Examining the Performance of Islamic and Conventional Stock Indices: A Comparative Analysis

Asia-Pacific Financial Markets - Islamic indices encompass different fundamental principles to those held by conventional ones, which directs attention onto comparative financial performance. This...     

Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis

The relative financial strength of Islamic banks is assessed empirically based on evidence covering individual Islamic and commercial banks in 19 banking systems with a substantial presence of Islamic banking. We find that (a) small Islamic banks tend to be financially stronger than small commercial banks; (b) large commercial banks tend to be financially stronger than large Islamic banks; and (c) small Islamic banks tend to be financially stronger than large Islamic banks, which may reflect challenges of credit risk management in large Islamic banks. We also find that the market share of Islamic banks does not have a significant impact on the financial strength of other banks.     

伊斯兰银行"不言利"

禁止与利息打交道 在西方人把"伊斯兰"、"金融"与"恐怖主义洗钱活动"联系起来时,伊斯兰世界却悄悄地开始了另一场"圣战",建立一套自己的金融体系--这里,利息是根本不存在的.     

伊斯兰银行业公司治理:理论与实践

伊斯兰银行业公司治理由于其自身不同的经营特点而与传统银行业治理存在较大的差异,其治理结构、代理关系较为复杂,成为英美、德日模式之外较具代表性的一种模式。本文从伊斯兰银行的治理结构及其复杂的委托代理关系出发,论述了其面临的代理问题,并就其代理问题介绍了伊斯兰银行业的公司治理实践,以期为我国的银行业治理提供一定的借鉴。     

商业银行信用风险评估的生存分析模型及实证研究

企业发生财务危机，不能归还到期贷款是商业银行信贷资产的主要风险来源，商业银行如何构建恰当的信用风险评估模型来预测企业的财务危机，从而避免这类信用风险的出现就显得尤为重要。本文以我国上市公司为研究对象，结合杜邦分析法建立了基于生存分析的信用风险评估模型，模型对于随机选取的预测样本，其提前1年、2年和3年的预测准确率分别达到86％、72％和68％。通过与Ahman模型、Ohlson模型预测结果的比较和鲁棒性检验的结果发现，该模型同时具有可以使用时间序列、无需样本配对、中远期预测能力强和高鲁棒性的特点．这些特点特别对于商业银行中长期信贷风险管理具有较高的应用价值．     

基于风险视角的伊斯兰银行与传统银行的比较

本文在对伊斯兰金融发展及其风险管理研究进行文献综述的基础上,对伊斯兰银行与传统银行在风险管理方面的异同和可鉴之处分别进行介绍、比较和分析,探索性地提出我国试点开展伊斯兰金融业务的风险管理策略。     

The Nature and Rationale of a Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting by Islamic Banks

Islamic banks have to abide by the revealed doctrines in Islam in conducting their business and financial transactions. They employ in-house religious advisers—often referred to as Shari'a Supervisory Board (SSB)—who issue a special report to inform users of financial statements whether or not the bank has adhered to the Islamic principles. Recently, a private standard-setting body—the Financial Accounting Organization for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions (FAOIBFI)—has been set up to externally regulate the financial reporting by Islamic banks. The FAOIBFI has published two statements on the objectives and concepts of financial reporting to act as a framework in setting accounting standards for Islamic banks. This paper examines the FAOIBFI's approach for developing objectives and concepts of financial accounting and investigates its need for such a theoretical framework. It is argued that the FAOIBFI's objectives and concepts would not be useful in mandating accounting standards on issues that are affected by religious ruling. This does not necessarily mean that such a framework may not be useful in legitimating the FAOIBFI's role and in setting accounting standards for issues that are not governed by revealed moral doctrines although it will be subject to similar limitations to those found by other standard-setting bodies in utilising and applying their framework. However, it implies that the more the FAOIBFI sets accounting standards that incorporate religious ruling, the less it would tend to find its own objectives and concepts useful. The ambiguities that may arise from different interpretations of the religious rules will require resolutions primarily by reference to religious rather than accounting authority.     

中外商业银行竞争力差异比较分析

文章通过对国有商业银行、股份制商业银行、外国商业银行的现金资产比率、存贷比率、盈利性等方面进行比较,分析了中外商业银行在竞争力方面存在的差异及形成的原因,从优化收入结构、加快金融创新、强化风险控制、提高资产质量和系统安全性等方面探讨了提高我国商业银行的竞争力。     

Shari’ah supervision,corporate governance and performance: Conventional vs. Islamic banks

The performance and accountability of boards of directors and effectiveness of governance mechanisms continue to be a matter of concern. Focusing on differences between conventional banks and Islamic banks, we examine the effect of (i) Shari’ah supervision boards, (ii) board structure and (iii) CEO-power on performance during the period 2005–2011. We find Shari’ah supervision boards positively impact on Islamic banks’ performance when they perform a supervisory role, but the impact is negligible when they have only an advisory role. The effect of board structure (board size and board independence) and CEO power (CEO-chair duality and internally recruited CEO) on the performance of Islamic banks is overall negative. Our findings provide support for the positive contribution of Shari’ah supervision boards but also emphasize the need for enforcement and regulatory mechanism for them to be more effective.     

Islamic Banks,Deposit Insurance Reform,and Market Discipline: Evidence from a Natural Framework

Although it has been intensively claimed that Islamic banks are subject to more market discipline, the empirical literature is surprisingly mute on this topic. To fill this gap and to verify the conjecture that Islamic bank depositors are indeed able to monitor and discipline their banks, we use Turkey as a test setting. The theory of market discipline predicts that when excessive risk taking occurs, depositors will ask higher returns on their deposits or withdraw their funds. We look at the effect of the deposit insurance reform in which the dual deposit insurance was revised and all banks were put under the same deposit insurance company in December 2005. This gives us a natural experiment in which the effect of the reform can be compared for the treatment group (i.e., Islamic banks) and control group (i.e., conventional banks). We find that the deposit insurance reform has increased the market discipline in the Turkish Islamic banking sector. This reform may have upset the sensitivities of the religiously inspired depositors, and perhaps more importantly it might have terminated the existing mutual supervision and support among Islamic banks.     

Standard Setting for the Financial Reporting of Religious Business Organisations: the Case of Islamic Banks

Islamic banks have to abide by Islamic principles in all their business transactions. Accounting practices also have to be in conformity with this cardinal rule. Currently almost every Islamic bank sets its own accounting policy through a process which involves in-house religious advisers and the financial auditor of the bank. However, Islamic banks have recently agreed to establish a standard setting body to regulate their financial accounting and reporting. This paper argues that one of the predominant factors which seems to have influenced this decision and the institutional arrangements through which accounting standards will be promulgated is Islamic banks' fear of possible future intervention by their regulatory agencies.     

银行不良资产发生和化解的学理分析

用马克思主义经济学中的再生产过程的货币流通理论对银行不良资产发生和化解进行学理分析,发现银行不良资产的发生是垫支于再生产过程中的货币不能回流,引起货币不能回流的三个途径是企业、家庭个人和政府,化解银行不良资产的策略有信用替换、债转股、破产和通货膨胀四种.     

我国商业银行效率问题与改革策略透析

提高效率进而提高银行竞争力,是我国加入WTO的必然趋势,是实现国有银行商业化和国际化,从而确保金融安全,经济持续稳定发展的重大举措.本文运用非参数的数据包络分析法(DEA)评估了1994～2001年我国商业银行的技术效率,然后运用Tobit模型对影响效率的环境因素进行了计量实证,结果表明:资产收益率对银行效率有显著的正向影响,产权结构对银行效率有显著的负向影响,而其他变量基本上没有影响或只有弱的影响.因此,提高国有商业银行效率的关键是要对其进行产权制度改革,从根本上解决不良资产滋生的制度根源,而不是政府补贴及其他.     

大型银行与股份制银行存贷利差比较研究

本文利用6家上市银行2005~2009年的日均数据,经比较分析表明4家大型银行的存贷利差持续、显著高于2家股份制银行。这一差异的原因不在于各银行之间相差不大的存款平均利率,而在于贷款平均利率。股份制银行贷款平均利率较低,源于低利率票据贴现的比重较高和公司贷款的利率较低,这两者意味着股份制银行可能在竞争中采取了比较激进的策略来争取客户。利差收窄背景下各银行纷纷采取的以量补价策略,既不能真正解决问题,也不具有可持续性。为此,商业银行应大量发放中小企业贷款,但这可能需要提高对不良贷款的容忍度。     

刷卡手续费之争的博弈分析及银行对策研究

近期深圳零售企业与银联之间的刷卡费率之争甚为激烈.作者通过对国外相似案例的比较和对影响银商博弈因素的分析,认为:银行卡垄断的行业特征并非银商之战的真正原因;商家利润率的下滑是引起银商之争的主要原因,刷卡消费比例的提高和信息不对称是矛盾产生的次要因素;原有的"银行收取高手续费、商家采取合作态度"的博弈均衡正在被打破,银行做出适当调整势在必行;商家应认清银行卡发展乃是大势所趋,反思自身利润下降的原因,而不因一味指责银行卡垄断;银行应从Wal-Mart案中汲取经验教训,注重调查研究,积极引导消费者用卡,并尽量争取政府支持,以期在谈判桌上取得主动.     

A Comparative Literature Survey of Islamic Finance and Banking

There has been large-scale growth in Islamic finance and banking in Muslim countries and around the world during the last twenty years. This growth is influenced by factors including the introduction of broad macroeconomic and structural reforms in financial systems, the liberalization of capital movements, privatization, the global integration of financial markets, and the introduction of innovative and new Islamic products. Islamic finance is now reaching new levels of sophistication. However, a complete Islamic financial system with its identifiable instruments and markets is still very much at an early stage of evolution. Many problems and challenges relating to Islamic instruments, financial markets, and regulations must be addressed and resolved. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive comparative review of the literature on the Islamic financial system. Specifically, we discuss the basic features of the Islamic finance and banking. We also introduce Islamic financial instruments in order to compare them to existing Western financial instruments and discuss the legal problems that investors in these instruments may encounter. The paper also gives a preliminary empirical assessment of the performance of Islamic banking and finance, and highlights the regulations, challenges and problems in the Islamic banking market.     

中外商业银行竞争力评价分析

本文运用因子分析法对国内四大商业银行和国外六家知名商业银行进行了竞争力评价分析,指出过程竞争力水平低下是导致我国商业银行产出竞争力水平不高以及整体竞争力水平不高的最主要原因,我国国有商业银行在提高过程竞争力水平和内部控制水平方面仍任重而道远。     

我国上市银行经营绩效的经济动态分析

本文从盈利能力、抗风险能力和发展能力三种视角深入剖析上市银行经营绩效的生成机理。构建了上市银行经营绩效的经济动态分析模型，并运用我国上市银行2001～2004年的时序立体数据对上市银行经营绩效进行实证分析。研究结果表明，FDFS模糊动态因子分析法克服了采用平面数据进行分析的静态局限，简化了影响因素结构，客观反映了我国上市银行经营绩效的动态实际；盈利能力和成长能力等因素成为影响我国上市银行经营绩效的重要因素。本文还根据实证研究结果提出相应的政策建议：包括政府应加强和谐金融生态环境建设；银行应提高自身盈利能力和抗风险能力。     

关于我国建立发展伊斯兰保险市场的建议

伊斯兰律法禁止利息、不确定性交易等经济行为,致使传统保险无法满足穆斯林的保险需求。经过多年的研究,全新的伊斯兰保险诞生,并被穆斯林和非穆斯林所接受,而且市场发展正不断地扩张。我国拥有2000多万伊斯兰人口,而伊斯兰保险市场一片空白,也无学术的理论研究。笔者通过分析我国伊斯兰人口的分布情况及民族特征,以及伊斯兰人口集中地新疆的保险发展状况,探讨了我国发展伊斯兰保险市场面临的诸多机遇与挑战,并提出了以新疆为试点发展伊斯兰保险等政策建议。