司的人力资源策略受经济危机的影响,今年公司计划新增人数比去年大幅度减少。不过面对不期而至的销售高峰,一汽丰田汽车销售有限公司已经连续多次调高了今年的销售目标     

论企业中的零库存管理

零库存管理是企业物流管理追求的目标,是企业有效降低经营成本,提高管理效率,提升企业核心竞争力的有效途径之一。文章阐述了零库存管理的概念、作用,并对其实现途径和方法进行了探索,为企业零库存管理工作提供借鉴。     

论企业中的零库存管理

零库存管理是企业物流管理追求的目标,是企业有效降低经营成本,提高管理效率,提升企业核心竞争力的有效途径之一.文章阐述了零库存管理的概念、作用,并对其实现途径和方法进行了探索,为企业零库存管理工作提供借鉴.     

On the use of risk analysis for the evaluation of industrial R&D expenditures

This paper focuses on a particular aspect of the R&D decision process, i.e. the screening of alternative projects at the firm level. A review of the traditional methods of risk analysis, based on two-parameter measures of risk and return, strongly suggests that they are unable to capture the essential skewed nature of R&D decisions due to the underlying assumption of normal distributions. Fortunately, the availability of alternative models based on ‘distribution free’ methods has significantly increased our ability to evaluate highly skewed returns. This paper sets out, in some detail, the case of using one such model, the stochastic dominance paradigm, to screen R&D proposals.     

Preferences of citizens for public expenditures on elementary and secondary education

This paper presents an empirical analysis of citizens' preferences for public elementary and secondary education expenditures. Survey data collected in conjunction with a school tax referendum and a multinomial probit random utility model are used to make inferences concerning the preference mappings of citizens. These estimated mappings, in turn, imply unique estimates of the demands of citizens for public education expenditures. Citizens' beliefs concerning whether expenditures are wisely spent and will affect school quality are seen to be important determinants of demand. The impact of citizens' perceptions of tax costs is also considered.     

"零缺陷"理论的探究

随着质量管理理念和方法的不断成熟,目前质量管理已经进入全面质量管理的新阶段。"零缺陷"作为全面质量管理的重要组成部分,越来越多的企业开始围绕"零缺陷"开展质量管理和企业文化建设。零缺陷"作为一种系统的管理方法,为提升员工质量意识和企业质量水平提供了理论参考和实践指导。     

The effect of FAA expenditures on air travel delays

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) seeks to prevent the nation's aviation system from becoming congested. To reduce delays, the FAA makes investments in air traffic control. We assess the efficacy of these investments by developing an empirical model of delays that is motivated by air traffic control operations. We find that FAA spending has reduced the costs of delays to travelers and operators but that the FAA could generate greater benefits if spending were increased and efficiently allocated toward airports that experience the greatest delays.     

On the analysis of multivariate growth curves

Growth curve data arise when repeated measurements are observed on a number of individuals with an ordered dimension for occasions. Such data appear frequently in almost all fields in which statistical models are used, for instance in medicine, agriculture and engineering. In medicine, for example, more than one variable is often measured on each occasion. However, analyses are usually based on exploration of repeated measurements of only one variable. The consequence is that the information contained in the between-variables correlation structure will be discarded.  In this study we propose a multivariate model based on the random coefficient regression model for the analysis of growth curve data. Closed-form expressions for the model parameters are derived under the maximum likelihood (ML) and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) framework. It is shown that in certain situations estimated variances of growth curve parameters are greater for REML. Also a method is proposed for testing general linear hypotheses. One numerical example is provided to illustrate the methods discussed. Received: 22 February 1999     

K-means clustering of item characteristic curves and item information curves via functional principal component analysis

Quality & Quantity - The assessment of students’ performances and learning skills plays a key role in the educational context. Common tools for analyzing test data are item response...     

Causality between taxes and expenditures: Evidence from Latin American countries

The paper applies the techniques of cointegration and Hsiao’s version of the Granger causality method to examine the causality between taxes and expenditures for eight Latin American countries. The findings of bidirectional causality between taxes and expenditures in Chile, Panama, Brazil, and Peru indicate that taxes and expenditures are jointly determined. This study, however, detects causality running one way from taxes to expenditures in Columbia, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, and Paraguay. Taken together, this study strongly rejects the spend-and-tax hypothesis. (JEL C320, E620)     

服装行业零库存对策解析

零库存是一个比较特殊的概念,文中解析了零库存的内涵,对服装行业如何实现零库存提出了自己的见解。     

保护接地与保护接零应用分析

保护接地与保护接零是预防电气设备产生漏电时造成外壳带电而发生危险所采取的有效措施。当前,不少人对保护接地和保护接零在实际使用时不加区分,因此普及保护接地和保护接零知识,以实现安全用电很有必要。     

保护接地与保护接零应用分析

保护接地与保护接零是预防电气设备产生漏电时造成外壳带电而发生危险所采取的有效措施.当前,不少人对保护接地和保护接零在实际使用时不加区分,因此普及保护接地和保护接零知识,以实现安全用电很有必要.     

堆垛机提速研制探讨

1.技术背景 体现堆垛机性能高低的指标,主要有运行速度、平稳性、振动与噪音、认址精度、起升速度、货叉速度等。目前,我国堆垛机多数还停留在20世纪70年代的水平,其性能指标较低,运行速度一般为80-160转／分钟,起升速度、货叉速度保持在0-25米／分钟,认址采用光电探测,精度不足,认址差错率高。另外,由于整机刚度低,无隔振减振措施,因而运行振动大,平稳性能差。总体技术水平与