企业社会责任、市场评价与盈余信息含量

社会责任报告可以间接反映企业社会责任的管理水平和投入水平,反映企业的可持续发展能力和责任风险.本文研究发现:社会责任的履行会影响投资者对企业盈利持续性的判断,企业社会责任表现越好,市场评价越高,会计盈余的信息含量也越高.而社会责任战略的制定与实施、社会责任行为的履行以及社会责任信息的披露都将影响市场对企业发展以及盈余信息含量的评价.因此,企业也需要在社会责任战略实施以及信息披露上有所提高.     

衍生工具、公司治理和盈余质量

衍生工具在国内外日益受到实务界和学术界的关注。本文以我国2007年至2013年间具有潜在风险敞口的A股非金融类上市公司为样本,研究企业应用衍生工具对盈余质量的影响及公司治理在两者关系中的作用。研究结果表明,应用衍生工具企业的操纵性应计利润显著增加,并且市场做出负向反应,盈余反应系数显著下降,可能的原因包括管理层的投机行为及套期保值会计制度的影响;进一步检验公司治理的作用,发现衍生工具对盈余质量的负面作用主要表现在公司治理水平较低的企业。这一结果说明公司治理差的企业应用衍生工具更倾向于投机,或者在套保认定为无效的情况下操纵盈余,对盈余质量产生负面影响。     

社保基金持股与企业盈余质量:A股上市公司的证据

本文利用中国A股上市公司2006-2015年的数据,研究社保基金持股对上市公司盈余质量的影响。我们用上市公司财务重述作为测度盈余质量的指标,发现社保基金持股能够显著降低企业发布财务重述的概率,这表明社保基金对上市公司盈余质量的提高具有促进作用。并且,社保基金的这一治理作用在国有企业、内部治理水平较差以及市场化程度较低地区的上市公司中更加显著。通过双重差分模型和安慰剂检验等方法弱化了内生性问题之后,以上结论依然成立,说明社保基金持股和盈余质量提升之间存在因果关系,我们称之为社保基金的公司治理作用。进一步研究发现,社保基金可以通过抑制控股股东资金占用、增加机构调研次数等途径提升被持股公司的盈余质量。本文有助于认识和评估社保基金持股对于上市公司的监督与治理作用。     

Corporate Governance,Social Responsibility,and Data Breaches

We study whether corporate governance and social responsibility are related to data breaches. We find that socially responsible companies with smaller boards and greater financial expertise are less likely to be breached. The financial impact of a breach is visible in the long term. Specifically, data‐breach firms have –3.5% one‐year buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns. Additionally, banks with breaches have significant declines in deposits and nonbanks have significant declines in sales in the long run. Finally, we find that following a data breach, companies are more likely to replace their chief executive officer and chief technology officer as well as improve their governance and social responsibility.     

政府信任关系、企业社会责任与企业竞争力

稳固的政府信任关系不仅能有效促进企业组织力的增强,还能够帮助企业优化治理结构,增强风险抵抗能力,提高组织韧性.保持深入的政府信任关系会使企业注重社会责任的履行,有助于企业形象的塑造,但同时也会占用企业有限的资源.以资源依赖理论、制度理论、信号传递理论、利益相关者理论为基础,选取529个A股上市公司2011-2018年连...     

内部控制质量、盈余持续性与公司价值

本文从内部控制质量的角度探讨盈余持续性的一个动因,从公司价值的角度探讨盈余持续性的一个经济后果。我们基于有关的理论框架和前人研究成果提出两个假设:公司内部控制质量越高,盈余持续性越好;公司的盈余持续性越高,公司价值越高。我们基于2007-2010年A股上市公司的年报、有关公告以及股价等信息,选取了6648家样本公司,以无保留内部控制审计意见代表高质量的内部控制,用类似于Sloan(1996)等方法度量盈余持续性,用托宾Q表示公司价值。经验证据发现,公司的内部控制质量与盈余持续性正向关联,盈余持续性与公司价值也正向关联,支持了我们所提出的假设。这表明,我国上市公司内部控制管制初见成效,既有利于提高上市公司的盈余质量,也有利于公司估价。     

公司治理与企业社会责任:同源、分流与融合

对于公司治理与企业社会责任的融合这一颇具争议的话题,本文从理论溯源入手,指出现代企业的诞生是公司治理与企业社会责任共有的理论源头,责任概念是二者共有的理论内核,并对公司治理与企业社会责任在发展中出现的分流现象进行了分析。当前社会环境的变革与经济发展模式的变迁改变了二者分流发展的趋势,为二者的融合提供了外部条件,而二者共有的理论内核又为这一融合提供了内在必然性。     

Corporate Social Performance,Competitive Advantage,Earnings Persistence and Firm Value

In this paper, using a generalised valuation framework inspired by Ohlson, we show that corporate social performance (CSP) is value relevant and that, in particular, it appears to be associated with a higher coefficient on earnings. This could be attributable to either a lower cost of equity for these firms, or greater earnings persistence. We show that, once industry membership is controlled for, any cost of capital effect is minimal. Regression tests based on realised earnings confirm that the valuation effect is attributable mainly to greater earnings persistence in firms with higher levels of CSP. These outcomes are consistent with higher CSP conferring a competitive advantage on firms.     

会计稳健性、公司治理与社会责任报告印象管理

以2009-2014年披露社会责任报告的A股上市公司为样本,研究会计稳健性与公司治理对企业社会责任报告印象管理的交互影响.结果表明:企业会计稳健性越高,社会责任报告印象管理程度越低;公司治理水平越高,社会责任报告印象管理程度越低;公司治理水平越高,会计稳健性对社会责任报告印象管理的抑制作用越小;反之,公司治理水平越低,会计稳健性对社会责任报告印象管理的抑制作用越大.会计稳健性和公司治理均有助于抑制企业社会责任报告印象管理行为,且具有替代关系,这种替代关系在非国有企业中更为显著.     

区域竞争、公司税负与社会责任意识

2008年新的企业所得税法实施后,公司社会责任的履行具有获取税收优惠的优势,这种优势存在地区性差异。企业所在地的地方政府可用财力越丰富,社会责任意识强的公司可能获取更多的税收优惠。而经济落后地区,地方政府倾向于税收竞争策略,所在地区公司整体税负更低,但是承担社会责任带来的税收优惠少于经济发达地区的公司。因此,地方经济发展水平和政府财政竞争策略是影响公司社会责任意识与公司税负关系的重要因素,为积极发挥税法引导经济发展方式转变的作用,应强化税法执行中的严肃性,减少地方政府的行政干预,以此激励企业履行社会责任①。     

社会责任信息披露、会计稳健性与融资约束——基于产权异质性的视角

目前关于社会责任信息披露与融资约束之间关系的研究还较少,且未有研究将社会责任信息披露与会计稳健性联系起来,考察二者对融资约束影响的交互效应,这不利于在实务上为企业的决策提供理论指引。本文以我国A股上市公司为样本,区分民营企业和国有企业考察了社会责任信息披露、会计稳健性及融资约束之间的关系,研究发现:(1)社会责任信息披露有助于缓解融资约束,且这种影响主要体现在民营企业中,在国有企业中并不显著;(2)由于资源约束的限制,企业社会责任信息披露与会计稳健性在对融资约束的影响上主要呈现出替代关系;(3)社会责任信息披露对融资约束的影响及其与会计稳健性之间的替代效应主要存在于经济发达地区,在经济发展水平较低的地区并不显著。     

Corporate Social Responsibility,Tax Aggressiveness,and Firm Market Value

This paper examines the relationship of corporate social responsibility (CSR), tax aggressiveness, and firm market value. An economic model has been developed to show that profit‐maximization firms are willing to incur additional costs in CSR, such as paying more taxes, as long as they can differentiate their products from non‐CSR firms, and that socially conscious consumers will buy products from CSR firms at prices higher than those of non‐CSR firms. The empirical study in this paper indicates that the higher the CSR ranking of a firm, the less likely a firm is to engage in tax aggressiveness. It also indicates that a reputation of higher CSR will enhance firm market value. Using Canadian companies listed in the S&P/TSX 60 index, I find that both firms’ five‐year effective tax rates and annual effective tax rates are positively associated with their overall CSR scores as well as with their social scores. Firms’ five‐year effective tax rates are also positively associated with their governance index. I also find that firms’ overall CSR ranking and governance scores are positively associated with their market value.     

Earnings Quality Based on Corporate Investment Decisions

In this paper, I examine a new approach for measuring earnings quality, defined as the closeness of reported earnings to “permanent earnings,” based on firm decisions with regard to capital and labor investments. Specifically, I measure earnings quality as the contemporaneous association between changes in the levels of capital and labor investment and the change in reported earnings. This approach follows the reasoning that (1) firms make investment decisions based on the net present value (NPV) of investment projects and (2) reported earnings with higher quality should more closely associate with real investment decisions. I find that measures of earnings quality based on managerial labor and capital decisions correlate positively with earnings persistence and have incremental explanatory power relative to earnings‐quality measures used in the accounting literature. Furthermore, investment‐based earnings‐quality measures are less informative when managers tend to overinvest.     

A Bidirectional Analysis of Earnings Management and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Moderating Effect of Stakeholder and Investor Protection

The aim of this paper is to analyse the connection and possible bidirectional relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management (EM). Furthermore, we identify the institutional factors moderating these relationships, such as stakeholder and investor protection. The use of the generalised method of moments estimator proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991) for an international sample of 1960 international listed non‐financial companies from 26 countries for the period 2002 to 2010 highlights the existence of an inverse bidirectional relationship between CSR and EM through discretionary accruals. These relationships are especially important in countries where there is significant institutional pressure regarding CSR as a result of their greater stakeholder protection and also in countries with greater investor protection.     

企业社会责任、融资约束与企业金融化

企业承担社会责任能够通过与利益相关者进行资源交换获得战略资源,但是战略资源对企业绩效的影响取决于企业的投资方向。在实体企业金融化愈演愈烈的经济环境下,本文利用2010—2017年中国A股非金融上市公司数据重点探讨了企业社会责任对企业金融化的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)企业社会责任提高了企业的金融资产配置水平,存在"金融化效应";(2)融资约束在企业社会责任对企业金融化的影响中具有部分中介作用,企业社会责任通过缓解融资约束加剧了企业金融化;(3)企业社会责任的"金融化效应"仅在外部监管力度较弱的非国有企业、内部治理水平较低的低股权集中度企业中存在,行政外部监督和企业内部监督能够在"融资约束—企业金融化"过程中对管理层的机会主义行为发挥治理作用;(4)识别机制检验证实了中国企业金融化主要出于利润最大化的"投资替代"动机。以上结论为政策制定者规范企业社会责任报告披露方式、引导金融回归实体经济具有借鉴意义。     

嵌入社会责任与扩展公司财务理论

主流的公司财务理论是社会责任外生型的,其理论渊源是新古典范式的主流经济学。超越新古典范式,从嵌入性立场重新审视企业,则现代企业在性质上是一系列经济契约与社会契约的集合体,并且现代企业是独立于股东的实体而不是合法虚构。从公司实体假说出发,经典的代理理论需要重新解释,并且公司的财务目标函数需要重新修正。与修正的财务目标函数相匹配,公司财务理论需要在决策标准、分配理论和决策机制等方面进行适当地扩展。     

On the Foundations of Corporate Social Responsibility

Using corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings for 23,000 companies from 114 countries, we find that a firm's CSR rating and its country's legal origin are strongly correlated. Legal origin is a stronger explanation than “doing good by doing well” factors or firm and country characteristics (ownership concentration, political institutions, and globalization): firms from common law countries have lower CSR than companies from civil law countries, with Scandinavian civil law firms having the highest CSR ratings. Evidence from quasi‐natural experiments such as scandals and natural disasters suggests that civil law firms are more responsive to CSR shocks than common law firms.     

The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Real and Accrual‐based Earnings Management: Evidence from China

This study examines the relationship between Chinese firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their earnings management (EM) practices. As China rapidly emerges as one of the largest exporters as well as importers, an understanding of Chinese CSR practices is increasingly important not only to Chinese authorities and firms, but also to international stakeholders. However, Chinese CSR has been largely underestimated in previous studies, and this CSR–EM relationship has never been sufficiently examined with regard to Chinese firms. In addition, this study measures the level of EM using two different methods: accrual‐based EM (AEM) and real activity‐based EM (REM). In general, REM is regarded as more costly but less detectable, while AEM is regarded as less costly but more detectable, owing to the fact that AEM is subject to greater scrutiny from auditors and regulators. The results show that Chinese firms’ enhanced CSR generally decreases their EM practices. On the contrary, state‐controlled firms and firms operating in more institutionally developed regions are more likely to engage in REM, while increasing their CSR activities. These findings provide new evidence that managers in Chinese firms tend to opportunistically adopt CSR practices according to the firm's institutional environment.     

企业社会责任信息披露问题的探讨

企业社会责任要求企业在追求经济效益的同时也要兼顾社会利益.为了使企业相关利益者了解企业是否履行了社会责任,企业必须披露有关社会责任信息.我国企业社会责任信息披露还处于初级阶段,缺乏企业社会责任信息披露的意识.因此,在进行企业社会责任信息披露时,应披露能源利用、环境保护、职工利益等方面的内容,并在年报附注中披露社会责任信息,编制企业社会责任白皮书等.