A taxonomy of manpower—educational planning models

In the last decade the literature has recorded several works concerned with the applications of network flow-like models to the area of manpower planning, and specifically the management manpower training program to assure that supply will meet the demand. Because the system which these models attempt to describe and/or decisions which they prescribe are rather complex in the real world, each of these models has imbedded in them certain simplifying assumptions. On the other hand, each incorporates different aspects of what is real. This paper develops a taxonomy of the landmark developments in this area. The taxonomical schema is then used to unify the models in consideration of the decision factors used. The schema envisions a general model containing all the factors which are explicitly or implicitly considered in the existing literature as being germane. The schema lends itself to both the identifying of those models which might be of interest and not available in the literature on the one hand and it shows in bold relief the similarities and differences between existing models.     

生态城市规划体系

生态城市不仅反映人类谋求自身发展的意愿,也体现了人类对人与自然关系更深刻的认识。生态城市不仅仅要在城市环境方面体现生态学的理念,还要在城市经济、城市社会、城市文化生活等诸方面体现生态学的理念。将生态学的理念全方位地贯彻到城市的发展过程,就需要有一个生态城市规划。本文从生态城市的环境生态、经济生态和社会生态三方面论述了生态城市规划体系的内涵。     

A mathematical programming model for planning training opportunities in relation to manpower targets for development

One major obstacle to the implementation of development projects in many developing countries is the inadequate supply of skilled manpower. Thus efficient planning of training opportunities to supply the requisite quantity and quality of skills in phase with project implementation is an important problem. This paper develops a mathematical programming model for planning training opportunities in relation to manpower targets determined for development projects. The projects are assumed to have been selected according to some criteria of desirability deriving either from social cost-benefit analysis or national goals. The model permits alternative avenues of developing skilled manpower to be investigated with a view to ensuring the availability of qualified personnel given a stated work/task schedule, over a period of time, while attempting to minimize costs to the manpower supply system.     

An interdisciplinary research approach to manpower planning and development-an Israeli case study

The purpose of this paper is to describe a model for interdisciplinary research and to analyze the problems inherent in the application of this methodology. The discussion is illustrated by an analysis of a case study of the seafaring occupations in Israel.     

生态和谐视角下的山地步行交通规划及指引

当前国内对城市步行交通规划的理论研究还比较薄弱,步行交通出行在山地城市有着重要的地位。本文提出在把握未来山地城市生态化发展的趋势基础上,结合山地城市生态化发展来分析其步行交通的特点,强调生态和谐的步行交通规划,将自然生态、人工生态、人文生态融为一体。通过进一步解析生态和谐的规划目标,结合重庆市步行交通体系规划研究案例,提出了山地步行交通规划的理论与方法,尝试构建山地步行环境与设施设计与管理的指引,从类型指引和细部设计指引两方面指导下阶段具体规划设计。     

公路规划环境影响评价指标体系研究

文章提出了公路规划环境影响评价指标体系的建立步骤和原则,用矩阵筛选法确定了公路规划环境影响重点因子,初步建立了由3个一级指标、11个二级指标组成的公路规划环境影响评价指标体系。     

系统建设要重视需求分析和能力规划——访北京科技大学物流研究所王转

北京科技大学物流研究所是我国最早成立的物流研究机构,近年来与北京吴鼎物流科技有限责任公司合作,为社会提供全方位的物流咨询和规划服务.典型医药行业客户包括国药天津、上海、广州公司,新疆新特药,双鹤药业等.     

论企业人力资源管理体系建设的重要性

文章认为人力资源是一个现代企业形成核心竞争力最重要的元素,因此,企业要站在企业战略的高度,建立完整、科学、合理的企业人力资源管理体系。     

A heuristic algorithm for capacity sensitive requirements planning

Available lot sizing rules for use in MRP (Material Requirements Planning) systems ignore capacity limitations at various work centers when sizing future orders. Planned order releases are instead determined by the tradeoff only between the item's set up and inventory holding costs. This limitation can cause unanticipated overloads and underloads at the various work centers, along with higher inventories, poorer customer service, and excessive overtime.This research explores one way to make MRP systems more sensitive to capacity limitations at the time of each regeneration run. A relatively simple heuristic algorithm is designed for this purpose. The procedure is applied to those planned order releases that standard MRP logic identifies as mature for release. The lot sizes for a small percentage of these items are increased or decreased so as to have the greatest impact in smoothing capacity requirements at the various work centers in the system. This algorithm for better integrating material requirements plans and capacity requirements plans is tested with a large scale simulator in a variety of manufacturing environments. This simulator has subsequently undergone extensive tests, including its successful validation with actual data at a large plant of major corporations.Simulation results show that the algorithm's modest extension to MRP logic significantly helps overall performance, particularly with customer service. For a wide range of test environments, past due orders were reduced by more than 30% when the algorithm was used. Inventory levels and capacity problems also improved. Not surprisingly, the algorithm helps the most (compared to not using it at all as an MRP enhancement) in environments in which short-term bottlenecks are most severe. Large lot sizes and tight shop capacities are characteristic of these environments. The algorithm works the best when forecast errors are not excessive and the master schedule is not too “nervous.”This proposed procedure is but one step toward making MRP more capacity sensitive. The widely heralded concept of “closed-loop” MRP means that inventory analysts must change or “fix up” parts of the computer generated material requirements plan. What has been missing is a tool for identifying the unrealistic parts of the plan. Our algorithm helps formalize this identification process and singles out a few planned order releases each week. This information comes to the analyst's attention as part of the usual action notices. These pointers to capacity problems go well beyond capacity requirements planning (CRP) and would be impossible without computer assistance.Our study produced two other findings. First, short-term bottlenecks occur even when the master production schedule is leveled. The culprits are the lot sizing choices for items at lower levels in the bills of material. “Rough-cut” capacity planning, such as resource requirements planning, therefore is not a sufficient tool for leveling capacity requirements. It must be supplemented by a way to smooth bottlenecks otherwise caused by shop orders for intermediate items. Second, the disruptive effect of large lot sizes is apparent, both in terms of higher inventories and worse customer service. Large lot sizes not only inflate inventories, but paradoxically hurt customer service because they create more capacity bottlenecks. The only reason why management should prefer large lot sizes is if set-up times are substantial and cannot be efficiently reduced. This finding is very much in step with the current interest in just-in-time (JIT) systems.     

A paradigm for location and multidimensional problems in planning

Several theories, concepts, methods, or alternatively, “paradigms” have been suggested for the explanation and prediction of the location behavior of urban households. Increasingly, hwoever, “behavioral” approaches to the explanation of the dimensions of “choice” and/or exploration of alternative hypotheses have been cumbersome in the “mechanistic” paradigms of the social system and its related subsystems.An alternative paradigm of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed to explore alternative structural specification hypotheses (sequential versus simultaneous) on the grouping and changing relative importance of “instrumental” and “non-instrumental” factors affecting location decision-making. AHP estimates of the “locational shares” of an urban (corridor) zonal population provide a paradigmatic basis for behavioral, vis-a-vis environmental, explanation of location decision-processes in a methodologically efficient, robust and theoretically inclusive framework of hierarchy systems.This paradigm is proposed for locational analysis requiring an effective integration of multilevel, environmental (contextual) and behavioral measures of relative importance, with limited data, and, for multidimensional problems in planning and policy-making, formidably requiring the integration of positive with normative analysis of systems.     

A control rule for recruitment planning in engineering consultancy

The most valuable asset of a professional service firm is its people. Owing to the high labor turnover, staffing decision is very critical in its operations. We take engineering consultancy as a professional service and emphasize the importance of developing knowledge stock of skilled consultants in a planned manner for efficient productivity management. Our focus is management of knowledge-mix, which is the mix of consultants at different productivity levels. Our model is designed to determine the steady-state number of consultant-mix to meet demand at a desired service level. This is done through the use of control theory and chance constrained programming.      

A heuristic method for aggregate planning: Production decision framework

This paper presents an understandable and straight-forward method for making work force level and inventory planning decisions, i.e., dynamic aggregate planning decisions.The development phase utilizes a ratio, named RPCC, which represents the relative value of the cost of changing the production level to the cost of carrying inventory. This ratio is used to determine the length of an effective planning horizon. Two indicators are calculated to reflect the demand to current production rate over different time periods. Based on the joint values of these indicators, the planning problem is subdivided into one of nine mutually exclusive and exhaustive states. A set of action statements, representing logical responses to each of the sub-problems, is formulated.After completion of the development phase, the performance of the Production Decision Framework model is tested in several real case environments. Suggestions are made for further improvement.     

A microeconomic planning model for the new york times newspaper

The New York Times model is a large-scale model which forecasts sales and earnings for the New York Times newspaper. Sturcturally, it is composed of two major blocks; a demand module, and a production, cost and revenue module. The demand module, the heart of the model, is a set of simultaneous nonlinear econometric equations which forecast physical volume, approximately 35 categories of advertising lines and 10 categories of circulation. The second block is recursive and contains roughly 300 equations, some of which are stochastic behavioral equations. This block converts the volume forecasts into paging, newsprint consumption, newsprint distribution and manning requirements. These physical flows are then monetized, using price and wage forecasts, to produce estimates of revenue, fixed and variable costs, and operating profit. This paper summarizes the development of the model, with emphasis on the advertising and circulation model. It should be noted that the structure of the model is constantly evolving. Consequently, emphasis is placed on the conceptual underpinnings of the model not on a detailed presentation of the current structure.     

A planning model for regional systems of CT scanners.

For the last couple of years the number of CT scanners has increased considerably in the Federal Republic of Germany. This development has led to regional disparities in the provision of CT scanner installations. For the purpose of evaluating additional locations for CT scanners a planning model is proposed. The model contains two planning options: the number of CT scanners and the regional distribution of scanner locations. It allows one to calculate overall operation costs and transportation costs, as well as additional criteria relevant to decisions about regional systems of CT scanners. The model has been applied to the northeast of Baden-Württemberg. One of the interesting findings is that an increase in the number of CT scanners may result in lower total costs for a regional system of CT scanners.     

城市广场规划控制指标

提出了城市广场规划控制指标体系 ,以期通过密度控制、用地控制、设施控制 ,使城市广场的规划设计、审批和管理有法可依、有章可循     

Planning for recreational planning

This paper takes a look at recreational planning from the point of view of a formal planning system. In particular, the development of a decision support system for recreational planning is discussed. One of the outputs of this system is the familiar recreation plan and its associated processes. In addition, such a system allows the recreation plan to deal with some important issues on a timely basis as well as establishing a strong working relationship with local agencies.