The fertility of the Irish in the United States in 1910

The relatively high marital fertility of the Irish in the United States in the 19th century has long been interpreted as evidence for the persistence of a distinctive Irish culture in the United States. This claim echoes a similar view of Irish-American marriage patterns. Recent work has shown that the marriage patterns of the Irish in the United States were similar to native-born whites with similar occupational and other characteristics. This paper studies the reasons for the high fertility of Irish-Americans in 1910. Irish-born women in that year had much larger families than the typical native-born woman, and little of the difference can be attributed to other characteristics. Second-generation Irishwomen were less distinctive in this regard, although even they differed from the natives primarily because of a different proclivity to have a large family. Our results signal the complexity of immigrant adjustment to a new environment; the Irish largely abandoned one aspect of Irish demographic behavior while clinging to another.     

城市经营和城投公司的战略调整

要充分挖掘和利用城市资源,形成良好的投入、产出机制,达到以城建城的目的,就需要打破计划经济体制下的城建运作模式,将原来城建投资的政府行为转变为企业行为,通过引入市场经济模式和建立适当的载体——城投公司来对城市资产进行经营运作。文章着重论述城投公司在城市经营中的作用,指出城投公司在城市经营中应该如何调整公司的发展战略以进一步适应城市经济和城市建设的发展。     

日资企业内沟通不畅的问题及对策分析

某知名的日资电子企业由于不重视本土人才的培养,中日双方员工在背景和工作理念上的巨大差异,以及语言不通等原因造成了沟通中的障碍.解决这一问题的对策是:高层领导要意识到内部沟通的重要性;重视对本土人才的培养;认清中日两国员工在文化和工作理念上的差异;加强语言学习.     

中俄经贸合作对策研究

2004年中俄贸易额突破了200亿美元的大关,这意味着中俄两国的经济贸易合作进入了一个新的历史阶段,驶入了加速发展的快车道.在这种新的形势下,我们应该抓住机遇,积极利用原有的基础,并创造各种有利条件,选择合理的途径,进一步开拓俄罗斯市场,继续为扩大中俄经贸合作的规模、深化经贸合作水平而努力.     

扶持中小企业的发展是推动我国经济增长的有效途径

本文通过对股份有限公司股份回购的相关理论、法规及帐务处理的分析 ,结合我国已实施的几起股份回购案例 ,论证在我国实施股份回购的可行性并提出相应的改进意见。     

中小企业财务管理中存在的问题及对策

中小企业在我国国民经济中起到举足轻重的作用,但由于种种原因,中小企业中有相当一部分忽视了财务管理的核心地位,本文针对目前中小企业存在的融资困难、财务控制薄弱、管理模式僵化等问题,提出了一些解决对策。     

基于“三流一安全”的电子商务分析模型

本文先通过股票投资价值模型 ,从理论上分析风险资本公开上市与并购方式退出的巨大差别 ,然后结合我国实际论证 ,公司并购应是我国目前风险资本退出的主要方式 ,强调了公司并购需注重选择并购主体。     

The development of real wages in Norway about 1730–1910

Abstract

Prior to about 1850, the classes in Norway living in households where the living standard of household members was wholly or largely determined by the size of an annual wage paid in cash were numerically speaking marginal. In 1801, for example, the aggregate urban population of Norway formed no more than about 10% of the country's total population of 883,000. During the industrial revolution in Norway the subsistence economy was to a large extent replaced by the cash economy, but around 1910 about 360,000 of the occupationally active total of 880,000 were still employed in primary occupations.     

企业发展的六大法则

企业进入新世纪将面临更严峻的考验 ,如何迎接挑战 ?本文提出了企业发展的六大“黄金法则”。     

广州开发区的跨国企业文化

1988年,第一家世界500强企业百事集团进入广州开发区,近20年过去了,目前,这里已经聚集了98家世界500强企业,成为跨国企业投资的热门区域.跨国企业带来的企业文化不仅外化在产品和服务上,也更深层次地体现在企业内化的核心价值观上.近年来,跨国公司除了进行经济角逐,同时展开一场企业文化的竞争.目前,广州开发区基本形成三种企业文化:欧美型企业文化、日本型企业文化和借鉴性企业文化.中国企业向跨国公司学习的浪潮,正从第一轮学硬件,第二轮学制度,迈向第三轮学文化.     

论跨国公司管理中的伦理力建设

经济全球化使全球活动跨越了地域的界限,以利益和最终绩效为终点,促进了接受各种不同政治、经济、文化、法律和教育辐射的个体互动和沟通,也产生了相互联系、相互依存的新型组织关系。在跨国公司管理中整合出符合自身成长的、竞争对手无法模仿的伦理力十分重要,这有利于提高内     

企业发展的六大法则

企业进入新世纪将面临更严峻的考验，如何迎接挑战？本文提出了企业发展的六大“黄金法则”。     

The phenomenon of summer diarrhea and its waning, 1910-1930

During the first two decades of the 20^th century, diarrheal deaths among American infants and children surged every summer. Although we still do not know what pathogen (or pathogens) caused this phenomenon, the consensus view is that it was eventually controlled through public health efforts at the municipal level. Using data from 26 major American cities for the period 1910-1930, we document the phenomenon of summer diarrhea and explore its dissipation. We find that water filtration is associated with a 15 percent reduction in diarrheal mortality among children under the age of two during the non-summer months, but does not seem to have had an effect on diarrheal mortality during the summer. In general, we find little evidence to suggest that public health interventions undertaken at the municipal level contributed to the dissipation of summer diarrhea.     

The effects of reconstruction finance corporation assistance on Michigan's banks' survival in the 1930s

We examine the effects of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation's (RFC) loan and preferred stock programs on bank failure rates in Michigan during the period 1932–1934, which includes the important Michigan banking crisis of early 1933 and its aftermath. Using a new database on Michigan banks, we employ probit and survival duration analysis to examine the effectiveness of the RFC's loan program (the policy tool employed before March 1933) and the RFC's preferred stock purchases (the policy tool employed after March 1933) on bank failure rates.