论“EB”环境中消费合同的履行——从消费者权益救济视角

我国相关电子商务立法的缺位是导致消费者知情权遭受损害的根本原因。鉴于"EB"环境中消费者求偿权实现的特殊性,立法要在交易后保障消费者求偿权的实现,完善"EB"环境中消费合同履行制度设计,促进我国电子商务行业的有序发展。     

从可持续发展角度探析我国环境教育立法的定位

环境教育立法工作的开展必须要有相应的理论支撑。本文从可持续发展观、公民环境权理论和生态文明观三个方面论述了环境教育立法的理论基础和依据,旨在为环境教育立法工作的全面推进提出可以借鉴的理论向度。     

Deficiency Judgments and Borrower Maintenance: Theory and Evidence

It is well known that when property rights to an asset are divided, individual right holders may not have adequate incentives to invest in proper maintenance. In this paper, weexamine how mortgage laws affect the nature of the lender's claim to the house, and howthat claim in turn affects the incentives of borrowers to invest in home maintenance. Thespecific law that we examine concerns the right of lenders to pursue a borrower's nonhous-ingwealth in the event of default if the value of the house is less than the mortgage balance. Most states allow lenders to collect such “deficiency judgments,” while others either prohibit, or make it difficult to obtain them. The theoretical model developed inthis paper predicts that borrowers will maintain at a higher rate when lenders are allowedto seek deficiency judgments. Intuitively, when borrowers' nonhousing wealth is at risk,they have an incentive to invest more in maintenance in order to reduce the likelihood that the value of the property will fall below the mortgage balance. We attempt to measure this effect using data on household maintenance obtained from the American Housing Survey along with information on differences in mortgage laws across states. We estimate a three-equation simultaneous system relating maintenance expenditures, house value, and mortgage rates. The results provide confirmation that variation in mortgage laws affect homeowner maintenance in the manner predicted by the theory.     

浅论我国生态旅游中的环保法律问题

面对我国日益升温的生态旅游热,文章分析了我国在开展生态旅游中存在的主要法律问题,并且通过对我国现阶段生态旅游中出现的环境和法律问题进行分析,从环境立法、执法、监管及法律制度等方面提出了几点相关法律对策的建议,以促使相关部门重视生态旅游法制建设,进一步健全和完善生态旅游法律法规,保证生态旅游、环境保护和经济建设共同发展。     

论我国物流立法

随着经济全球化和信息技术革命，物流业在我国呈现出快速发展的趋势。目前我国现行的物流立法主要包括相关法律、行政法规、部委规章和国家标准，主要存在物流法律法规之间不协调和物流法律法规滞后、缺失和立法空白等问题。只有建立健全适应社会主义市场经济体制和现代物流产业发展的物流法律法规体系，才能保证我国物流业在不断完善的法律环境中健康发展。     

Why do U.S. states adopt public–private partnership enabling legislation?

Public–private partnerships, or PPPs, have the potential to address a range of urban economic issues. As of late 2012, thirty-two U.S. states and Puerto Rico had enacted legislation enabling the use of PPPs. PPP enabling laws address such issues as the treatment of unsolicited PPP proposals, prior legislative approval of PPP contracts, and the mixing of public and private funds. We utilize 13 key elements of PPP enabling laws to develop an index reflecting the degree to which a state’s law is encouraging or discouraging of private infrastructure investment. We examine why states pass such laws, and why some states pass legislation that is relatively more favorable to private investment. We consider demand side, supply side, and political/institutional drivers of passage. Vehicle registration growth and greater traffic congestion both increase the likelihood of passage, as does political agreement between a state’s executive and legislative branches. Traffic congestion, growth in per-capita income, and the percent of Republicans in the state’s House of Representatives all increase a law’s favorability to private investment. There is little indication that traditional public finance variables, such as federal highway aid, affect the likelihood of passage or the favorability of a state’s PPP enabling law.     

Human Work in Catholic Social Thought

In Catholic Social Thought, work is at the center of issues related to morality and economic life. It is simultaneously objective and subjective. Workers are the real agents of production, and therefore labor should have priority over capital. The able‐bodied have a moral obligation to work to obtain the things they need, but everyone has a claim on the basic necessities of life. Hence the property claims of the well‐to‐do are not to exclude the poor from what they need. The property‐right claim of stockholders depends on the firm serving work and the interests of workers. In unions, workers' natural right to form associations aligns with the right to participate in decisions affecting their lives. Numerous groups and organizations have some degree of complicity in workplace injustice and some degree of responsibility to address it.     

The Continuing Controversy over Right-to-Work Laws in the Early Twenty-First Century

This article provides a brief introduction to the ongoing controversy concerning right-to-work (RTW) legislation in the United States. The paper proceeds with the outlining of the major ideological arguments in favor of and in opposition to RTW laws before presenting the taste, free rider and bargaining power hypotheses which has motivated research concerning the economic effects of RTW laws. After reporting the findings of some of the basic empirical research designed to test these hypotheses as well as other recent studies, the article concludes that RTW laws have, at a minimum, moderately reduced the scope of unionization as well as the number of union members over the long-run. This indicates that the presence or absence of RTW legislation is not merely a symbolic fight as some have maintained but is something that has real consequences for the trade union movement’s future in the United States in the early 21^st century.     

财务契约理论文献综述

本文回顾了财务契约理论的演变过程,重点分析了财务约束、重新协商、控制权配置和索取权多样化等主要模型。认为保护投资者权益的根本机制是财务约束,即投资者要求企业给以足够的投资回报,否则就夺取企业的控制权从而使当前的控制人失去控制权利益。债务在公司治理中的作用一是迫使管理者支出自由现金,减少在职消费和低效投资;二是作为一种控制权转移机制,在股东和债权人之间转移企业的控制权,以实现最高经济效率。     

Institutional Reform to Tame Union Power

How far has the success of trade unions in obtaining political and economic privilege been attenuated by the laws passed by the Conservative Government? Charles Rowley, Acting Dean of the Graduate School and Professor of Economics at George Mason University, Virginia, assesses the effectiveness of the legislation and considers how much further reform will have to be carried to return the control of unions to their members.     

浅谈如何在贫困山区开展消防执法工作

文章结合在贫困山区开展消防监督执法工作的经验,针对标准更高、处罚更严的新《消防法》及其配套法律法规的颁布实行与贫困山区经济发展相对落后、消防基础设施薄弱、单位经营普遍困难、公民法律意识不强之间的矛盾,提出日常加强法律法规宣传、执法时做好思想工作、执法后悉心帮扶、注重部门联动发挥执法最大效力4点对策。     

Union Influence and Right-to-Work Law Passage

A bstract . Urban and labor economists have examined macro and micro effects of the passage of right-to-work laws in various states. These laws prohibit unions from negotiating bargains that require new and previous hires to join the union. The results have been suggestive, pointing out that cost-of-living indices are dramatically influenced by the presence of unionized workers.
This analysis describes the economic and political evolution necessary for the legal passage of right to-work laws. Although individual studies have pointed out that a low degree of unionization is necessary for the passage of such laws, no study has attempted to describe the timing of the decline in unionization rates as it relates to the passage of these laws. To test this thesis, a discrete-time or hazard model is employed. Evidence suggests that a low threshold of union activity must be reached before an individual state will adopt such labor laws. Also important in the analysis is the degree of construction and manufacturing within each state, as well as public choice determinants of legislative activity such as the role of the Democratic Party. The discrete-time model suggests that a declining union membership is important in determining the "timing" of the adoption of right-to-work laws by states, as well as the actual adoption of these laws by states.     

论农村基础设施建设绩效审计法律制度的完善

目前我国农村基础设施投资的绩效审计,只是由部分审计机关零散地进行,缺乏统一的标准和规划,这与我国目前缺乏针对农村基础设施建设绩效审计的法律法规有关,因此必须尽快加强这方面的立法。结合我国国情,立法可以采用地方先行的模式,应明确立法的目的、农村基础设施投资绩效审计的内容和标准,同时还需要以法律形式建立绩效审计结果报告制度、公告制度和审计责任追究制度。     

Knowledge monopolies and the innovation divide: A governance perspective

The rise of digital platforms creates knowledge monopolies that threaten innovation. Their power derives from the imposition of data obligations and persistent coupling on platform participation and their usurpation of the rights to data created by other participants to facilitate information asymmetries. Knowledge monopolies can use machine learning to develop competitive insights unavailable to every other platform participant. This information asymmetry stifles innovation, stokes the growth of the monopoly, and reinforces its ascendency. National or regional governance structures, such as laws and regulatory authorities, constrain economic monopolies deemed not in the public interest. We argue the need for legislation and an associated regulatory mechanism to curtail coercive data obligations, control, eliminate data rights exploitation, and prevent mergers and acquisitions that could create or extend knowledge monopolies.     

如何让思想政治工作贯穿当前的国家燃油税改革

我国近年来进行的燃油税改革,实质上是经济发展战略重大转移的重要组成部分,决定了我国社会主义现代化建设未来的发展方向。尽管这项改革触及了相关行业的近期利益,但如果不进行改革,这些行业只能走进历史的死胡同。文章认为,任何一项改革都不是一蹴而就的,必须做好人们的思想政治工作,改革才能顺利进行,从而保证中华民族伟大复兴事业朝着正确的轨道不断前进。     

《宪法》就业政策条款对劳动权的保障及其完善——兼议《宪法》劳动权的属性

我国《宪法》第42条第2款不是权利条款,而是《宪法》就业政策条款,它有着四方面的功能。我国《宪法》就业政策条款在立法、行政、司法等方面均通过一定方式实现对公民劳动权的保障,但还需要进一步完善。与就业政策密切相关的劳动权,它在《宪法》上的性质,首先是生存权与自由权的延伸,更是一种现代《宪法》下的社会权,社会权是超越公法属性与私法属性的权利。     

The Right to the City: Road to Rio 2010

In the last decade, the right to the city has evolved as a powerful rallying cry in the struggle against the exclusionary processes of globalization and the commodification of urban space, and in conflicts over who has claim to the city and what kind of city it should be. Drawing on the work of Henri Lefebvre the vision of the right to the city has inspired a global social movement, legislative reform in Latin America and international debates (e.g. at World Urban Forum 5 in Rio de Janeiro). Nevertheless, despite its theoretical appeal, the content remains elusive and implementation is fraught with challenges. This article critically examines the right to the city through the lens of contributions to the UN‐HABITAT e‐debate in November/December 2009, which gave voice to those who might otherwise not be heard. Drawing on these contributions, the article argues for a new conceptualization of citizenship, and for a redefinition of the role of the local state and social actors in implementing the rights‐based agenda that the right to the city entails.     

我国银行理财产品质押的法律风险及其缓释路径

银行理财产品质押具有融资功能。虽然立法未明确银行理财产品可纳入出质范围,但是具备权利质押的法律构成要件。立法的缺失将银行的理财产品质押授信业务置于巨大的风险之下,对此可以通过类推适用、确立优先受偿权、设置质物价值追踪系统以及建立强制平仓制度等法律手段来缓释风险。     

加快建立我国税法体系框架研究

党的十五大报告指出,要确保到2010年形成中国特色社会主义法律体系.税收立法是建设中国特色社会主义法律体系的重要内容,对于经济社会发展、依法治国的意义重大.但是,由于经济改革开放速度快、形势复杂,我国目前的税收立法工作进展较慢.因此,尽快完善我国的税法体系框架,成为建立中国特色社会主义法律体系的当务之急.为此,需要抓住增值税立法这一关键,本着"成熟一个、立法一个"的原则,推进我国税法体系框架的建设进程,促进中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成.     

浅谈法学教育改革与探索

我国长期实行计划经济体制,许多法律、法规仍然是为适应计划经济而制定的,没有体现市场经济体制中的市场调节和竞争机制,与规则相悖;已有的有关市场经济的立法也不够完善,特别是对我国法律和法学教育改革尤为重要和迫切。