金融消费权益保护领域引入公益诉讼的理论探讨

2013年修订实施的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》规定:"对污染环境、侵害众多消费者合法权益等损害社会公共利益的行为,法律规定的机关和有关组织可以向人民法院提起诉讼。"自此公益诉讼正式走上立法舞台,并即将步入司法实践。本文从国内金融消费者维权困境出发,阐述在金融消费权益保护领域引入公益诉讼的必要性和可行性,提出在金融消费权益保护领域实施公益诉讼的基本思路。     

金融消费权益保护领域公益诉讼制度研究

公益诉讼是民事诉讼体系的组成部分,是对既有传统民事诉讼的一种补充,就其性质而言,它不是民事公诉,也非群体诉讼,而是法定的诉讼担当人诉讼。根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第55条和《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》第47条的规定,我们认为金融消费权益保护公益诉讼是指依法被授权的有关机关、组织和个人对以提供金融产品或服务的方式侵害众多金融消费者合法权益的行为。     

我国金融消费者公益诉讼制度研究

消费者公益诉讼制度设计重点关注保护众多消费者的合法利益免受侵害或侵害危险.众多金融消费者的合法权益更易遭受侵害,金融消费者公益诉讼制度亟待完善.本文比较了各国消费者公益诉讼的主要模式,对我国发展和完善金融消费者公益诉讼提出相关建议和对策.     

浅析金融消费者权益保护制度建设

当前,我国金融市场正步入金融商品和服务大发展的时期,金融消费在整个社会消费中所占比重不断提高,但由于金融消费者与金融机构之间存在信息不对称、地位不平等等问题,金融领域侵害消费者权益的现象突出。本文明确金融消费者的概念及其主要权益,分析我国金融消费者权益保护现状及缺失原因,提出完善我国金融消费者权益保护制度的建议。     

我国金融消费者权益保护体系的问题与解决对策

金融行业呈现传统业务与新兴业务共存局面,随着金融产品越来越细化,金融行业与金融消费者之间的信息不对称情况也越来越明显,金融消费者合法权益遭到侵害事件屡见不鲜。从四个体系看我国金融消费者权益的保护与问题,通过我国金融消费投诉与发达国家投诉及关涉业态的比较,就我国金融消费者权益保护机制模式选择,提出了完善我国金融消费者权益保护体系的思路与举措:即"一行三会"协调统筹设立专门的金融消费者权益监管机构,进一步完善金融消费者权益保护法律体系,逐步完善金融消费纠纷解决机制,在评估金融消费者金融素养基础上做好金融知识普及,以自律与监管相结合规范金融机构经营行为等。     

我国金融消费者保护中存在问题及对策

随着我国居民金融消费广度的扩展和深度的增加,金融消费者保护成为一个急需解决的问题。目前,我国金融消费者权益主要在金融产品推销中误导消费者、银行乱收费、信用卡透支陷阱多等方面受到严重侵害。金融消费者权益受到侵害的主要原因是金融机构的垄断经营和市场化改革、法制不健全以及缺乏金融消费者的维权部门和维权机制。文章建议通过制定《金融消费者保护法》成立专门的金融消费者保护机构、加大金融知识的宣传力度、发挥舆论媒体的监督作用等途径来加强对金融消费者的保护。     

公益诉讼在征信维权领域的应用探究

结合征信领域金融消费权益保护现状,以征信领域典型侵权案件为例,进行公益诉讼用于征信维权领域的可行性研究,提出公益诉讼适用于征信维权领域的观点,以期解决征信领域维权存在的金融消费者劣势地位、维权意识和动力缺乏、维权主体缺失等问题.     

对农村地区金融消费权益保护工作的调查与思考

近年来,金融消费权益保护工作在机构和制度层面上正逐渐走上正轨,然而与城市金融消费者相比,农村金融消费者权益更易受到侵害,农村金融消费权益保护工作亟待加强。本文阐述了农村金融消费者权益保护现状,分析了农村金融消费者保护存在问题的原因,并研究了相关政策建议。金融危机以来,金融消费权益保护在我国被提上议事日程,经过几年的发展,金融消费权益保护工作在机构和制度层面正逐渐走上正轨,与城市金融消费者相比,农村金融消费者由于文化素质低、金融知识匮乏、维权意识差、信息闭塞等原因,他们的金融消费权益更容易受到侵害,农村地区金融消费权益保护工作亟待加强。     

市场动态

金融消费者权益保护新规出台2019年12月27日,中国人民银行印发《中国人民银行金融消费者权益保护实施办法(征求意见稿)》。这是专门针对金融消费者权益保护的“部门规章”级法规,共7章69条,对金融机构行为规范,金融消费争议解决、监督与管理机制等方面进行了详细规定。     

金融消费者权益受到侵害的表现、成因及建议

随着金融市场日益繁荣和公众消费结构不断升级,金融消费已成为推动国民经济增长的强大动力,保护金融消费者权益是维护金融市场稳定,促进和谐金融环境建设的关键,随着金融服务与产品不断走进寻常百姓家,消费者与金融机构的联系变得日益密切。与此同时,因金融消费服务而引发纠纷,金融消费者权益被侵害现象偶有发生。金融消费者权益受损事频见报端,引起各级政府高度重视和网络媒体普遍关注。本文归纳总结了金融消费者权益受到侵害的表现,分析了金融消费者权益受到侵害的成因,提出了强化金融消费者权益保护的建议。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.