基于供应链合作伙伴关系的项目交易成本分析

供应链管理已经成为企业界理论研究的热点,原来作为企业竞争力量的供应商和购买者现在成为了供应链上的合作伙伴。然而,整条供应链条上的企业仍然是相互独立的成员,交易成本作为供应链上主要的组织间成本,仍然存在。文章根据威廉姆斯提出的交易成本影响因素,分析供应链合作伙伴关系下的工程项目交易成本,提出在有效控制机制下,通过实现供应链合作伙伴关系,可以有效降低交易成本,提升整条供应链上企业的核心竞争力。     

供应链现代化下跨企业财务管理研究

文章从供应链现代化背景出发,结合我国供应链现代化的特点和内涵,分析我国企业财务管理存在的不足,围绕供应链节点企业"共同价值"和供应链效率提升,依据交易成本理论,提出打破节点企业之间财务边界的跨企业财务管理思路,并从跨企业财务管理制度、运行机制、支撑技术三个方面入手,详细论述跨企业财务管理模式的构建,并给出有针对性的保障措施.     

基于信号博弈的供应链节点企业间交易成本研究

正在经济一体化席卷全球的21世纪,市场的竞争是联盟之间的竞争,即供应链之间的竞争。企业是生产成本和交易成本的统一,一切经济活动都存在以生产为代表的技术成本和以制度为载体的交易成本。在供应链系统中,交易成本存在于供应链相邻两个节点企业之间。信号博弈理论是斯宾塞在1974年首先发展起来的。它是一种     

企业边界随企业生命周期的变化规律

1937年科斯发表《企业的性质》一文,指出在企业的最优边界在于市场交易成本等于企业内部管理成本,交易成本理论奠定了企业理论的基础,科斯之后更多企业理论被提出来,20世纪90年代企业能力边界理论被提出来,随着科学技术的不断发展,互联网技术的应用,让企业边界趋于模糊,近代,有学者曾提出无边界理论.一种理论的盛行,正说明其在一定程度上解决了一个角度的问题,在搜集文献的时候,发现企业边界的变化与企业的生命周期的发展有一定的相似之处,所以本文从企业生命周期的角度对企业边界的变化进行描述,在企业成长阶段,企业边界处于扩张趋势,在成熟时期企业边界达到最优,企业在衰退阶段的战略决策决定企业的生死存亡.     

企业边界的变化:知识理论的解释及其发展

企业边界研究是企业理论研究的核心问题之一,企业知识理论的发展弥补了交易成本理论对企业边界变化解释的不足。在对文献研究的基础上,文章从知识转移效率、知识创造效率、知识使用效率及知识与交易成本的共同分析四个方面对相关文献做了回顾及简单评述,最后并简单地阐述了将来研究的方向。     

从纵向一体化到供应链战略的抉择机制分析

本文以博弈论为理论工具，通过对纵向一体化的垄断企业、纵向一体化的寡头垄断企业，以及以寡头垄断企业为核心的供应链企业的转移定价行为及收益，进行建模对比分析，探求企业实施供应链战略的合理性和供应链企业合作的基础。     

基于委托-代理关系下的供应链成本研究

在委托-代理关系下探讨了供应链企业之间交易成本产生的机理,并提出了降低供应链企业间交易成本的路径和措施。     

在网络经济下的企业边界的研究——基于能力理论的视角

网络经济的到来,企业的经营理念和组织结构都发生了极大的变化,使得传统的交易成本理论对企业边界的解释显得有些不足。通过梳理主流企业边界理论的相关观点,阐释了能力理论对于分析网络经济下企业边界的适用性。在此基础上,从核心能力、附属能力和基本能力三个纬度对企业的边界进行了探讨。     

互联网对企业边界的影响机制

企业边界是企业经营决策的重要参考指标,明确的企业边界是企业制定发展战略的前提。互联网的应用带来了企业生产方式的变革,企业的交易成本和生产成本处于不断变化中,企业边界趋于模糊化。本文基于新制度经济学派的交易成本经济学和新古典经济学派的生产成本理论,构建理论分析框架探究互联网对企业边界的影响机制。结果表明,不同企业由于资产专用性程度、比较优势大小和信息依赖程度等特征的差异,在互联网的作用下,企业边界呈现不同的变动趋势。这一结论较好地解释当前企业并购和企业虚拟化并存的社会现象。     

重构企业边界:兼并与分拆

当“企业内部组织成本与市场交易成本不均衡”时，企业边界需要重构。若企业内部组织成本小于市场交易成本，则通过兼并扩张其边界；若企业内部组织成本大于市场交易成本，则通过分拆肾缩其边界。我国的企业重组可看作是企业边界重构的过程。     

A Capabilities Perspective on the Evolution of Firm Boundaries: A Comparative Case Example from the Portuguese Moulds Industry*

ABSTRACT The issue of vertical firm boundaries continues to attract interest both for economics and management research. The transaction cost economics approach, emphasizing transaction‐specific assets and opportunism in order to explain discrete ‘make‐or‐buy’ decisions, dominates the literature. Nevertheless, alternative perspectives, developed under the guise of the capabilities, competence or knowledge‐based theories of the firm, have gained attention recently. They focus on the evolutionary dynamics of boundaries in the context of the division of labour among firms in an industry and on what is to be divided and co‐ordinated – i.e. productive knowledge. The conceptual links between this line of research, which some refer to as neo‐Marshallian, and the Industrial Networks approach are explored in this paper. The paper emphasizes both a vision of firms as sets of direct and indirect capabilities, developed and combined in different ways over time, and the connectedness between inter‐firm relationships. The discussion is illustrated with the cases of two firms, which are contrasted in terms of the dynamic evolution of their boundaries. The analysis made supports the argument that firms’ vertical boundaries reflect their relationships with specific counterparts and the way they address through time the division and integration of knowledge through the configuration of direct and indirect, counterpart specific, capabilities.     

Explaining Vertical Integration Strategies: Market Power, Transactional Attributes and Capabilities

abstract    We analyse vertical boundaries of firms by identifying and comparing industrial, transactional and firm-specific factors in such a way that industrial organization, new institutional economics and the capability-based view are all taken into account. After testing the model in 155 firms in the Spanish meat industry, we observe that only factors associated with both transaction costs and capabilities have a statistical and economic relevance for explaining vertical integration. Firms vertically integrate to create specific investment between stages of the value chain, to internally exploit their pool of knowledge and capacities, and to guarantee quality of inputs and services employed. On the other hand, firms avoid high levels of vertical integration in the presence of high demand changes in order to stay flexible. Finally, providers or clients with market power do not seem to affect vertical boundaries in any consistent way.     

The Vertical Organization of Industry: Systems Competition versus Component Competition

We discuss two contrasting styles of vertical organization of complementary activities or components in an industry: systems competition versus component competition. When firms' competencies differ, systems competition is not a perfect substitute for component competition, even with Bertmnd behavior. Costs, prices, industry profits, and the distribution of those profits among firms all differ between the two styles of organization. Moreover, firms' profit incentives do not generally guide them towards the socially efficient form of vertical organization. In duopoly, there is a bias towards open organization (component competition), but with enough firms (three or more, in an exponential example) this bias is reversed.     

Facilitating offshoring with enterprise technologies: Reducing operational friction in the governance and production of services

The development of cheap and robust communications technologies has lowered the cost of conducting business transactions across international boarders and opened up low wage rate global labor markets to firms facing demand for cheap and efficient service delivery. A review of transaction cost theory and operations management models of service process disaggregation reveals parallels between the how firm boundaries are determined and how certain service process elements can be disaggregated from face-to-face customer contact. This theoretical background is used to identify challenges to the effective offshoring of service processes. The competitive capability literature offers suggestions as to how firms might acquire the internal capabilities required to manage offshore service processes. Propositions are developed on how the standardized transactional infrastructure of enterprise technologies (and the organizational competencies developed by successful enterprise system adopters) may help mitigate the challenges of offshore governance.     

Open standards,vertical disintegration and entrepreneurial opportunities: How vertically-specialized firms entered the U.S. semiconductor industry

This paper shows how the emergence of open standards has created large numbers of entrepreneurial opportunities in the semiconductor industry by enabling vertical specialization. Integrating data on firms and technology evolution, we find a gradual increase in the percentage of firms represented by newly-founded “de novo” entrepreneurial startups, instead of “de alio” ones, as open standards emerged in semiconductor products and processes over the life of the industry. This standardization reduced transaction costs and fostered specialization, thus facilitating the entry of vertically-specialized new ventures. Vise versa, the rise of such new ventures further pushed the adoption of open standards, and the vertical disintegration of the industry. Our theory on how standardization creates opportunities for new ventures and our analysis of the semiconductor industry contribute to the technology entrepreneurship literature, as well as the industry architecture literature that has primarily focused on the impact of standardization on the disintegration of vertically-integrated incumbents.     

Real Options, International Entry Mode Choice and Performance

abstract    Recent scholarship suggests that combining insights from real option theory with transaction cost economics may improve decision-making models. In response to this suggestion we develop and test a model of international entry mode choice that draws from both perspectives. Examining samples of Dutch and Greek firms entering Central and Eastern European markets, we found that adding real option variables to a transaction cost model significantly improved its explanatory power. Additionally, firms that used the combined real option/transaction cost predicted choices had significantly higher levels of subsidiary performance satisfaction than firms that did not. Our results suggest that effective managerial decision-making may involve more than mere transaction cost minimization considerations; real option value creation insights also appear to influence the success of decision outcomes.     

企业进行关系专用资产投资研究综述——基于市场权力视角

以企业市场权力为区分点,根据资源依赖理论,高市场权力企业进行关系专用投资可以保证自己持续的竞争力和议价能力;根据扩展后的交易成本理论,低市场权力企业从整个交易环境中进行专用资产投资可以产生正的溢出效应;而社会交换理论,对称市场权力企业进行专用资产投资是表示信任与承诺的积极方式。     

Endogenous qualifications and firms'' agglomeration

This paper analyzes firms' location when workers endogenously choose to qualify for professional skills but when they remain uncertain about the potential match between their personal abilities and/or affinities and the firms' specific production tasks. By qualifying in a region where firms agglomerate, workers benefit from higher prospects of good match. At the equilibrium, we show that firms may locate in a single cluster, symmetric clusters or even asymmetric clusters. Comparative statics with respect to product market demand and labor supply parameters are provided.     

使用差价补偿策略的寡头竞争模型

差价补偿策略,是近年来在国内兴起的一种企业间竞争策略。从博弈论角度来看,对消费者承诺差价补偿,即是向竞争对手发出了一种不打价格战的可置信的威胁信号,可以有效地避免企业间的价格竞争;从市场营销角度来看,差价补偿策略会影响消费者行为,改变消费者预期,最终促使市场竞争向着企业有利的方向发展。本文对差价补偿策略建立了一个数学模型,分析企业采用差价补偿策略的原因以及竞争双方博弈的均衡结果。     

A Transaction Cost Perspective of Alliance Portfolio Diversity

Alliance portfolio diversity (APD) helps firms access diverse capabilities and knowledge. APD can also increase transaction costs, but it is unknown whether and how transaction cost theory’s (TCT’s) insights about hierarchical integration operate at the portfolio level. We adapt TCT to the portfolio level to suggest that the transaction costs from APD encourage integration into alliance partners’ industries, and we introduce the concept of shared-specific investments to pinpoint one source of transaction costs within portfolios and predict which industries will be integrated. Using data from 1996–2013 on S&P 500 firms, we find evidence in support of our theorising. Juxtaposing results with other theoretical perspectives suggests that TCT offers complementary insights about which activities to perform in the firm versus the alliance portfolio.