有效的利益联结机制：兵团农业产业化发展的关键

加快兵团农业产业化发展是促进新型团场建设、增加职工收入的重要途径,而如何建立和完善龙头企业与农户之间的利益分配关系是保证农业产业化发展的核心。本文试从兵团农业产业化组织利益联结现状、建立龙头企业与农户间有效利益机制的意义、完善龙头企业与农户间有效利益机制的几点思考三个方面,阐述如何构建龙头企业与承包职工之间“利益共享、风险共担”的利益分配机制,从而促进兵团产业化健康发展。     

农业小微企业与农户联结机制分析——以吉林省为例

本文以吉林省为例着眼于农业小微企业,与农业产业化龙头企业相比,农业小微企业与农户联结的组织形式、经营决策方式以及利益联结机制等方面存在区别和差距。农业小微企业与农户的组织形式变化反映农业产业化的发展层次,农业小微企业与农户联结发展农业产业化需要完善的制度来支撑,完善对农户的利益机制是加强小微企业与农户联结紧密与可持续的关键,农业小微企业向龙头企业发展晋级应该协同于农业产业化的发展趋势。     

新疆兵团农业产业化龙头企业发展问题研究

农业产业化龙头企业作为上连市场、下连农户的组织,起到了桥梁作用,是农业产业化发展中不可或缺的重要组成部分。本文将对新疆兵团农业产业化龙头企业发展问题进行系统分析,通过龙头企业的发展现状,找出其存在的问题:有企业无企业家,有产品无品牌,企业规模小、产业链短,资金和人才普遍短缺,利益联结机制不健全,社会负担重等。并针对这些问题从企业家的培养机制和管理体制,培育兵团品牌,培育壮大龙头企业,提高基地建设水平,完善与农户的利益联结机制等方面提出相应的对策。     

农业产业化龙头企业与农户的利益机制问题探析

利益分配问题是农业产业化经营的核心问题，推进农业产业化经营，必须在龙头企业与农户之间建立相对稳定的合理利益连接机制，目前，我国农业产业化经营中出现了龙并联砂企业与农户间多形式，多样化的利益连接机制，本将对这些利益机制中龙头企业与农户利益的实现程度进行分析、评价、并提出完善农业产业化经营利益机制的对策与措施。     

支持发展产业化龙头企业推动现代农业再上新台阶

农业产业化是我国农业经营体制机制的创新,是现代农业发展的方向。农业产业化龙头企业是构建现代农业产业体系的重要主体,是推动农业产业化经营的关键。进入新世纪以来,我国农业产业化龙头企业发展迅猛,但同时,遇到了新的发展瓶颈。为确保农业产业化龙头企业的持续健康发展,今年3月16日,国务院出台了《关于支持农业产业化龙头企业发展的意见》。7月16日,市政府下发了《上海市人民政府贯彻国务院关于支持农业产业化龙头企业发展意见的实施意见》。为全面贯彻国务院、市政府文件精神,市委农办、市农委对推进上海农业产业化龙头企业发展提出了新的目标和要求。     

兵团农业龙头企业与农户利益联结机制的探讨

对兵团农业产业化龙头企业与农户利益联结机制现状及其制约因素进行分析,探讨健全和完善兵团龙头企业与农户利益联结机制的对策建议。     

兵团农业产业化经营：现状、问题及政策措施

兵团农业产业化经营是在30年前原农工商综合经营的基础上,依托特色优势农产品基地,依靠重点龙头企业带动,通过探索和完善"龙头企业 基地(团场) 农户"等农业产业化经营模式及其利益联结机制,逐步推进和发展并取得显著成效.该文主要就改革开放30年来兵团由农工商综合经营到农业产业化经营发展情况进行了阐述,并分析了目前兵团农业产业化经营发展中的存在的主要问题,进而提出了今后兵团农业产业化发展目标和重点以及主要发展政策措施.     

借鉴发达国家经验 推进农业产业化跨越式发展

本文从中观层面对农业产业化的内涵进行了解读,梳理了美国、法国、日本、荷兰等发达国家农业产业化发展的成功经验,阐明了我国农业产业化发展的主要做法、成效和问题,提出通过着力打造大型龙头企业或企业集团、继续推进农民专业合作组织建设、进一步完善利益联结机制和健全扶持政策体系推进我国农业产业化跨越式发展。     

支持农业产业化面临的问题与对策

农业产业化是农业经营体制机制的创新,是现代农业发展的方向。而农业产业化龙头企业(以下简称"龙头企业")是发展农业产业化的关键。农发行自开办商业性贷款业务以来,在支持农业产业化方面取得了一定的成绩。但由于龙头企业自身存在的问题、农发行业务范围的特殊性、外部风险补偿机制的有限性,一定程度上制约了农发行在更深更广的层面发挥职能作用。     

创新广东农业产业化经营体制机制研究

改革开放30多年来,广东农业产业化经营取得了丰硕成果,探索了符合广东省情和农业发展实际的产业化经营新路子,农业龙头企业联结带动农户增产增收体制机制得到不断丰富和完善。2010年,广东省委、省政府作出了建设农业强省的战略部署,作为推动广东农业从“大”到“强”转变的重要抓手,农业龙头企业和农业产业化经营承担着重要而艰巨的历史使命。本文基于对广东农业产业化发展历程的回顾,总结经验,深入分析制约因素和有利条件,并就新形势下推动广东农业产业化经营提出相应的意见和建议。     

面粉中含砂量测定的不确定度评定

本文依据《粮油检验粉类粮食含砂量测定》对面粉中含砂量进行测量,并对其测量结果进行不确定度分析,探究影响测量过程中不确定度分量来源并进行评定。分析得出,扩展不确定度为0.0004%,面粉中含砂量测定结果为0.017%±0.0004%(k=2)。     

饲料中镉含量的测量不确定度评定

分析石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中镉含量不确定度各个分量,对其测量不确定度进行合理评定,结果表明:饲料样品中镉含量为0.052 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.0035 mg/kg(k=2),校准过程和测试过程随机效应是引入不确定度的主要原因。     

食品中金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测的不确定度评定

为提高食品中金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果的准确性,本文对测量不确定度进行分析和评定.按照《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》(GB 4789.10—2016)第二法金黄色葡萄球菌平板计数法对人工染菌的乳粉样品进行检测,按照《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)分析不确定度来源、评定...     

中国水稻生产效率的变动分析

一、引言中国是世界最大的稻谷生产国 ,水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物。我国加入WTO后 ,在市场经济的调节下 ,稻谷生产与贸易受国际市场和价格的影响越来越大 ,因而如何保护我国的农业 ,提高我国水稻的国际竞争力 ,促进我国农产品的生产和贸易 ,是摆在我们面前的一件重要事情。而生产效率的提高有助于提高我国水稻的国际竞争力 ,所以 ,研究水稻的生产效率很有意义和价值。生产效率是指产出量与全部投入之比 ,表明产出量的变动与全部投入量变动的关系 ,以衡量生产率的变化对经济增长的作用。生产效率一般是指生产系统的总要素生产率 (TotalFa…     

分光光度法测定食品中亚硝酸盐不确定度评估

本文根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)和《食品安全国家标准食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定》(GB 5009.33—2016),利用分光光度法对食品中亚硝酸盐的含量进行测定,建立数学模型对亚硝酸盐含量测定的不确定度来源分量进行计算、分析,食品中亚硝酸盐的测定结果可以表示为X=(11.2±0.70)mg·kg^-1,k=2,为评价试验测量结果的真确性提供科学依据。     

农地生产率变化及不同规模农户农地生产率比较研究--浙江省农村固定观察点农户农地经营状况分析

本文以浙江省农村固定观察点的农户为研究对象①,对近十几年来农户农地利用结构和生产效率方面的变化做一实证分析。一、农地生产率变化分析(一)农地生产率及其经营效益变化从观察户的跟踪观察资料看,随着科学技术的进步和农户生产技术水平的提高,农户的农地生产率总体呈上升趋势。这里我们以浙江的主要农作物粮食的单位面积产量与农地单位面积投工两个方面来说明。从表1可见,在固定观察点建立以来的14年中,按播种面积计算的粮食亩产提高了15.14%(1988年较1986年提高20.60%);同期,每亩农地的用工量减少了36.76%。表1的后半部分是农户农地经…     

明代华北农业发展的推动因素分析——生产要素角度的描述与估计

本文以明代时期的北直隶、山东、河南为例,从生产要素的角度分析明代华北农业发展的推动因素.一是人口的增长、迁移和耕地面积的增加.二是农田水利,除了治理河流,井灌得到了广泛采用.三是农业技术有所进步.本文还尝试用生产函数模型,分别对中性、劳动增强型和土地增强型的技术进步率进行估计,结苯表明,明代华北农业的增长方式主要依赖于劳动和耕地的增加.在资源约束日益加剧的今天,要进一步重视技术进步在推动农业发展中的作用,同时在技术选择和创新中还特别需要注意与各地的资源禀赋条件相适应.     

重庆缙云山旅游竞争力提升研究

缙云山作为国家级重点风景名胜区,在自然资源、生态、区位和宗教旅游方面具有一定的旅游竞争优势,但如何有效利用这些优势资源提高景区的竞争力仍是其面临的重要问题。通过分析缙云山的旅游竞争力基本要素,指出其目前存在的旅游产品单一、景区客源市场小等问题。提出改变旅游资源开发方向,完善解说系统,培养专业人才,加强管理等提升缙云山旅游竞争力的相关措施。     

Evaluation of forestland use in mining operation activities in Turkey in terms of sustainable natural resources

Mining has been necessary for human activities and is conducted in line with this need. The location of mines must sometimes be where land use overlaps with other activities because the location of the mined substance cannot be changed. In Turkey, forestland are the most common of these overlapping areas. Therefore, mining has frequently occurred on forestland in Turkey—and worldwide. After the mining operation activities are conducted, the forestland are rehabilitated and returned to the forest administration. The examination of used and returned areas provides an opportunity to create an optimal situation between “mining for sustainable development” and “protection of forestland.”Accordingly, several questions, such as mining production amounts, degrees of social and economic development of the cities in which enterprises are conducting mining, the quantity of the areas they used for mining activities in forestland, the areas which were returned to the forest administration, operating license areas and operation permit areas, and the life of mining operation, were asked to the mining enterprises in Turkey through the “Survey Monkey” program in 2018. Thus, according to mineral groups, different land use rates were compared with the operating license areas, and the land uses for each mineral group were analyzed by considering the operation activity periods. The results indicate that the sustainability of the use of forestry in mining activities in Turkey has changed in a positive direction, particularly because of changes in mining and environmental legislation in Turkey over the last decade.     

Assessment of implementation of protection of mineral deposits in spatial planning in Poland

A complex of raw materials available in a given commune shapes its functional − spatial structure and affects local economic development. The use of the resource base of minerals depends largely on the management of the space and respecting the zoning restrictions connected with protection of mineral deposits. The urgent need to protect them is due to their non-renewable nature and progressive development of the land. Preserving access to deposits is essential to ensure future mineral supply necessary for the economic development. This article presents the results of the assessment of implementation of rules of protection of mineral deposits in spatial planning at the level of territorial units in Poland.The study has been conducted in twenty-three communes of the Lesser Poland voivodeship, for thirty-one unexploited mineral deposits designated for protection in the Spatial Development Plan of the Lesser Poland (Małopolskie) Voivodeship of 2003. In the study of conflict with development of the selected mineral deposits with the environment, factors related to land use, forms of nature protection, water conservation and planned land development have been evaluated. The assessment has taken into account the importance of individual factors of conflict by giving them weights by means of pairwise comparison method. Five classes of conflict of the deposit management have been proposed: non-conflicting deposit, small conflict, medium conflict, major conflict and very big conflict. Almost equal numbers of deposits (9) belong to the class characterized by a of medium, small and large conflicts. Road and technical projects as well as expected significant impact of exploitation on the environment restrain exploitation. The impact is related to the necessity of use of explosives during the exploitation and by the cumulative effect of the mining activity already existing nearby. Analysis of the planning documents of the communes has shown both inadequate protection of mineral resources, including designation of areas of deposits for single-family housing, and a few examples of properly maintained spatial planning in the field of protection of mineral deposits. Information obtained from the environmental survey has been supplemented by assessment of the social aspect. In nine communes it has been determined that the areas of mineral deposits are not subject to spatial conflicts but in seven communes there is opposite situation. The most important benefits from the mineral exploitation which has been indicated in the studied documents included: jobs, access to construction materials and development of the commune.Present work allowed to define the areas and the scale of conflicts induced by development of mineral deposits and to propose measures for rational management of mineral resources. Recognition of the existing and potential conflicts can help to make the right decisions concerning development of the area and minimising impacts of exploitation of the mineral deposits.