基于数据包络分析的铁路特种集装箱运营效率评价

运用数据包络分析法中的C2R模型,研究铁路特种集装箱的相对运营效率。在模型分析的基础上,通过明确评价目的、选择决策单元、建立输入和输出评价指标体系、收集和整理数据、数据包络分析模型的选择和计算等步骤,分析评价结果,并据此提出决策建议,以提高特种集装箱的总体运营效率和投资回报率。     

基于数据包络分析的铁路物流中心运营效率评价

在分析铁路物流中心运营效率评价特点的基础上,运用数据包络分析方法对铁路物流中心运营效率进行评价。从铁路物流中心自身运营状况和数据包络分析的要求出发,选取用地面积、设备费用、信息技术投入和工资作为输入指标,年货物处理量作为输出指标,构建铁路物流中心运营效率评价模型。通过算例分析,表明该模型能够判别铁路物流中心的运营相对有效性,并为非有效物流中心的经营管理提供改进目标。     

基于数据包络分析的油料勤务分队工作效能评价

通过分析油料勤务分队工作效能影响因素,构建评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析法展开评估,采用Matlab算法计算模型,有效解决了油料勤务分队工作效能评价问题。     

基于对应分析法的编组站分类研究

针对编组站分类问题,在有关研究基础上选择对应分析法对编组站进行比较分析.根据对应分析法的原理和处理过程,确定编组站样本选择和分类技术指标,通过对应分析的结果分析,将样本编组站分为路网性、区域性和地方性编组站,并与有关研究的编组站分类结果进行比较,说明该方法直观且符合编组站的实际分类.     

基于数据包络分析的路网性编组站运营效率评价研究

路网性编组站作为铁路运输企业的基本生产单位和运输过程的关键节点,其运营效率的高低直接关系到整个路网运输的生产效率和效益水平。在阐述我国路网性编组站运营现状的基础上,基于数据包络分析法建立路网性编组站运营效率评价模型,从生产数量、生产效率、生产投入3个方面构建路网性编组站运营效率评价指标体系,客观地求解多个编组站的技术效率评价结果,提出改进技术无效单元的对策,为提高编组站作业效率、提升全路运输组织效率效益研究提供理论支撑。     

编组站空车解体效率的模糊综合评价

考虑空车解体作业的特殊性，分析编组站空车解体效率的影响因素，确定了评价空车解体效率的指标体系，并建立编组站空车解体效率模糊综合评价模型。利用该模型对鹰潭东站解体空车的效率进行了综合评价，并提出保证空车顺利溜放的作业措施，以有效提高编组站的解体能力。     

基于模糊因果聚类的编组站运营指标预测

运用模糊因果聚类分析方法,结合铁路编组站作业的实际,选取对编组站运营指标影响较大的因素,建立基于模糊因果聚类的指标预测模型。通过对车站运营指标预测的实例分析,说明运用该方法对编组站运营指标进行预测,实际操作简单,具有一定的适用性。     

提高编组站作业效率的措施

从压缩货车周转时间上考虑,对技术站中转时间需要通过提高编组站的作业效率来压缩。以丰台西站为例,分析了编组站作业效率不高的制约因素,提出提高机车运用效率、严格执行编组计划、加强设备养护、加快设备更新、统一信息系统等提高编组站作业效率的措施。     

向塘西编组站设备性能比较及运营分析

介绍了向塘西编组站上、下行驼峰的设备概况,并从设备、车型、天气等方面,对在驼峰作业中产生的撞车事故进行了分析,找出产生事故的原因。     

基于车流接续代价最小的编组站配流计划优化研究

编组站是铁路运输系统的重要一环,其作业效率直接影响铁路运输效率和经济效益。为了高效、经济地完成列车解编,提高铁路运输的市场竞争力,需要优化编组站配流。通过引入"惩罚系数"衡量到、发列车接续的代价,将配流问题转化为运筹学的运输问题,考虑编组站实际作业的不确定性和复杂性,以车流接续总代价最小为目标函数,建立编组站配流优化模型,并设计算法进行求解,得到优化的配流计划,验证编组站配流优化模型和算法的有效性,可以提高和优化编组站作业效率。     

基于可靠性计算的编组站车流预估方法研究

编组站阶段计划作为编组站作业计划的核心,对编组站高效完成运输生产任务具有重要作用。然而编组站阶段计划的编制通常受限于到达车流的时间不确定性和车流信息的不准确性,为提高自动编制阶段计划的准确性,研究一种依据车流实际确报信息对预报信息进行准确性评价、并且根据站内车流和带有准确性评价的到达车流进行车流自动推算的方法。在量化车流可靠性参数评估和列车平均运行时间评估的基础上构建模型,并提出相应的算法,随着系统运行过程中车流信息的不断积累和可靠性评价参数的动态更新,通过模拟调度人员对车流分配的思考过程实现到发车流的自动推算和分配。该方法可以有效提升车流推算的准确程度,提高自动编制的阶段计划的可用性。     

The effects of corporate governance on airline performance: Production and marketing efficiency perspectives

This study explores the relationship between operating performance and corporate governance in 30 airline companies operating in the US. First, this study applies a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the production efficiency and marketing efficiency of the airlines. Our findings indicate that, in general, there is not as much dispersion in the relative productive efficiencies of the airlines as there is in their marketing efficiencies. The low-cost airlines, on average, are more efficient carriers than the full-service ones, but less efficient marketers. Secondly, truncated regression is used to explore whether the characteristics of corporate governance affect airline performance. The results demonstrate that corporate governance influences firm performance significantly. Finally, we address the managerial decision-making matrix and make suggestions to help airline managers improve performance.     

Performance measurement of a transportation network with a downtown space reservation system: A network-DEA approach

We propose an evaluation approach for a novel travel demand management strategy known as the downtown space reservation system (DSRS). This approach takes into account three perspectives, i.e., transportation service provider’s, the user’s, and the community’s and is based on network-Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) where the perspectives are inter-related through intermediate inputs/outputs. Two types of network-DEA models (radial and slacks-based models) are considered. An example is provided using data propagated from a microscopic traffic simulation model of the DSRS. The results show that individual node performance can drive network DEA performance and that this information can inform future designs of the DSRS.     

德国柏林中央客运站铁路车场设置及作业方式研究

德国柏林中央客运站集高速铁路、普速铁路、城市快轨和地铁于一体,日接发列车1300多列,是欧洲铁路网中重要的客运枢纽。柏林铁路枢纽的东西线和南北线在该站交汇,东西线方向设有2个独立的铁路车场,南北线方向设有1个共用的铁路车场,3个铁路车场均为贯通式布置。为提高车站接发车能力,该站主要办理通过列车,兼有部分始发终到列车。每个车场设置各有特点,列车作业组织紧凑有序,到发线利用率高。柏林站车场设置及作业方式可以作为大型铁路枢纽车站设计与作业组织的典型案例。     

An estimation of returns to scale of airport airsides under multiple optimal solutions in DEA

The returns to scale (RTS) nature of 37 Chinese airport airsides are investigated in this paper. Multiple optimal solutions in DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) models may lead to error RTS estimation. To address this problem, we use the (Zhu and Shen, 1995) RTS method. The empirical study shows that all those airsides with two runways operate under decreasing RTS and those airsides with only one runway either operate in the area of increasing RTS or in the area of constant RTS.     

铁路车站值班员应急处置能力评价体系构建

车站值班员应急处置能力评价,可以为新入职人员选拔和在岗职业培训提供理论依据和参考。结合车站值班员的作业内容和要求,以安全意识、响应能力、联系能力和操作能力为准则层,选取行车簿册、凭证填记准确率、命令下达、办理准确率和揭挂标识准确率等共计11项指标建立评价体系,并给出每项指标的量化测度方法。通过AHP法确定准则层之间的权重和指标之间的权重,构建基于模糊综合评价法的数学模型。随机选取某个车站值班员进行实例计算,由8位专家对车站值班员应急处置各项指标给出评语等级,验证所提出方法的可行性和有效性,并根据权重的高低,提出优化途径,即提升风险研判精确度与信息通报准确率2项指标的优秀率,能够显著提升车站值班员综合评价的结果。     

US airport financial reform and its implications for airport efficiency: An exploratory investigation

This study investigates the effect on airport productive efficiency of two major funding sources used by US airports, namely the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grants and the Passenger Facility Charges (PFC). A two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) modeling approach is employed for this purpose. In the first stage, we estimate airport productive efficiency using a variable returns-to-scale DEA model with both desirable and undesirable outputs. In the second stage, random effects regression models are estimated with airport efficiency scores from the first stage as the dependent variable and PFC and a proxy for AIP grants as two of the explanatory variables. By applying the two-stage DEA model to 42 primary US airports, it is found that PFC use has a positive impact on airport productive efficiency, whereas the impact of AIP grants is negative. Multiple counterfactual scenarios are examined by altering the mix of the two types of funding sources. The results show that simultaneously raising the PFC ceiling and decreasing AIP grants could lead to greater airport productive efficiency. The US federal aviation authority would also benefit from realizing these scenarios, especially given the budgetary constraints it faces.