生态文明背景下的林产品贸易绿色技术创新问题研究

生态文明背景下林产品贸易的绿色技术创新是研究的热点问题.国内外学者对生态文明、绿色技术内涵的理解不同,但绿色技术创新是贸易可持续发展的重要策略已经是学界共识,本文结合林产品贸易的特点,提出在末端治理技术创新、绿色工艺创新和绿色产品创新的林产品贸易绿色技术创新,以实现林产品贸易的可持续发展.     

中国林产品出口结构及应对策略分析

中国木质林产品出口过分依赖于木家具等劳动密集型产品,容易遭遇反倾销及技术性贸易壁垒等贸易摩擦,同时补缺型的贸易特征容易使林产加工业面临资源安全的威胁。本文通过对中国林产品出口贸易结构进行研究,就中国林产品对外贸易的策略及经营发展途径提供了建议。     

环境规制视阈下的中国林产品出口贸易研究

进入21世纪以来,欧美等发达国家在林产品贸易中借助其技术优势,以环境规制为名设定市场准入条件,限制中国林产品出口贸易.近些年来虽然中国林产品出口稳定增长但增长率明显下降,产品出口集中度有所下降但仍然面临较大风险,林产品出口贸易依然以加工贸易为主要方式.从短期来看,环境规制会导致中国林产品出口数量下降、产品成本上升及其国际竞争力下降;从长期来看,环境规制能给中国林产品出口带来创新效应、形象效应及绿色效应.在环境规制不可逆转情况下,应进一步建立健全森林认证制度体系,转变贸易方式促进产业结构升级,加大打击非法林产品贸易力度,实现林产品出口市场多元化,有效推动中国林产品出口贸易持续健康发展.     

韩国绿色贸易壁垒对中韩农产品贸易的影响分析

本文从韩国绿色贸易壁垒的特点出发,分析了中韩农产品贸易壁垒的中韩双方面的原因以及中韩农产品贸易壁垒对中国农产品出口的直接的贸易方面的影响和深远影响.     

我国遭遇绿色贸易壁垒原因及对策浅析

21世纪产品持续发展的主旋律是绿色产品的开发.由于金融危机和经济衰退,各国不断采取贸易保护措施,绿色贸易壁垒使贸易保护在名义上和提法上有了合理性的巧妙性.本文首先简单介绍了绿色贸易壁垒的含义,然后详细论述了我国遭遇绿色贸易壁垒的原因,在此基础上提出了对策.     

解读绿色贸易壁垒

绿色贸易壁垒是当今世界兴起的一种新型贸易壁垒,被西方发达国家广泛的用于实施不公平贸易,发展中国家深受其害.本文从绿色贸易壁垒的形式、成因、特点、发展趋势等几个方面阐述了绿色贸易壁垒的基本情况.     

世界林产品贸易发展趋势及对中国的影响

编者按:中国林产品以其物美价廉和特色优势,在国际贸易中占据了举足轻重的地位.从贸易额来看,2006年中国主要林产品进出口总额已达到471亿美元,比2005年增长了22.8%.其中,进口额达到194亿美元,同比增长了9.99%;出口额达到277亿美元,同比增幅高达33.8%.随着世界经济不断增长,世界林产品贸易快速发展,并表现了新的发展特点.中国作为林产品贸易大国,应该顺应世界林产品贸易的发展趋势.本文从商品结构、区域特征等角度回顾了世界林产品贸易的发展现状,总结概括了世界林产品贸易的主要发展特点,从资源获取、贸易方式、森林认证和产业内贸易等方面,探讨了中国林产品贸易发展的方向.     

绿色贸易壁垒对中国玩具出口的影响研究

本文采用1996-2010年中国与六个主要玩具贸易伙伴国的面板数据,运用个体固定效应变截距模型实证分析了绿色贸易壁垒对中国玩具产品出口的影响。结果表明,在控制贸易伙伴国的国内需求、双边实际汇率、中国国内产品标准以及出口退税率等重要变量的条件下,伙伴国的绿色贸易壁垒对中国玩具出口产生了显著的负向影响。最后根据研究结论提出了中国规避绿色贸易壁垒,以继续保持和发挥玩具产品比较优势的针对性建议。     

绿色贸易壁垒对中国林产品出口的影响及对策

近年我国林产品出口增长迅速,但是应当看到在增长背后的隐患与不足。由森林认证形成的消费绿色贸易壁垒成为我国林产品出口的一大隐患,若不加以重视,将会逐渐削弱我国的木质产品竞争力;而一旦有关国家强制实施森林认证,将对我国林产品出口造成沉重的打击。本文以木制家具业为例对该影响进行了定量分析。同时由于我国林产品生产和管理方面没有与国际标准接轨,致使各种法律绿色贸易壁垒从多个方面影响我国食用林产品出口。面对隐患与不足,要积极应对寻求突破,保证我国林产品出口持续稳定增长。     

绿色壁垒对我国纺织品贸易的影响及对策

文章在明确了绿色贸易壁垒的含义和特点的前提下,揭示了我国纺织品出口贸易中绿色贸易壁垒的表现形式及我国纺织业面临的问题,进而分析了绿色贸易壁垒对我国纺织品出口贸易的积极和消极作用,最后,提出了应对绿色贸易壁垒的相关策略。     

刍议国际贸易中的贸易报复

20世纪 90年代后,随着经济全球化的发展,国际贸易领域中的争端和冲突日益增多,许多国家为了维护自己的经济利益,开始越来越多地采取贸易报复。目前,贸易报复已成为制约国际贸易发展的重要障碍之一,而要减少各国之间的贸易报复,首先需要真正地认识贸易报复。     

国际贸易理论的演进逻辑:贸易动因、贸易结构和贸易结果

国际贸易理论历经古典贸易理论、新古典贸易理论、新贸易理论、新兴古典贸易理论和新新贸易理论五个阶段,主要回答三个基本问题:贸易动因、贸易结构和贸易结果。依据不同的假设,贸易理论对影响贸易的边界条件的解释各不相同,对贸易动因解释也不相同;贸易结构从行业间贸易、行业内贸易发展为企业间贸易,国际贸易正在向全球化下的企业分工演变;贸易结果是国际贸易得以持续展开的效果,生产力提升是最终的结果。基于三个基本问题,比较各种国际贸易理论,揭示各种国际贸易理论的局限性,并做出评价。     

贸易自由化与中性贸易体制

贸易体制中性化是贸易自由化的内在要求，但是，中性化并不等于自由化，贸易自由化必须包括贸易体制中性化和减少贸易干预两个方面。贸易自由化的实质是建立有效的市场经济机制，减少对贸易的行政干预是贸易自由化成功与否的关键所在。     

货物贸易、服务贸易与技术贸易发展趋向

通过对世界货物贸易、世界服务贸易和国际技术贸易这三者的发展状况进行对比分析,考察三者在贸易自由化方面的关系,认为技术贸易自由化的阻力是技术贸易、服务贸易和货物贸易中最小的,且发展最快;服务贸易自由化的阻力又小于货物贸易自由化的阻力,其发展速度快于货物贸易,并据此提出我国应采取的对策建议。     

ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement: Evaluating Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects

The present study attempts to provide insight into the trade creation and trade diversion effects of ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement in goods, which came into force in 2010. The paper applies a theoretically consistent gravity model and uses empirically robust procedures such as ordinary least squares and pseudo-Poisson maximum likelihood in order to analyze the ex post effects of the agreement at an aggregate level. The results reveal that standard gravity variables are statistically significant and report expected signs, yet a reduction in export flows has been observed following the implementation of the free trade agreement, giving rise to pure trade diversion effects.     

Do Trade Agreements Increase Food Trade?

In addition to multilateral trade agreements under the World Trade Organization (WTO), the world has seen a remarkable proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) in the last two decades. This study investigates whether these multilateral and regional trade institutions increase food trade and bring the world into a freer flow of food. The gravity model of international trade is used for the empirical analysis. The model is developed in a large panel data setting and attempted to address some potential problems in the estimations including multilateral trade resistances, zero trade values and endogeneity. The results suggest that both the WTO and RTAs have delivered significant positive effects on trade among the participant countries, but not food. Only RTAs are found to have increased food trade among the participant countries. However, although on average the WTO is found to have negative implications on food trade, it facilitates the developing countries more than the developed countries.     

客户做什么生意，我们就做什么生意

要帮助客户做生意，自己应该成为一个合格的生意人，这样才能引起客户的共鸣和重视，赢得客户的尊重。[编者按]     

Do Trade Agreements Stimulate International Trade Differently? Evidence from 296 Trade Agreements

In a seminal article, Rose (2004) found that the assumed positive impact of the WTO on international trade was questionable. This finding has been scrutinised and modified in subsequent research, using different data sets, econometric methods and separating the WTO from other forms of trade agreements. A key characteristic of the subsequent literature is the rather simplistic way in which trade agreements are treated whereby all trade agreements are lumped together. Trade agreements come, however, in many different forms and shapes. This study addresses these differences in trade agreements. Using a unique database of 296 trade agreements, we distinguish 17 trade‐related policy domains and indicate whether the agreements contain legally enforceable commitments. This extensive and novel taxonomy of trade agreements enables us to allow for the possible heterogeneity of the impact of trade agreements on international trade. Using a gravity model, we find that trade agreement heterogeneity indeed matters for international trade and that countries experience significant trade increases due to comprehensive trade agreements even if not all participants are in the WTO.     

Growth and Trade vs. Trade and Growth

In the traditional trade literature, there is a well-developed area analyzing the effect of growth on trade and its reflection on income growth. This literature developed already in the 1950s and 1960s. Generally speaking, an interest in the effects of trade on growth has also existed for many years, where trade has often been viewed as an engine of growth. Cases in point are the "East Asian Tigers" and Japan which have especially benefited from outward-looking policies. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between economic growth and growth in income terms of trade, arguing that income terms of trade is a useful concept in analyses of the link between trade and growth. Our results suggest that fast-growing countries have either specialized in sectors with a relatively favorable development with regard to world market prices, or they have managed to successively improve quality within sectors, thereby avoiding falling terms of trade in spite of large increases in export volumes.