论跨国公司全球战略下的生产体系

随着世界经济全球化进程的不断加快,面临着全球整合经营挑战的一些跨国公司被迫对其生产经营乃至整个全球制造的工厂体系进行调整。跨国公司不再单纯依赖于规模及地理优势,而是试图将其星罗棋布的工厂整合为紧密的整体,建立全球生产体系,以创造新的制造规模优势。在推进全球整合生产体系的过程中,跨国公司的生产组织功能要素——产品开发、采购、制造、需求管理、完成订单等往往首先发生转变,并对整个企业的战略产生影响。而跨国公司全球整合则可以分为确立全球制造任务、开发整体能力、确定重组范围、制定行动计划、争取预定结果等几个阶段。     

国际生产折衷理论的局限及进一步发展的新视角

国际生产折衷理论等主流理论对跨国公司对外投资行为的解释力存在局限性。国际生产折衷理论应吸收资源基础论和企业网络理论的合理内核,从而使理论的解释力更强,并更具动态性和生命力。     

基于国际生产折衷理论的企业FDI环境评价体系

为了综合考虑企业进行对外直接投资所面临的微观、中观和宏观这三个层次的因素,根据国际生产折衷理论建立一个较为全面的指标体系,并用层次分析法(AHP)确定各因素的权重,在专家打分后将结果进行加权平均得出结果。企业就能据此进行决策了。     

中国信息技术产业FDI区位优势分析——基于邓宁的国际生产折衷理论

IT产业已经成为我国吸引国际直接投资的主要高新技术产业之一。本文在此背景下,运用邓宁的国际生产折衷理论,结合我国IT产业的现实情况和数据,对我国IT产业吸引国际直接投资的区位优势进行了逐一的分析,以发现该产业吸引国际直接投资流入的优势与障碍之所在,并得出了有建设性的总结与启示。     

“一带一路”背景下我国企业对外直接投资的优势思考——基于国际生产折衷理论

"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛于2017年5月14日上午在北京国家会议中心开幕,随着"一带一路"倡议的深化,不断加快对外直接投资为我国跨国企业带来了新的机遇与挑战;国际生产折衷理论为认识和分析当代跨国公司经营行为及当代国际直接投资领域中的动向及特征提供了极为有益的启示与借鉴。本文利用国际生产折衷理论分析我国企业对外直接投资优势,结合当前投资环境和模式,为我国对外直接投资企业提出了一些策略建议。     

跨国公司全球战略与中外合资企业人力资源管理

随着跨国公司在全球经济中重要性的与日俱增,通过举办中外合资企业进入我国市场已经成为跨国公司全球市场战略的一个重要组成部分。西方跨国公司借我国对外开放之机,在我国境内兴办了大量的合资企业。在我国特定的社会、经济和文化环境中,中外合资企业发展非常迅速。一...     

跨国公司环境效应的理论解析

国际能源机构于2006年11月底宣布,中国可能在2010年前超过美国,成为全球最大的温室气体排放国,比人们预期的要整整早10年.这一预测可能会促使中国在能源和环境方面采取严格的新标准,更加关注跨国公司的环境效应.那么,跨国公司究竟是在把发展中国家变成自己的"污染庇护所"还是环保领域的"领头羊"?本文结合国际生产的有关经济理论,首先分正反两方对跨国公司的环境效应进行分析并提出政策建议,最后用国际生产折衷理论对上述问题进行了全面分析.     

数字化转型赋能中国企业对外直接投资——基于国际生产折衷理论的框架分析

在世界经济数字化变革的背景下,数字化转型能否赋能中国企业对外直接投资(OFDI)受到广泛关注。文章在国际生产折衷理论框架下,利用2008～2020年中国A股上市公司数据,理论分析并实证检验了数字化转型对企业OFDI的影响。研究发现：数字化转型显著提高了中国企业OFDI概率,经一系列检验后结论依然稳健。渠道检验发现,数字化转型通过强化所有权优势、提升内部化动力与克服外来者劣势促进了中国企业OFDI。异质性分析表明,企业产权性质、人力资本结构、行业要素密集度、竞争程度以及投资模式将影响数字化的OFDI赋能作用。最后,基于投资规模与投资绩效的检验发现,数字化转型还能助力OFDI“增量提效”,且规模增加体现在OFDI扩展边际。     

基于扩展的国际生产折衷理论的中国汽车企业跨国并购动因分析——以吉利收购沃尔沃为例

跨国并购是目前中国汽车企业对外直接投资的一种重要形式,基于扩展的国际生产折衷理论,以吉利汽车收购沃尔沃为例,分别从所有权优势、区位优势、内部化优势、要素整合优势和速度优势五个方面,较为系统地分析了中国汽车企业进行跨国并购的动因。     

Russian MNEs Under Sanctions: Challenges for Upgrading in GVCs (Cases of Energy and IT Industries)

Abstract

The article examines upgrading strategies of Russian multinational enterprises (MNEs) under sanctions. We focus on MNEs from energy and information technology industries. Four types of global value chain (GVC) upgrading strategies (process, product, functional, and chain upgrading) are discussed. The paper is based on the case study research. The research questions address the influence of sanctions on Russian MNEs’ upgrading strategies in GVCs and the role of import substitution policies for companies’ upgrading. Research findings show that at microlevel, sanctions do not prevent implementation of upgrading strategies. Import substitution policies provide additional support for MNEs upgrading in GVCs.     

Gaining legitimacy through hiring local workforce at a premium: The case of MNEs in the United Arab Emirates

This study examines the process and outcomes of cultivating external legitimacy through the employment of host country nationals by multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) affiliates in the United Arab Emirates. It builds on the literatures of both institutional theory and legitimacy. Analysis of data obtained from 48 managers of MNE's affiliates located in the UAE shows that in sectors where the employment of host country nationals is almost taken for granted such as in banking, MNEs are driven by a sense of appropriateness and social legitimacy. In contrast, in sectors where the employment level of UAE nationals is almost nonexistent, those MNEs engaging in localization are driven by the logic of economic efficiency and tend to employ nationals in order to extract rent from the government. The authors discuss the results and their managerial and policy implications.     

The emergence of multi-sided platform MNEs: Internalization theory and networks

The rise of the digital economy provides firms across the globe with unique business opportunities. Companies such as Facebook, Alibaba, and Uber are competing in a new multi-sided platform world; the primary focus of these firms, from their inception, is to provide digital infrastructure, information and technology—intangible assets that enable direct interaction or value creation across platforms by linking different user group and complementors, often at the international level. Building on data drawn from multinational multisided Platform corporations (MMPCs) operating in China, we combine insights from internalization theory and network effects in understanding the value creation of such firms. We explore the boundaries of these new “breed” of MNEs in exploiting firm-specific advantages (FSAs) and in creating new knowledge between headquarters and subsidiaries. The findings suggest that internalization theory needs to shift its focus from the ‘boundaries of the firm’ to the ‘boundaries of the local network’. By integrating their internal and external networks of knowledge in adapting their business models in host markets, this new breed of MNEs is more likely than the traditional one to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the new information age.     

基于生命周期理论的我国技术标准战略研究

技术标准已经成为国际经济竞争的最主要形式之一。本文根据产品生命周期理论,研究了技术标准演进的规律,分析了技术标准对市场的强化作用和保护作用,指出了竞争者在技术标准运行的不同阶段所应采取的标准战略,最后提出了我国实施技术标准战略应采取的对策。     

全球价值链视角下福建省产业集群的战略升级策略

经过十几年的发展,福建省产业集群初具规模并成为福建省区域经济发展的重要支柱,但从全球价值链视角看也面临着升级阻碍。以全球价值链视角分析了福建省产业集群战略升级中面临的问题,并基于链网互动探讨了福建省产业集群的战略升级策略。     

The Moral Basis of Global Capitalism: Beyond the Eclectic Theory

Dunning's recent discussions of the morality of global capitalism, as developed from his eclectic theory, are critically reviewed. It is argued that, in highlighting the benefits of globalisation, Dunning has underestimated the extent to which globalisation amplifies the costs of capitalism. The nature of capitalism varies according to the social and religious framework within which economic activity is embedded. An effective framework creates a high-trust form of capitalism based on self-regulation and self-control. This framework aligns private and social interests in cases where the forces of law and competition are weak. Late twentieth-century Western culture is secular and atomistic: it has fostered a low-trust form of capitalism, based on a selfish, individualistic and competitive concept of the entrepreneur. Low-trust capitalism provides entrepreneurs with unrivalled opportunities to manipulate consumer tastes, and frees them from any inhibitions about exercising this power. The globalisation of consumer product markets has reinforced this tendency, by strengthening the incentive to refine manipulative marketing techniques. The increasing reliance on mass media - especially television - for advertising distinguishes modern global capitalism from the international capitalism of the late nineteenth century. Because of these changes, people's wants are satisfied with unprecedented abundance, but their social needs are met much less adequately than before.     

全球价值链中零售企业创新战略研究

经济全球化时代零售企业竞争力的提高,取决于零售企业的全球价值链创新能力、整合全球客户资源和供应链资源的能力。7-11、宜家、沃尔玛、巴黎春天等跨国零售企业制定和实施了不同的全球价值链创新战略,吸引一流供应商和客户进入自身价值链,进而掌握了全球价值链主导权和控制权。     

基于CGMS模型的我国家电企业全球化战略的瓶颈因素及其战略对策

本文应用跨国企业的全球营销战略模型(CGMS),选取在国内具有影响力和代表性的19家家电企业为研究样本,对其全球营销战略与内外部关键影响力因素关系进行实证检验,运用多元线性回归统计技术找出影响制约家电企业提升全球营销战略水平的瓶颈因素,并据此给出相应的对策,以期对我国家电企业提升全球化战略水平有所裨益。     

跨国公司全球环保责任战略选择研究

发展中国家消费者认为,跨国公司应当采用全球标准化的社会责任战略,采取自愿责任行为,并对此积极响应;跨国公司的全球社会责任行为对消费者的公司认同和公司评价都具有直接的正向影响。对于跨国公司来说,实施标准化的全球社会责任行为能够增加发展中国家消费者的认同及对公司的良好评价,并有可能影响消费者购买的决策过程,进而转化为"货币选票"。跨国公司应从战略层面实施全球社会责任行为,构筑企业的长期竞争优势。     

Co-evolution of emerging economy MNEs and institutions: A literature review

This paper provides a review of the existing literature about the co-evolution of emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) and institutions and proposes directions for future study. We find that many existing studies involving the institution-EMNE relationship focus on the impact of institutions on EMNEs, and the research on their co-evolution is very limited in terms of emerging economies involved and theories and research methods applied. Given varieties of the institution-EMNE relationship we call for more studies by applying more contextualized theoretical perspectives and innovative and multiple research methods to advance our knowledge about the topic.