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1.
"坚决不打赤字财政",是陈云一贯而鲜明的主张,因为在他看来,财政赤字与通货膨胀密不可分。建国初期,我国人民饱受通货膨胀之苦,而"币值下跌、物价上涨的主要原因,是政府的财政赤字庞大"。因此,陈云力主财政安排留有余地,尽量避免出现赤字,尤其忌讳将赤字用于投资。在这一思想的主导下,计划经济时期我国财政预算保持平衡,物价基本稳定。新时期以来,我国经济体制和市场环境发生重大变化,财政赤字渐成常态,相应地物价亦呈不断上涨趋势。尽管近年来连年出现的财政赤字主要依靠发行公共债务来弥补,但这终究不是长久之计,当下的欧债危机警醒了我们,陈云提出的"建设规模的大小必须和国家财力物力相适应"是一条不变的真理。 相似文献
2.
Gottfried Haber 《Empirica》2001,28(1):69-95
The macroeconometric simulation model AMOD1 and the optimization algorithm OPTCON are used to evaluate fiscal policies for Austria since the late seventies. In particular, the question of optimal (debt stabilizing) fiscal policies for the past and for the future is analyzed within the framework of a medium-scaled simulation model. The first set of optimization experiments aims to assess optimal fiscal policies for debt stabilization for the historical period 1978–2000 while trying to maintain reasonable growth rates of approximately 2 percent of real GDP. Optimal values of the instruments and the targets are compared to empirical data for Austria. A second set of simulations calculates optimal paths for the fiscal instruments for the period 2001-2010, particularly with respect to the criteria of the Stability and Growth Pact, which is mandatory for member states of the Euro zone. 相似文献
3.
《经济问题》2012,(9)
“坚决不打赤字财政”,是陈云一贯而鲜明的主张,因为在他看来,财政赤字与通货膨胀密不可分。建国初期,我国人民饱受通货膨胀之苦,而“币值下跌、物价上涨的主要原因,是政府的财政赤字庞大”。因此,陈云力主财政安排留有余地,尽量避免出现赤字,尤其忌讳将赤字用于投资。在这一思想的主导下,计划经济时期我国财政预算保持平衡,物价基本稳定。新时期以来,我国经济体制和市场环境发生重大变化,财政赤字渐成常态,相应地物价亦呈不断上涨趋势。尽管近年来连年出现的财政赤字主要依靠发行公共债务来弥补,但这终究不是长久之计,当下的欧债危机警醒了我们,陈云提出的“建设规模的大小必须和国家财力物力相适应”是一条不变的真理。 相似文献
4.
中国财政赤字的规模与作用 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16
在改革开放的20年里,我国的财政赤字成为低通货膨胀的发展手段。目前的财政赤字规模并不可怕,需要关注的可能是财政状况的恶化趋势。而当前是否要竭尽全力改善财政状况,最终取决于决策者是更关心财政状况,还是更关心国民经济运行状况。 相似文献
5.
The article explores the determination of foreign direct investment (FDI) into the Balkan transition economies – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia. Detailed FDI inflows to Southeast Europe are analysed to determine the main differences in the volume, timing and sectoral structure of FDI within the region and in comparison to the Central East European countries. A gravity model for all transition economies during 1990–2011 is then estimated to assess whether the factors driving FDI to the Western Balkans are different. They are found to be so; even when the size of their economies, distance from the source economies, institutional quality and prospects of EU membership are taken into account, Western Balkans countries receive less FDI than other transition countries. These issues are of policy relevance for the Balkan economies and ought to contribute to the current debate on the ‘new growth model’. 相似文献
6.
财政政策工具实际操作偏离最初设计将会降低政策工具的调控效果,导致宏观经济波动加剧。针对地方政府财政政策的逆周期性调控目标,本文关注财政分权深化和政府债务增发的逆周期性效应。研究发现:地方政府财政政策总体呈现顺周期特征。财政分权程度的提高放大了地方财政政策的顺周期性。地方政府债务增发使地方财政政策呈现逆周期特征。地方政府财政政策及其收入面、支出面均呈现顺周期性,由“顺”转“逆”的债务平衡点分别为0137,0113,0209。当前绝大部分地区的债务规模都在债务平衡点之下。驱动地方政府债务逆周期调控的内在因素是官员晋升激励。晋升激励的程度越高,地方债务逆周期调控的力度就越大。但外部市场融资环境的波动削弱了地方政府债务逆周期调控的力度。本文的政策主张是,不宜过度财政分权,应该扩大地方债发行规模,促使地方财政政策逆周期调节。 相似文献
7.
Amanda Page-Hoongrajok J.W. Mason Arjun Jayadev 《Journal of post Keynesian economics》2019,42(1):90-113
State and local debt in the United States more than doubled as a share of gross domestic product between 1953 and 2007. Using a historical accounting framework, we find that there is no straightforward relationship over time between state and local deficits and debt growth. We find that only 17 percent of the variation in aggregate state–local debt ratios comes from variation in the fiscal balance. This is especially true in the 1980s, the period of most rapid increase in state–local debt ratios. Before 1980, there were small but persistent deficits, but stable debt ratios. In the 1980s, state and local sectors shifted toward budget surpluses but saw rising debt ratios. This is explained by a faster pace of asset accumulation. Our results demonstrate the autonomy of balance sheet variables and suggest that changing debt ratios cannot be explained by real income and expenditure flows. 相似文献
8.
根据Ghosh et al(2013)财政空间理论,利用2010—2019中国省级面板数据,对中国省级政府债务可持续、财政空间和经济增长之间的关系及其机制进行了研究。结果表明,中国个别省份出现了财政疲劳现象,要把控好债务风险雷区,但各地区债务限额存在异质性,在不损害可持续性的情况下,大部分地方政府有足够的“回旋余地”实施财政刺激政策。我国省级政府的财政空间和经济增长之间存在倒“U”型关系,即当政府负债率高于财政空间的临界点(或较低的财政空间)时开始阻碍经济增长,因此,需要通过降低政府负债率实现更高的增长。进一步研究发现,政府债务影响经济增长最重要的渠道是公共投资和私人投资,全要素生产率、储蓄和长期真实利率也是政府债务影响经济增长的重要渠道,而长期名义利率未能成为政府债务影响经济增长的渠道。 相似文献
9.
We construct a continuous-time overlapping generations model with an endogenous growth structure and consider fiscal sustainability under two fiscal rules: (i) the government fixes the budget deficit-to-GDP ratio and (ii) the government fixes the primary balance-to-GDP ratio. Under the constant budget deficit-to-GDP rule, fiscal sustainability is ensured when the initial public debt-to-GDP and budget deficit-to-GDP ratios are sufficiently small. Under the constant primary balance-to-GDP rule, it is difficult to ensure fiscal sustainability when the primary balance is in deficit or zero. However, fiscal sustainability is ensured when the primary balance is in surplus and the initial government debt-to-GDP ratio is sufficiently small. 相似文献
10.
金融风险社会化是金融风险从金融系统溢出,蔓延至实体经济、国家财政甚至社会公众的过程,这种风险扩散后患无穷。通过对历次金融危机的梳理,总结金融风险社会化的一般路径,厘清国家财政必须承担起金融风险社会化最后防线的责任,并参考国际经验和我国国情,提出防范金融风险社会化的政策建议。 相似文献
11.
文章基于央地财政关系协调失灵导致地方财政赤字扩张偏向的理论假设和现实背景,通过构建一个协调博弈理论模型,运用我国1995-2012年省级空间面板数据模型的GS 2 SLS 和System GMM的回归分析,系统研究了“央地财政关系”对地方政府财政赤字扩张偏向的影响机制。研究发现:我国地方政府存在财政赤字决策的相互模仿行为,中央政府存在通过财政协调机制来协调地方政府的财政决策行为,但并不成功。这意味着我国“央地财政关系”确实存在协调失灵,进而导致地方政府财政赤字持续膨胀的经济现象。 相似文献
12.
Hyungon Kim 《New Political Economy》2015,20(2):228-253
This study attempts to make a contribution to the field of spending aspects of fiscal policy and their impacts on electoral outcome. Due to varying degrees of financial responsibilities and commitments to provide public goods and services, US state governments serve as a perfectly natural laboratory to test the electoral significance of fiscal policies. We adopt a probit model, with several specifications, to determine significant impacts of fiscal consolidation and increases in welfare spending on US gubernatorial elections from 1978 to 2006. The analyses show that voters are more concerned about the increase in debt than current budget deficits. An increase in welfare spending is negatively associated with reelection. Moreover, the impact of taxation on gubernatorial elections turns out to be insignificant. In particular, findings suggest that the political business cycle model does not hold true in US gubernatorial elections. Expansionary fiscal policy right before the election may not have crucial impacts on the chances of an incumbent winning the election. 相似文献
13.
Keigo Kameda 《Asian Economic Policy Review》2012,7(2):227-243
Is a fiscal stimulus effective? This classical question has received significant research attention since the collapse of the global financial services firm Lehman Brothers. Although most studies agree on the existence of Keynesian multiplier effects, several studies also demonstrate the existence of non‐Keynesian effects. What explains this lack of consensus in the literature? In this paper, we aim to bridge the two views by estimating a near‐vector autoregressive system that includes interaction terms of fiscal instruments, and the debt‐to‐gross domestic product (GDP) or the primary‐deficit‐to‐GDP ratios. Moreover, to embed the dynamics of the debt‐to‐GDP ratio in the analysis, we explicitly incorporate the government budget constraint. By computing and comparing the impulse response functions, we find Keynesian effects when fiscal conditions are sound, and non‐Keynesian effects when the primary deficit is large. 相似文献
14.
本文通过达瓦斯两国财政离散度的测算和MSVAR模型对中美、中欧财政政策协调进行定量分析。结果表明,中欧的财政政策相关程度比中美要高,这主要是由于中国地方财政分权模式与欧元区相似,以及美元霸权地位的“资本双向流动模式”所决定。债务危机后需要各经济体进行统一协调的财政方案,否则一个开放经济体政策的作用效果会被抵消。目前中国在国际政策协调中仍处于从属地位,未来美国的财政赤字将大幅下降,同时欧元区的赤字也将波动下降,中国要加快做好经济结构调整。 相似文献
15.
We investigate the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy using a Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregression (B-SVAR) approach. We identify fiscal policy shocks via a partial identification scheme, but also: (i) include the feedback from government debt; (ii) look at the impact on the composition of output; (iii) assess the effects on asset markets; (iv) use quarterly data; and (v) analyse empirical evidence from the US, the UK, Germany and Italy. The results show that government spending shocks, in general, have a small effect on Gross Domestic Product (GDP); lead to important ‘crowding-out’ effects; have a varied impact on housing prices and generate a quick fall in stock prices. Government revenue shocks generate a mixed effect on housing prices and a small and positive effect on stock prices. The empirical evidence also suggests that it is important to explicitly consider the government debt dynamics in the model. 相似文献
16.
平衡财政赤字有举债和银行透支两个途径,二者可兼用。举债要视当期财政收入状况为前提,银行透支超越社会承受力一定限度将致发通胀。因此,必须关注财政赤字规模的社会承受力。从全国看,财政赤字规模---一定限量银行透支应以一定限量社会闲置货币资金的存在---社会承受力为依托。财政赤字宜用积极手段平衡。 相似文献
17.
我国国债发行规模的预测分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用现代经济计量学的方法对我国国债发行规模进行了实证研究。采用GDP与财政支出中的投资性支出这两个最主要的变量,建立国债发行规模的EGARCH模型,预测我国未来5年的国债发行量,以此判断国债发行规模的适度性。 相似文献
18.
Starting in May 2008, the US government disbursed over $100 billion to households in the form of tax rebates. Embedded in the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, the rollout was aimed at limiting, or possibly reversing, the negative effects of the recession that was just starting. Substantial research concentrated on capturing the impact of the stimulus on consumption behaviour. Prior research suggests that the tax rebate had a small and/or no positive effect. This raises the question: How did individuals spent their tax rebate? Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation 2008 panel wave 1 topical module, the data suggest that more than half of the respondents, who received the rebate, used this one-time windfall to pay off debt. Our findings indicate that this effect is more pronounced among low-income individuals, who chose to service their debt burden instead of increasing immediate consumption. The findings point to a stabilizing effect of the tax rebate programme on the financial sector, suggesting that substantial distributional asymmetries exist concerning tax rebate programmes in an economy where a large share of households are indebted. 相似文献
19.
财政可持续性是影响政府教育努力程度的重要因素。本文基于2015—2019年城市面板数据测算了地方政府的财政可持续性指标,考察了财政可持续性对地方政府教育投入水平的影响。研究发现:我国大部分地级市都处于财政可持续状态,地方政府逐年上升的财政可持续性风险将降低政府教育努力程度,这一效应在东部地区和中部地区以及经济较发达城市尤为显著。 相似文献