弥合数字素养鸿沟的乡村网络扶贫对策研究——基于家庭文化资本的视角

以互联网为基础的信息技术已渗透到社会的各个领域,由于原有的经济发展不平衡,信息技术和网络的应用沿袭了原有的城乡差异,形成了新的不平等现象:"数字素养鸿沟".本文以布尔迪厄的文化资本理论视角进行质性研究,发现城乡家庭文化资本中"数字素养能力"的"使用接入"和"技能接入"存在差异,对城乡中小学生的"意识接入"产生影响,以文化惯习的方式代际传递.弥合"数字素养鸿沟"需要加强农村网络基础设施建设,推动农业农村农民的"数字化转型",搭建全民信息化能力提升教育平台,提升农村信息化教育建设质量.     

金融素养与文化观念对家庭负债的影响——基于两部分模型的经典回归分析

文章在文献综述和理论回顾的基础上,试图揭示金融素养对家庭负债情况的影响机理,同时加入文化观念进行探索性研究。采用两部分模型,对中国家庭金融调查数据展开分析。结果发现:(1)金融素养对家庭负债率和家庭持有的负债量均存在负相关关系;(2)家庭文化观念对家庭负债率和家庭持有的负债量均存在正相关关系;(3)人口统计特征因素从不同程度影响家庭持有负债率及持有负债额。最后,根据研究结果给出政策建议。     

PHILANTHROPY AS A CORPORATE STRATEGY*

An attempt to formulate the implications of corporate “philanthropy” by private firms is made in this paper. By philanthropy we mean the public activities of private agents, which are not carried out through the ordinary price mechanism. From the point of view of social roles, corporate philanthropy complements the price mechanism as do the government sector, non-profit organizations and individuals. Here we formulate corporate philanthropy as the product of two possible motivations: either as a means of long-term profit maximization, or as a direct element in an objective function of a firm.     

NONCOOPERATIVE BEHAVIOUR AS A CREDIBLE THREAT

In this paper we consider some limitations on the credibility of the threat of noncooperative behaviour as a response to cheating in cartels.     

MONEY AS A MECHANISM IN A BEWLEY ECONOMY*

We investigate the efficiency property of a monetary economy with spot trade. We prove a conjecture that is essentially due to Bewley (Models of Monetary Economics (1980); Econometrica 51 (1983), 1485–504). The gist is that monetary spot trading is nearly efficient ex ante in an environment where very patient agents can accumulate large enough money stocks to be completely self‐insured. We also study examples where a nonmonetary mechanism is preferred ex ante to any monetary mechanism in a stationary environment, and where an inflationary monetary mechanism is preferred ex ante to a laissez‐faire or deflationary monetary mechanism in an environment with impatient agents.     

ASSET FORFEITURE AS A LAW ENFORCEMENT TOOL

This article examines the impact on deterrence of laws that allow the seizure of assets used in the commission of a crime but owned by someone other than the offender. The results suggest that forfeiture can be used effectively, in combination with more standard tools (criminal fines or imprisonment), as a deterrent under certain conditions, but the risk of overuse is real. In particular, complete forfeiture (seizure of the entire value of the asset) is not generally socially optimal, but when enforcers are rent‐seekers who care primarily about the revenue generated by forfeiture, they will use the tool to the maximum extent allowed by law. (JEL H11, K14, K41)     

CAPITAL MAINTENANCE AS A KEY DEVELOPMENT TOOL

We construct optimal growth models where labor resources can be allocated either to production, technology adoption or capital maintenance. We first characterize the balanced growth paths of a benchmark model without maintenance. Then we introduce maintenance activity via the depreciation rate of capital. We characterize the optimal allocation of labor across the three activities. Although maintenance deepens the technological gap by diverting labor resources from adoption, we show that it generally increases the long run output level. Moreover, we find that equilibrium maintenance and adoption efforts respond in opposite directions to policy or technology shocks. Finally, we find that the long‐term output response to policy shocks is slightly higher in the presence of maintenance.     

统筹中国区域发展问题研究

统筹区域发展是未来中国社会经济发展与改革的一项核心要求,这一要求的提出既有坚实的理论基础,又有充分的现实依据。未来统筹区域发展应该以明确的区域战略为依据,逐步完善区域管理的制度基础,制定合理的区域政策,统一安排解决各种问题,将治疗已经存在的落后病、衰退病和防治潜在的膨胀与萧条病结合起来,形成相互合作、相互支持、共同发展的区域经济新格局。