The Determination of Common Law Awards to Injured Workers

Prior to changes in the Western Australian legislation in 1993 an injured worker could sue his or her employer for damages at common law irrespective of the seriousness of injury or size of damages. A common law action is conditional on the personal injury being sustained during the course of employment, and caused by the negligence or breach of statutory duty of the employer. In recent years there has been concern expressed about the efficacy of the common law process in providing injured workers with awards that match their pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses. We address this issue by developing a model of the determination of common law awards in which we assume pre-trial settlement. We find that the economic mechanisms which bring plaintiff and defendant to a pre-trial settlement will not necessarily produce an award settlement consistent with the size of pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses. The model is subjected to an empirical examination using a sample of 384 plaintiffs whose cases were closed in Western Australia in 1990. Our results indicate that in practice the common law process fails to determine an individual assessment of injured workers' losses. In particular, awards represent an inadequate compensation for the losses suffered by severely incapacitated plaintiffs.     

美国车路协同系统和智能交通

车路协同系统（Ⅶ）是指基于车车、车路信息交互基础之上,而建立的人、车、路一体的安全智能交通系统。美国推行Ⅶ技术,其设想是在美国生产的所有车辆上装备通讯设备以及GPS模块,从而能够与全国性的道路网进行数据交换。IntelliDrive的计划是在Ⅶ基础上深化研究车路协同控制。我国车路协同实施起步较晚。随着我国交通流量的迅速增加,借鉴美国经验,推行车路协同技术势在必行。     

我国劳动争议处理体制与时效制度的探讨

完善劳动争议处理体制和时效制度,努力构建一套适应市场经济发展要求的劳动争议处理体制,对保护普通劳动者的合法权益,搭建和谐劳动关系具有重要意义。文章针对现行劳动争议处理体制和时效制度存在的弊端,论述完善现行劳动争议处理体制与时效制度的必要性,并提出了相关的法律建议。     

A sick system

After nearly two decades of skyrocketing costs, widespread gaps in insurance coverage and overwhelming public sentiment in favor of reform, health care has finally taken hold as a political issue. The Bush Administration, key Capitol Hill lawmakers and most of the major Democratic presidential candidates have advanced plans to break Washington's gridlock on overhauling the system. Here's a road map of the competing routes to reform and the hazards that are likely to be encountered along the way.     

基于资源系统观视角的区域资源安全性评价体系研究

从国家安全的角度来思考资源安全问题,以国内区域发展为资源承载依托,梳理资源安全的内涵、资源安全状态的要素、资源安全的影响因素等。基于资源系统观的视角,遵循科学性、全面性、协调性、层次性、统一性、通用性的原则,构建矿产资源安全、经济资源安全、社会资源安全、生态环境资源安全、技术资源安全子系统区域资源安全指标体系。将协调发展度的测定引入资源安全评价中,丰富资源安全评价体系,促进资源安全系统和各子系统的协调发展。     

The islamic economic system

The Islamic economic system is a theoretical construct of an industrial economy whose members follow the Islamic faith. This essay surveys the elements of such a system, as presented in a series of recent books on Islamic economics. Particular attention is paid to the injunction against interest payments and to the requirement of paying a wealth tax with regard to aggregate saving.     

An optional tax system

The model is of choice of hours worked and net of tax income by workers who vary in their skill levels. All workers face the same initial linear income tax schedule. We construct a set of linear income tax schedules, differeing in their degree of progressivity, and then allow each worker to choose under which schedule he shall be taxed. No worker is worse off under the option, and no worker pays less tax. Most workers are better off, and pay more tax. Hence, the optional tax system Pareto dominates the initial tax system.     

论自然经济体系

本文阐释了尚未人知的自然经济体系的思想及其假设,认为该体系对地球上所有生物的活动,尤其是对人类自所谓工业革命以来急剧增加的经济活动,具有明显的反作用。在深入观察、直觉感知、以及运用新古典经济学和投入-产出分析工具的基础上,不仅论证了该体系的存在及其特性,而且从自然经济体系角度,提出了如何应对诸如人口老龄化、人口拥挤、气候变化等人类社会面临的社会经济问题的思考。     

The Yugoslav economic system

In his 1976 book, Horvat reviews the changes that have occurred in the Yugoslav economic system since 1945. Changes in policy, instruments used, and sectoral output are examined. Yugoslav policy makers are faulted for failing to understand the distinction between changes in the system and changes in policy instruments available under it. The consequence is economic instability. This review article considers the compatibility between market and socialism and provides some support for the Yugoslav interpretation of socialism, on the basis of the Constitution and of the Associated Labor Act.     

Developing an introductory curriculum in system modeling and simulation: The system dynamics approach

Under a grant from the Office of Education, a set of self-teaching, introductory materials in system dynamics has just been completed. The curriculum consists of six student learning packages which integrate text material, completely worked through examples, and open-ended exercises. The packages take students from initial problem conceptualization to building a mathematical model of the problem under study, and simulating the model over time with the aid of a computer. The curriculum also includes an extensive teacher's manual and comprehensive answer books. These materials have been and are being pilot-tested at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate school levels. Initial trial results indicate the materials do succeed in introducing computer simulation as a problem-solving tool to these audiences.     

罗马尼亚科研院所评价体系综述

2011年,罗马尼亚政府对国家创新战略中期评估后,决定对科研院所进行评价,以提高公共科技研发资金的使用效率.通过聘请外国专家参与院所评价,在网上公布所有规章、流程和报告等办法,院所评价制度得以公平、顺利地实施.对罗马尼亚科研院所评价制度进行了综述,分析了制度实施后院所的意见和建议,以为我国科技管理部门优化科研评价体系、提高资源分配效率提供借鉴.     

浅论美国的税收指数化制度

本文分析了通货膨胀对税收制度的影响,并解析了美国的税收指教化制度,从实施指数化背景,基本的指数化方法以及指数化的效应和来自各方对美国税收指数化的评价这几个方面做了简析.并以此为基础,探讨我国的税收制度指数化改革方法的研究.     

加拿大联邦政府的科技经费管理体制

本文对加拿大联邦政府的科技经费管理体制,包括科技预算管理体制、科技经费监查体制、科技评估管理体制等情况进行了研究.加拿大联邦政府在科技经费管理体制上采取科技政策制定与计划执行相分离、预算编制与预算执行相分离的原则.在科技经费监管和科技评估管理上也具有重要特色,值得我们学习借鉴.     

Demographics and the pension system

"Italian demographic evolution closely resembles that of the other leading European countries, although with some distinctive features, such as a lower birth rate, more rapid population aging and fewer immigrants. Projections for the next two or three decades point to accelerating expansion of the aged population, especially of the very old, and a contraction of the working age population after the turn of the century. However, there are also unknowns involved in the demographic evolution of the aged population, turning on the speed of the decline in senile mortality in the decades to come and the possible effects on the health of the elderly population, hence on the demand for social services, considering among other things changing family patterns. There is broad agreement that the birth rate is now too low, that this could have serious long-run repercussions on relations between generations and on intergenerational transfers, and that there is room for social policy action to influence the reproductive choices of couples. This article examines several possible reproductive models and discusses the foundations for action and the potential policy contradictions."     

城乡就业一体化的制度约束与制度创新

在影响城乡就业一体化的诸多约束条件中,制度性的因素是根本的,只有切实把户籍制度、就业制度、社会保障制度以及城乡教育制度改革好,才能促进劳动力在城乡之间自由、公平、有序地流动,实现城乡劳动力的公平竞争和有效配置.